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Lee JE, Kang DH, Kim SY, Kim DK, Lee SI. Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of Older Patients with COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2024; 87:145-154. [PMID: 38368903 PMCID: PMC10990616 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2023.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are particularly severe in older adults with a disproportionate number of severe and fatal outcomes. Therefore, this integrative review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics, management approaches, and prognosis of older patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Common clinical presentations in older patients include fever, cough, and dyspnea. Additionally, preexisting comorbidities, especially diabetes and pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, were frequently observed and associated with adverse outcomes. Management strategies varied, however, early diagnosis, vigilant monitoring, and multidisciplinary care were identified as key factors for enhancing patient outcomes. Nonetheless, the prognosis remains guarded for older patients, with increased rates of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and mortality. However, timely therapeutic interventions, especially antiviral and supportive treatments, have demonstrated some efficacy in mitigating the severe consequences in this age group. In conclusion, while older adults remain highly susceptible to severe outcomes from COVID-19, early intervention, rigorous monitoring, and comprehensive care can play a pivotal role in improving their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Kang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yun Kim
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Ki Kim
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang B, Andraweera P, Elliott S, Mohammed H, Lassi Z, Twigger A, Borgas C, Gunasekera S, Ladhani S, Marshall HS. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:232-239. [PMID: 36730054 PMCID: PMC9935239 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections have raised concerns for public health policies to manage epidemics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the age-specific proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected persons globally by year of age. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, medRxiv and Google Scholar on September 10, 2020, and March 1, 2021. We included studies conducted during January to December 2020, before routine vaccination against COVID-19. Because we expected the relationship between the asymptomatic proportion and age to be nonlinear, multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression (QR decomposition) with a restricted cubic spline was used to model asymptomatic proportions as a function of age. RESULTS A total of 38 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 6556 of 14,850 cases were reported as asymptomatic. The overall estimate of the proportion of people who became infected with SARS-CoV-2 and remained asymptomatic throughout infection was 44.1% (6556/14,850, 95% CI: 43.3%-45.0%). The predicted asymptomatic proportion peaked in children (36.2%, 95% CI: 26.0%-46.5%) at 13.5 years, gradually decreased by age and was lowest at 90.5 years of age (8.1%, 95% CI: 3.4%-12.7%). CONCLUSIONS Given the high rates of asymptomatic carriage in adolescents and young adults and their active role in virus transmission in the community, heightened vigilance and public health strategies are needed among these individuals to prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- From the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Prabha Andraweera
- From the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Salenna Elliott
- From the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hassen Mohammed
- From the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zohra Lassi
- From the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Shamez Ladhani
- Immunisation Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Siobhan Marshall
- From the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Fazil M, Nikhat S. Therapeutic and palliative role of a Unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115526. [PMID: 35843408 PMCID: PMC9281408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of 'Unnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868-1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered. AIMS OF THE STUDY We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism. METHODOLOGY We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded. OBSERVATIONS A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections. CONCLUSION The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazil
- Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute for Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, Jamia Millia Islamia Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sadia Nikhat
- Dept. of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Yang S, Tong Y, Chen L, Yu W. Human Identical Sequences, hyaluronan, and hymecromone ─ the new mechanism and management of COVID-19. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:15. [PMID: 35593963 PMCID: PMC9120813 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created formidable damage to public health and market economy. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants has exacerbated the transmission from person-to-person. Even after a great deal of investigation on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is still rampaging globally, emphasizing the urgent need to reformulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we review the latest research progress of COVID-19 and provide distinct perspectives on the mechanism and management of COVID-19. Specially, we highlight the significance of Human Identical Sequences (HIS), hyaluronan, and hymecromone ("Three-H") for the understanding and intervention of COVID-19. Firstly, HIS activate inflammation-related genes to influence COVID-19 progress through NamiRNA-Enhancer network. Accumulation of hyaluronan induced by HIS-mediated HAS2 upregulation is a substantial basis for clinical manifestations of COVID-19, especially in lymphocytopenia and pulmonary ground-glass opacity. Secondly, detection of plasma hyaluronan can be effective for evaluating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Thirdly, spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 may bind to hyaluronan and further serve as an allergen to stimulate allergic reaction, causing sudden adverse effects after vaccination or the aggravation of COVID-19. Finally, antisense oligonucleotides of HIS or inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis (hymecromone) or antiallergic agents could be promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Collectively, Three-H could hold the key to understand the pathogenic mechanism and create effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tong
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Statsenko Y, Al Zahmi F, Habuza T, Almansoori TM, Smetanina D, Simiyu GL, Neidl-Van Gorkom K, Ljubisavljevic M, Awawdeh R, Elshekhali H, Lee M, Salamin N, Sajid R, Kiran D, Nihalani S, Loney T, Bedson A, Dehdashtian A, Al Koteesh J. Impact of Age and Sex on COVID-19 Severity Assessed From Radiologic and Clinical Findings. