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Antiviral effects of Korean Red Ginseng on human coronavirus OC43. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:329-336. [PMID: 36217314 PMCID: PMC9534539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng Meyer is a medicinal plant well-known for its antiviral activities against various viruses, but its antiviral effect on coronavirus has not yet been studied thoroughly. The antiviral activity of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) and ten ginsenosides against Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) was investigated in vitro. Methods The antiviral response and mechanism of action of KRG extract and ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2-20 (R) and -20 (S), Rg3-20 (R) and -20 (S), and Rh2-20 (R) and -20 (S), against the human coronavirus strain OC43 were investigated by using plaque assay, time of addition assay, real-time PCR, and FACS analysis. Results Virus plaque formation was reduced in KRG extract-treated and HCoV-OC43-infected HCT-8 cells. KRG extract decreased the viral proteins (Nucleocapsid protein and Spike protein) and mRNA (N and M gene) expression, while increased the expression of interferon genes. Conclusion KRG extract exhibits antiviral activity by enhancing the expression of interferons and can be used in treating infections caused by HCoV-OC43.
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Ficociello B, Giordano D, Incoronato F, Farinella A, Pietrangeli B. WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual: A New Approach to Security. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 67:425-429. [PMID: 36495279 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The paper aims to highlight the new indications introduced in the 4th edition of the “Laboratory Biosafety Manual” of World Health Organization. The authors propose a new vision to improve biosafety and biosecurity in the laboratory aligned with the technical standards ISO 35001:2019 “Biorisk management for laboratories and other related organizations” and ISO 45001:2018 “Occupational health and safety management systems—Requirements with guidelines for use” framework. The current edition has a more innovative approach compared to the previous ones, more attention is given to training awareness and providing skills, to promote the culture of safety by adopting an approach based on risk analysis, rather than the prescriptive approach that has been used previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ficociello
- Department of Technological Innovations, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Federica Incoronato
- Department of Technological Innovations, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Farinella
- Department of Technological Innovations, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) , Rome , Italy
| | - Biancamaria Pietrangeli
- Department of Technological Innovations, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) , Rome , Italy
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Al Huraimel K, Alhosani M, Gopalani H, Kunhabdulla S, Stietiya MH. Elucidating the role of environmental management of forests, air quality, solid waste and wastewater on the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2022; 3:100006. [PMID: 37519421 PMCID: PMC9095661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2022.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing frequency of zoonotic diseases is amongst several catastrophic repercussions of inadequate environmental management. Emergence, prevalence, and lethality of zoonotic diseases is intrinsically linked to environmental management which are currently at a destructive level globally. The effects of these links are complicated and interdependent, creating an urgent need of elucidating the role of environmental mismanagement to improve our resilience to future pandemics. This review focused on the pertinent role of forests, outdoor air, indoor air, solid waste and wastewater management in COVID-19 dissemination to analyze the opportunities prevailing to control infectious diseases considering relevant data from previous disease outbreaks. Global forest management is currently detrimental and hotspots of forest fragmentation have demonstrated to result in zoonotic disease emergences. Deforestation is reported to increase susceptibility to COVID-19 due to wildfire induced pollution and loss of forest ecosystem services. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 like viruses in multiple animal species also point to the impacts of biodiversity loss and forest fragmentation in relation to COVID-19. Available literature on air quality and COVID-19 have provided insights into the potential of air pollutants acting as plausible virus carrier and aggravating immune responses and expression of ACE2 receptors. SARS-CoV-2 is detected in outdoor air, indoor air, solid waste, wastewater and shown to prevail on solid surfaces and aerosols for prolonged hours. Furthermore, lack of protection measures and safe disposal options in waste management are evoking concerns especially in underdeveloped countries due to high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Inadequate legal framework and non-adherence to environmental regulations were observed to aggravate the postulated risks and vulnerability to future waves of pandemics. Our understanding underlines the urgent need to reinforce the fragile status of global environmental management systems through the development of strict legislative frameworks and enforcement by providing institutional, financial and technical supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al Huraimel
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company - Bee'ah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Alhosani
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company - Bee'ah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hetasha Gopalani
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company - Bee'ah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shabana Kunhabdulla
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company - Bee'ah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Hashem Stietiya
