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Garg P, Ramisetty SK, Raghu Subbalakshmi A, Krishna BM, Pareek S, Mohanty A, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Gynecological cancer tumor Microenvironment: Unveiling cellular complexity and therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116498. [PMID: 39159874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, present significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment globally. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and therapy response, necessitating a deeper understanding of its composition and dynamics. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the gynecological cancer tumor microenvironment, emphasizing its cellular complexity and therapeutic potential. The diverse cellular components of the TME, including cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix elements, are explored, elucidating their interplay in shaping tumor behavior and treatment outcomes. Across various stages of cancer progression, the TME exerts profound effects on tumor heterogeneity, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. The urgency for novel therapeutic strategies is underscored by understanding immune evasion mechanisms within the TME. Emerging approaches such as immunotherapy, stromal-targeting therapies, anti-angiogenic agents, and metabolic inhibitors are discussed, offering promising avenues for improving patient outcomes. Interdisciplinary collaborations and translational research are emphasized, aiming to advance precision oncology and enhance therapeutic efficacy in gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Sravani K Ramisetty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ayalur Raghu Subbalakshmi
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - B Madhu Krishna
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Siddhika Pareek
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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