Evaluation of salivary levels of visfatin in obese patients with chronic periodontitis

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on salivary visfatin and serum lipid levels in obese patients with chronic periodontitis

Aim: Periodontal diseases are prevalent and can be exacerbated by conditions such as obesity. Understanding the impact of obesity on periodontal health is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on salivary visfatin levels and serum lipid levels in chronic periodontitis patients with or without obesity. Methods: A total of 40 patients aged between 20 to 50 years were enrolled in the study. Group 1 (obese group) included 20 chronic periodontitis patients with obesity while Group 2 (non-obese group) included 20 chronic periodontitis patients without obesity. Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), salivary visfatin, and serum lipid levels were measured before and six weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Statistical tests were done to analyze the data in the study. Results: Mean GI scores, mean PD scores, and mean CAL scores were significantly reduced before and 6 weeks after NSPT in both groups (p < 0.05). The mean salivary visfatin levels also demonstrated a statistically significant reduction between the obese and non-obese groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mean serum lipid levels significantly differed before and 6 weeks after NSPT in the obese group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The current study suggests a significant correlation between GI, PD, CAL, salivary visfatin, and serum lipid levels in the obese group following NSPT.

Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Periodontitis: A Clinical and Biochemical Analysis

Introduction Obesity is the excessive deposition of body fat in relation to lean body mass. In this research, its relation to periodontitis has been analysed using clinical and biochemical parameters. The current study assessed the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis using salivary visfatin levels. Materials and methods Sixty participants (33 males and 27 females) were categorised into three different groups according to BMI: group 1: normal weight (n=20); group 2: overweight (n=20); and group 3: obese (n=20). Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Salivary samples were collected and assessed for salivary visfatin levels with the aid of a human visfatin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results were assessed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The PPD, CAL, and salivary visfatin levels were higher in group 3, followed by groups 2 and 1, and were statistically significant (p=0.000). The correlation between visfatin and PPD (r=0.962) and visfatin and CAL (r=0.978) was strongly positive and statistically significant. Conclusion This study demonstrates a strong positive correlation between BMI and periodontitis. Moreover, salivary visfatin can be considered a diagnostic marker for periodontal diseases.

Correlation of salivary visfatin levels in obese and NON-OBESE population with periodontal status

Background

Visfatin is an inflammatory adipokine that has been linked to obesity and plays a key function in immune response modulation. It's also been proposed that it's a pro-inflammatory marker for periodontitis. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the salivary Visfatin levels in obese and non-obese population and correlate with the periodontal status.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 individuals aged between 21 and 35 years (Group 1: n = 20, non-obese and Group 2: n = 20, obese) were enrolled in this case-control study. Clinical parameters such as periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) was recorded. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected and the samples were assayed for Visfatin using human Visfatin ELISA kit. The results were analysed using SPSS Software, Version 23.0. Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the clinical parameters and salivary Visfatin level between both the groups. Also, Spearman's rank correlation test was done for correlation of BMI with salivary Visfatin levels and clinical parameters.

Results

The salivary Visfatin level was higher in group 2 (33.1070 ± 0.81 ng/mL) as compared to group 1 (22.2310 ± 1.33 ng/mL). Moderate positive statistically significant association was found between BMI and Visfatin (r = 0.738, p = 0.000). Also when Visfatin and PPD and CAL were correlated, moderate positive statistically significant association was found (r = 0.625, p = 0.000 and r = 0.630, p = 0.000).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that there exists a positive correlation between BMI and salivary Visfatin and BMI and periodontal parameters including probing depth and clinical attachment level. This illustrates that salivary Visfatin may be a potential marker for periodontal inflammation in obese population.

Serum and salivary adipokines in type 2 diabetes - Results of a pilot study in India

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Association of serum and salivary adiponectin, apelin, visfatin and vaspin were studied in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Asian Indians. Their concentrations in periodontitis were also studied.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional analysis, men and women aged ≥35 years, with no history of diabetes, were screened for ≥3 risk factors for T2DM (n = 615). Eligible persons underwent a 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test and were categorized as Group A (Normal and Impaired Glucose Tolerant, n = 65) and Group B (Incident T2DM, n = 25). Screening for periodontitis was done. Saliva samples were collected in the morning. Participants refrained from food intake for about 2 hours prior to collection . Serum and saliva were stored for analysis.

RESULTS

Serum adiponectin was low (p = 0.006) in T2DM and correlated with its salivary levels (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). Serum apelin levels were similar, but salivary concentrations were higher (p = 0.014) in T2DM. Higher serum (p = 0.016) and salivary (p = 0.03) visfatin levels were seen in T2DM. Vaspin levels showed no significant difference in the two groups, either in blood or saliva. Serum adipokines did not differ in the presence of periodontitis. In saliva, higher vaspin (p = 0.034) and lower visfatin (p = 0.018) concentrations were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The selected adipokines were measurable in saliva, in lower concentrations. Salivary adiponectin and visfatin measurements may be useful in studies on T2DM.

Is periodontal inflamed surface area associated with serum and salivary levels of IL-1β, visfatin, and omentin-1 in overweight/obese patients?

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary and serum interleukin (IL)-1β, visfatin, and omentin-1 in the relationship between periodontal disease and overweight/obesity as well as to reveal the possible role of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) in this association.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ninety-six individuals (69 females, 27 males) were divided into 4 groups as systemically healthy (H) and non-periodontitis (HnP, n = 23), systemically healthy and periodontitis (HP, n = 24), overweight/obese (O) and non-periodontitis (OnP, n = 25), and overweight/obese and periodontitis (OP, n = 24). Periodontal parameters were measured, and PISA was calculated. IL-1β, visfatin, and omentin-1 levels in saliva and serum samples were analysed.

RESULTS

Periodontal parameters deteriorated, salivary and serum IL-1β and visfatin levels were increased, and omentin-1 levels were decreased in OnP and OP groups, compared to HnP and HP groups. Salivary and serum IL-1β and visfatin levels were increased and omentin-1 levels were decreased in periodontitis groups, compared to HnP and OnP groups. PISA was negatively correlated with salivary omentin-1 and positively correlated with salivary and serum visfatin in H and O groups, whereas a positive relationship was found between PISA and salivary and serum IL-1β in H group.

CONCLUSIONS

PISA may be negatively associated with salivary omentin-1, while positively correlated with salivary and serum visfatin in overweight/obese patients.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Co-evaluation of PISA and adipokines seems to be an innovative approach to evaluate the association between periodontitis and overweight/obesity.