- Division of Consultancy, Research & Innovation (CRI), Sharjah Environment Company - Bee'ah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Naeem W, Zeb H, Rashid MI. Laboratory biosafety measures of SARS-CoV-2 at containment level 2 with particular reference to its more infective variants. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022; 4:11-14. [PMID: 34977531 PMCID: PMC8713415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel betacoronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) is a pathogen that causes deadly respiratory disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of this disease has increased in the last few months affecting 257,832,881 people in 221 countries and 51,68,069 deaths worldwide according to Worldometer at 04:03 GMT on November 22, 2021. Thus, the emergence of this disease creates a challenge for health care providers in handling this pathogen and reducing its risk of transmission. In developing countries, this virus is treated in biosafety level 2 laboratories, where a high concentration of pathogen can easily affect the laboratory staff and cause the spread of this disease. Based on the epidemiology and characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus already discussed in recent studies, we will provide biosafety guidelines and suggestions for safe handling and transportation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in dealing with the current pandemic situation with a focus on increased infectivity of emerging new variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid
- Corresponding author: Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
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5
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Rasool G, Riaz M, Abbas M, Fatima H, Qamar MM, Zafar F, Mahmood Z. COVID-19: Clinical laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of novel coronavirus infected patients using molecular, serological and biochemical markers: A review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221115316. [PMID: 35840546 PMCID: PMC9289644 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a novel coronavirus disease, has provoked a variety of health and safety concerns, and socioeconomic challenges around the globe. The laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was quickly established utilizing nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAAT) after the disease causing virus has been identified, and its genetic sequence has been determined. In addition to NAAT, serological tests based on antibodies testing against SARS-CoV-2 were introduced for diagnostic and epidemiologic studies. Other biochemical investigations include monitoring of peripheral blood cells count, platelets/lymphocyte ratio, coagulation profile, cardiac, and inflammatory markers such as cytokines storm are also crucial in combating COVID-19 pandemic. Further, accurate and reliable laboratory results for SARS-CoV-2 play very important role in the initiation of early treatment and timely management of COVID-19 patients, provide support in clinical decision-making process to control infection, and detection of asymptomatic cases. The Task Force on Coronavirus-19 constituted by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) has recognized informational framework for epidemiology, pathogenesis, and recommended the PCR-based analysis, serological and biochemical assays for analysis, monitoring, and management of disease. This literature review provides an overview of the currently used diagnostic techniques in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and management of COVID-19 patients. We concluded that each assays differ in their performance characteristics and the utilization of multiple techniques is necessary for the accurate diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, 66971University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, 66971University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, (Jhang Campus) Pakistan
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, 66724University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farzana Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, 66724University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, 72594Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ghoshal U, Garg A, Vasanth S, Arya AK, Pandey A, Tejan N, Patel V, Singh VP. Assessing a chip based rapid RTPCR test for SARS CoV-2 detection (TrueNat assay): A diagnostic accuracy study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257834. [PMID: 34644333 PMCID: PMC8513858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 testing is required before admission of a patient in the hospitals, invasive procedures, major and minor surgeries etc. Real Time Polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard test for the diagnosis, but requires well equipped biosafety laboratory along with trained manpower. In this study we have evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of novel TrueNat molecular assay for detecting SARS CoV-2. TrueNat is a chip-based real time PCR test and works on portable, light weight, battery powered equipment and can be used in remote areas with poor infrastructure. In this study 1807 patients samples were collected for both TrueNat and RTPCR COVID-19 testing during study period. Of these 174 (9.7%) and 174 (15%) were positive by RTPCR and TrueNat respectively and taking results of RTPCR as gold standard TrueNat test showed a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 69.5, 90.9% and 89.2% respectively. It can be concluded that TrueNat is a simple, easy to use, good rapid molecular diagnostic test for diagnosis of COVID-19 especially in resource limited settings and will prove to be a game changer of molecular diagnostics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Atul Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Shruthi Vasanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Akshay K. Arya