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:777070. [PMID: 35282595 PMCID: PMC8913498 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.777070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 in patients of different ages and sex are limited. Existing studies have mainly focused on the pediatric and elderly population. Objective Assess whether age and sex interact with other risk factors to influence the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and Methods The study sample included all consecutive patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and who were treated from 24 February to 1 July 2020 in Dubai Mediclinic Parkview (560 cases) and Al Ain Hospital (605 cases), United Arab Emirates. We compared disease severity estimated from the radiological findings among patients of different age groups and sex. To analyze factors associated with an increased risk of severe disease, we conducted uni- and multivariate regression analyses. Specifically, age, sex, laboratory findings, and personal risk factors were used to predict moderate and severe COVID-19 with conventional machine learning methods. Results Need for O2 supplementation was positively correlated with age. Intensive care was required more often for men of all ages (p < 0.01). Males were more likely to have at least moderate disease severity (p = 0.0083). These findings were aligned with the results of biochemical findings and suggest a direct correlation between older age and male sex with a severe course of the disease. In young males (18–39 years), the percentage of the lung parenchyma covered with consolidation and the density characteristics of lesions were higher than those of other age groups; however, there was no marked sex difference in middle-aged (40–64 years) and older adults (≥65 years). From the univariate analysis, the risk of the non-mild COVID-19 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in midlife adults and older adults compared to young adults. The multivariate analysis provided similar findings. Conclusion Age and sex were important predictors of disease severity in the set of data typically collected on admission. Sexual dissimilarities reduced with age. Age disparities were more pronounced if studied with the clinical markers of disease severity than with the radiological markers. The impact of sex on the clinical markers was more evident than that of age in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Statsenko
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Yauhen Statsenko, ; Fatmah Al Zahmi, ; Jamal Al Koteesh,
| | - Fatmah Al Zahmi
- Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Yauhen Statsenko, ; Fatmah Al Zahmi, ; Jamal Al Koteesh,
| | - Tetiana Habuza
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb M. Almansoori
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Darya Smetanina
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gillian Lylian Simiyu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha Awawdeh
- Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Martin Lee
- Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nassim Salamin
- Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruhina Sajid
- Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhanya Kiran
- Mediclinic Parkview Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antony Bedson
- Radiology Department, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jamal Al Koteesh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Radiology Department, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Yauhen Statsenko, ; Fatmah Al Zahmi, ; Jamal Al Koteesh,
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6
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Nekaeva ES, Bolshakova AE, Malysheva ES, Galova EA, Makarova EV, Nekrasova TA, Polyakova IV, Bedretdinova ZS, Belikina DV, Lavrenyuk AA, Fomin IV. Gender Characteristics of the Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Middle-Aged Adults. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:16-24. [PMID: 34603760 PMCID: PMC8482831 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.4.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the gender-related specifics of the COVID-19 course in patients under 55 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Nekaeva
- Head of the Admission and Consultation Department, University Clinic; Specialist in Internal Diseases, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - A E Bolshakova
- Specialist in Assessing Pharmacological Prescriptions, Admission and Consultation Department, University Clinic; Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E S Malysheva
- Assistant, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Endocrinologist, Admission and Consultation Department, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E A Galova
- Deputy Director for Science, University Clinic; Associate Professor, Department of Public Health and Healthcare; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E V Makarova
- Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases; Deputy Director for Academic Affairs, Institute of Internal Diseases; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - T A Nekrasova
- Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - I V Polyakova
- Assistant, Vogralik Department of Advanced Internal Medicine and General Medical Practice; Specialist in Internal Diseases, Consultative and Diagnostic Department with Radiation Diagnostics and Day Hospital, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Z S Bedretdinova
- Specialist in Internal Diseases, Consultative and Diagnostic Department with Radiation Diagnostics and Day Hospital, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D V Belikina
- Assistant, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - A A Lavrenyuk
- Student, Medical Faculty; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - I V Fomin
- Professor, Head of the Vogralik Department of Advanced Internal Medicine and General Medical Practice; Director of the Institute of Internal Diseases; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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7
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Liu L, She J, Bai Y, Liu W. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Differences in Hematological Parameters Between Adults and Children. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3035-3047. [PMID: 34234532 PMCID: PMC8254608 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s313860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic, posing a huge threat to human health, and the current epidemic prevention situation is still severe. Hematological parameters directly reflect the damage of SARS-CoV-2 to human blood cells, which can better assess the severity and prognosis of patients infected with COVID-19, but hematological parameters have some differences between adults and children. This article comprehensively reviews the differences in hematological parameters between adults and children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Birth Defects Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatong She
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Bai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Birth Defects Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Birth Defects Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Baran Ketencioğlu B, Yiğit F, Almadqa M, Tutar N, Yılmaz İ. Non-Infectious Diseases Compatible With COVID-19 Pneumonia. Cureus 2020; 12:e9989. [PMID: 32983689 PMCID: PMC7511072 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the definitive diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is mainly made by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), some PCR-negative cases are diagnosed typically by a computed tomography (CT) scan's radiology. However, there are many different infectious and non-infectious diseases that have radiology like COVID-19. We are presenting a case of a patient having symptoms and a CT scan radiology comparable to that of COVID-19 and also having eosinophilia. The patient was initially diagnosed and treated as a COVID-19 patient. The patient stated that she had always complained of having dyspnea and cough, but it had increased even more in the past few days. Her thorax CT revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities with upper lobe predominance, which was reported as highly compatible with COVID-19 by radiologists. COVID-19 PCR result was negative twice. In laboratory results, eosinophil count was 2,850/mm3 and total Ig was 768 IU/mL. However, when the laboratory values and the radiological findings were combined with the patient’s history, COVID-19 was excluded and the chronic eosinophilic pneumonia was accepted as a diagnosis. Clinicians more focused on COVID-19 while questioning the patients and while evaluating the laboratory and the radiological findings make it easier to miss other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Assessing the complete blood count result, focusing on the lymphocyte value, also makes it easy to skip eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Yiğit
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TUR
| | - Mohammed Almadqa
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TUR
| | - Nuri Tutar
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TUR
| | - İnsu Yılmaz
- Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TUR
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