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikram P. Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Pawar SD, Khare AB, Keng SS, Kode SS, Tare DS, Singh DK, More RL, Mullick J. Selection and application of biological safety cabinets in diagnostic and research laboratories with special emphasis on COVID-19. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:081401. [PMID: 34470433 PMCID: PMC8371692 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health emergency. Adherence to biosafety practices is mandatory to protect the user as well as the environment, while handling infectious agents. A biological safety cabinet (BSC) is the most important equipment used in diagnostic and research laboratories in order to safeguard the product, the person, and the environment. The World Health Organization has emphasized the use of validated BSCs in order to ensure quality of the results. There are different classes of BSCs that are used in various work environments based on the need. It is imperative to use appropriate levels of biosafety and types of BSCs in laboratories based on the risk assessment of the pathogen used. During the development of COVID-19 laboratories and training of laboratory staff, we came across several queries about the functions and selection of BSCs and realized that the knowledge about the detailed information on selections and applications of BSCs is scanty. There are several guidelines regarding the biosafety aspects for diagnostic and research laboratories handling infectious pathogens from national and international agencies. However, there is no detailed information on the use of appropriate types of BSCs and their functions in the context of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In view of this, the present paper describes in detail the selection and applications of BSCs, which could be useful for laboratories handling or planning to handle SARS-CoV-2 and suspected samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay B. Khare
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial
Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021,
India
| | - Sachin S. Keng
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial
Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021,
India
| | - Sadhana S. Kode
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial
Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021,
India
| | - Deeksha S. Tare
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial
Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021,
India
| | - Dinesh K. Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial
Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021,
India
| | - Ramesh L. More
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology-Mumbai Unit
(Formerly Enterovirus Research Center), Haffkine Institute Compound,
Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Jayati Mullick
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial
Containment Complex, 130/1, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021,
India
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Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Dheeman S, Karn SK, Patel LD, Yi DK, Nanda SS. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of coronavirus disease: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:243-266. [PMID: 34151679 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1944103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and subsequently, declared a pandemic. As of 3 June 2021, 172,493,290 individuals have acquired COVID-19 and 3,708,334 patients have died worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.Areas covered: This review explores epidemiology; virology; pathogenesis; genomic variations; mode of transmission; clinical occurrence; diagnosis; and treatment with antiviral agents, antibiotics, and supportive therapies. It covers a nanotechnology-based treatment approach and emphasizes the importance of herbal and marine antiviral drugs. The review attempts to explain current advances in research, prevention, and control of COVID-19 spread through artificial intelligence and vaccine development status under cosmopolitan consideration.Expert opinion: While COVID-19 research is advancing at full capacity, the discovery of drugs or vaccines that can fight the pandemic is necessary. Human survival in such a critical situation will be possible only with the development of strong immunity by opting for exercise, yoga, and consumption of hygienic food and beverages. Therefore, education about COVID-19 lethality and its impact on livelihood is important. The pandemic has also shown positive effects on the environment, such as a significant reduction in environmental pollution and global warming and improvement in river water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shrivardhan Dheeman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - L D Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Sharda School of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
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9
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Bowolaksono A, Lestari F, Satyawardhani SA, Kadir A, Maharani CF, Paramitasari D. Analysis of Bio-Risk Management System Implementation in Indonesian Higher Education Laboratory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5076. [PMID: 34064865 PMCID: PMC8151126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developing countries face various challenges in implementing bio-risk management systems in the laboratory. In addition, educational settings are considered as workplaces with biohazard risks. Every activity in a laboratory facility carries many potential hazards that can impact human health and the environment and may cause laboratory incidents, including Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs). In an effort to minimize the impact and occurrence of these incidents, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of a bio-risk management system in every activity that involves handling biological agents. This study was conducted in an Indonesian higher-education institution, herein coded as University Y. This is a descriptive, semi-quantitative study aimed at analysing and evaluating the implementation of the bio-risk management systems used in laboratories by analysing the achievements obtained by each laboratory. The study used primary data that were collected using a checklist which referred to ISO 35001:2019 on Laboratory Bio-risk Management. The checklist consisted of 202 items forming seven main elements. In addition, secondary data obtained from literature and document review were also used. The results show that out of 11 laboratories examined, only 2 laboratories met 50% of the requirements, which were Laboratory A and B, achieving good performance. Regarding the clauses of standards, a gap analysis identified leadership, performance evaluation, and support as elements with the lowest achievement. Therefore, corrective action should be developed by enhancing the commitment from management as well as improving documentation, policy, education and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anom Bowolaksono
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Disaster Risk Reduction Centre (DRRC), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; (F.L.); (S.A.S.); (A.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Fatma Lestari
- Disaster Risk Reduction Centre (DRRC), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; (F.L.); (S.A.S.); (A.K.); (D.P.)
- Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Kadir
- Disaster Risk Reduction Centre (DRRC), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; (F.L.); (S.A.S.); (A.K.); (D.P.)
- Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Cynthia Febrina Maharani
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Public Health Faculty, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Debby Paramitasari
- Disaster Risk Reduction Centre (DRRC), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; (F.L.); (S.A.S.); (A.K.); (D.P.)
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10
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Implementation of Bio-Risk Management System in a National Clinical and Medical Referral Centre Laboratories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052308. [PMID: 33652769 PMCID: PMC7956505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing threats from biological agents have become a concern in laboratories, and emerging infectious diseases have demanded increased awareness and preparedness of laboratory facilities. Bio-risk assessment is needed to provide a framework for organisations to establish a comprehensive bio-risk management system. The assessment criteria should include both biosafety and biosecurity measures. Laboratories in Indonesia play a significant role in public health interventions in term of disease screening, diagnosis and medical decision making. The National Clinical and Medical Referral Centre Laboratories have the potential of daily exposures to dangerous biological materials. This study aims to identify the gap between bio-risk management system implementation and International Standard Organisation (ISO) 35001:2019 requirements. The 202 items in ISO 35001:2019 are categorized into seven main elements. The findings show that more than half of the elements on ISO 35001:2019 have been implemented in these centres. Good performance was identified at lab 4 and 5 which obtained the highest scores, particularly in the context of organisation, planning, operation and improvement elements. However, the widest gap was found in leadership, support and performance evaluation. One way to address this would be to create written rules and regulations at the laboratory top management level to require all laboratory facilities to comply to the bio-risk policies, rules, and regulations.
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Majumdar S, Verma R, Saha A, Bhattacharyya P, Maji P, Surjit M, Kundu M, Basu J, Saha S. Perspectives About Modulating Host Immune System in Targeting SARS-CoV-2 in India. Front Genet 2021; 12:637362. [PMID: 33664772 PMCID: PMC7921795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.637362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus induced disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a type of common cold virus responsible for a global pandemic which requires immediate measures for its containment. India has the world's largest population aged between 10 and 40 years. At the same time, India has a large number of individuals with diabetes, hypertension and kidney diseases, who are at a high risk of developing COVID-19. A vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2, may offer immediate protection from the causative agent of COVID-19, however, the protective memory may be short-lived. Even if vaccination is broadly successful in the world, India has a large and diverse population with over one-third being below the poverty line. Therefore, the success of a vaccine, even when one becomes available, is uncertain, making it necessary to focus on alternate approaches of tackling the disease. In this review, we discuss the differences in COVID-19 death/infection ratio between urban and rural India; and the probable role of the immune system, co-morbidities and associated nutritional status in dictating the death rate of COVID-19 patients in rural and urban India. Also, we focus on strategies for developing masks, vaccines, diagnostics and the role of drugs targeting host-virus protein-protein interactions in enhancing host immunity. We also discuss India's strengths including the resources of medicinal plants, good food habits and the role of information technology in combating COVID-19. We focus on the Government of India's measures and strategies for creating awareness in the containment of COVID-19 infection across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Verma
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Avishek Saha
- Ubiquitous Analytical Techniques, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pradipta Maji
- Biomedical Imaging and Bioinformatics Lab, Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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12
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Natesan S, Bhatia R, Sundararajan A, Dhama K, Malik YS, Vora K. Ramping up of SARS CoV-2 testing for the diagnosis of COVID-19 to better manage the next phase of pandemic and reduce the mortality in India. Virusdisease 2020; 31:432-440. [PMID: 32837973 PMCID: PMC7413832 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, a new member of the Coronavirus family. The virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, where the epidemic originated. The viral genome was sequenced and a real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used for the detection of virus. Different countries took different approaches for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Some countries prioritized extensive testing for COVID-19 at a very early phase of the pandemic whereas other countries took a long time to build the testing capacity and to implement the testing extensively. The assay design formats were available in the public domain and thereby allowing researchers to replicate them to make diagnostic kits. Consequently, several antigen or antibody-based diagnostic tests were also developed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, there were some validation and regulatory challenges while bringing these assays into the market. During the course of the pandemic, it became clear that the countries which implemented testing at an early stage of the pandemic were capable of controlling the spread more effectively than those that implemented them at later stages. As several countries implemented a lockdown for controlling the spread of the virus, it is critical to build the testing capability to meet the extensive need of testing while exiting the lockdown. Testing and isolation of positive cases are the most effective ways of preventing the spread of virus and gradually returning life back to normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042 India
- Biomac Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Sargasan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382421 India
| | - Ragini Bhatia
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042 India
| | - Aarthi Sundararajan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042 India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
| | - Kranti Vora
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042 India
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13
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Pawar SD, Kode SS, Keng SS, Tare DS, Abraham P. Steps, implementation and importance of quality management in diagnostic laboratories with special emphasis on coronavirus disease-2019. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:243-251. [PMID: 33154231 PMCID: PMC7709653 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A well-established and functional quality management system is an integral part of any diagnostic laboratory. It assures the reliability and standards of the laboratory function. A pandemic situation such as that caused by the influenza H1N1 2009 virus or the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) increases the demands on the public health system, and the need to build, upgrade and expand the number of diagnostic laboratories. The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 unleashed a public health emergency of an unprecedented scale. The need has been highlighted for the accreditation of tests relating to COVID-19 by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) or any agencies approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) or Indian Council of Medical Research. The implementation of quality system in diagnostic laboratories would ensure accurate, reliable and efficient test results at par with the international standards. The functional aspects of a laboratory such as a well-defined organogram, standard operating procedures, good laboratory practices, quality controls, human resources, equipment management, reagents, inventory of records, proper communication need to be addressed to assure quality. Biosafety considerations should include the guidelines laid out by the WHO, the Institutional Biosafety Committee and the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for carrying out diagnostic work in the laboratory. Currently, there are 1922 laboratories, operational for COVID-19 diagnosis in India. Considering the urgency of testing, the NABL has expedited the process of accreditation and issued accreditation to 818 laboratories. The adherence to the practicable aspects of quality described in this article would help in establishing quality in COVID-19 testing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh D. Pawar
- Poliovirus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana S. Kode
- Poliovirus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin S. Keng
- Poliovirus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeksha S. Tare
- Poliovirus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priya Abraham
- The Director, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Strengthening of Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 with a Special Focus on India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.spl1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus initially reported in Wuhan, China, is the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Symptoms of the disease comprise of fever, tiredness, dry cough, aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhoea and pneumonia at the late stage. SARS-CoV-2 has severely crippled the healthcare system and has caused huge economic losses. Following the outbreak, the SARS-CoV-2 was recognized timely and its genome was sequenced, leading to the development of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for its detection in clinical samples collected from suspected cases. The management of the pandemic is limited by a number of misconceptions and insufficient information about laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 to confirm the disease. This includes a lack of awareness about procedures for the collection, transport, testing, and handling of biological samples for COVID diagnosis. This article provides an overview of the current laboratory diagnostic methods with a purpose to provide information and guidance to laboratories, stakeholders, broader community and especially public health professionals involved in laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2.
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15
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Mishra DK, Goel G, Arora N, Krishnan S, Bhattacharya S, Mathur P, Walia K, Chandy M. The importance of intra- and inter-institutional networks for capacity building in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction services: experience from an oncology centre in eastern India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:9-17. [PMID: 32719203 PMCID: PMC7706412 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput, accurate, cost-effective and rapid testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is the need of the hour in face of the global coronavirus disease pandemic. This target is achievable, within a relatively short time through capacity building of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests by utilising the strengths of intra and inter institutional networks. These networks act as force multiplier for vital resources which are required for capacity building, namely, leadership, expertise, equipment, space, infection control inputs and human resources. In this article, we report the experience of capacity building for delivery of RT-PCR tests for SARS CoV-2 from a cancer hospital in Eastern India. The relevance, mode of operation and value addition of this essential public health service are discussed in the context of inter departmental collaboration and interaction with other institutes through the existing diagnostic, surveillance and infection control networks. This networking model for service development and delivery could be used by other centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurav Goel
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Arora
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Lab Hematolology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shekhar Krishnan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Translational Cancer Research Center, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNA Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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