1
|
Peña-Corona SI, Vargas-Estrada D, Juárez-Rodríguez I, Retana-Márquez S, Mendoza-Rodríguez CA. Bisphenols as promoters of the dysregulation of cellular junction proteins of the blood-testis barrier in experimental animals: A systematic review of the literature. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23416. [PMID: 37352109 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Daily, people are exposed to chemicals and environmental compounds such as bisphenols (BPs). These substances are present in more than 80% of human fluids. Human exposure to BPs is associated with male reproductive health disorders. Some of the main targets of BPs are intercellular junction proteins of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in Sertoli cells because BPs alter the expression or induce aberrant localization of these proteins. In this systematic review, we explore the effects of BP exposure on the expression of BTB junction proteins and the characteristics of in vivo studies to identify potential gaps and priorities for future research. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of articles. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. In most studies, animals treated with bisphenol-A (BPA) showed decreased occludin expression at all tested doses. However, bisphenol-AF treatment did not alter occludin expression. Cx43, ZO-1, β-catenin, nectin-3, cortactin, paladin, and claudin-11 expression also decreased in some tested doses of BP, while N-cadherin and FAK expression increased. BP treatment did not alter the expression of α and γ catenin, E-cadherin, JAM-A, and Arp 3. However, the expression of all these proteins was altered when BPA was administered to neonatal rodents in microgram doses. The results show significant heterogeneity between studies. Thus, it is necessary to perform more research to characterize the changes in BTB protein expression induced by BPs in animals to highlight future research directions that can inform the evaluation of risk of toxicity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Vargas-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Juárez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Departamento Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian F, Li Q, Shi L, Li J, Shi M, Zhu Y, Li H, Ge RS. In utero bisphenol AF exposure causes fetal Leydig cell dysfunction and induces multinucleated gonocytes by generating oxidative stress and reducing the SIRT1/PGC1α signals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 447:116069. [PMID: 35605789 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is one of the primary alternatives of bisphenol A. It has been ubiquitously detected in the environment and is an emerging endocrine disrupting compound. However, the effects of BPAF exposure on fetal Leydig cells and germ cells and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To this end, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10, 50, and 200 mg/kg/d BPAF by gavage from gestational days 14 to 21. The neonatal rats were sacrificed on day 1 at birth. The results showed that serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased at 50 and 200 mg/kg/d, the expression of Scarb1, Star, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, and Dhh and their proteins were markedly down-regulated at 50 and 100 mg/kg/d. BPAF exposure also significantly increased the incidence of multinucleated gonocytes at 200 mg/kg/d. We further detected significant increase of testicular malondialdehyde levels and reduction of antioxidants, including SOD1, SOD2, and CAT at 50 and/or 200 mg/kg/d. Furthermore, BPAF markedly reduced the levels of SIRT1 and PGC1α at 200 mg/kg/d while significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation in the testes at 50 and 200 mg/kg/d. In conclusion, our results provide novel in vivo data that BPAF can induce fetal Leydig cell dysfunction by interfering with steroidogenic networks and induce the formation of multinucleated gonocytes after suppressing the antioxidant defense system and reducing SIRT1 and PGC1α signals and increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK, which highlights the potential health risk of environmental exposure to BPAF in inducing male reproductive tract malformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's, Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's, Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Mengna Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's, Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's, Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's, Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's, Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Šturm S, Weber K, Klinc P, Spörndly-Nees E, Fakhrzadeh A, Knific T, Škibin A, Fialová V, Okazaki Y, Razinger T, Laufs J, Kreutzer R, Pogačnik M, Švara T, Cerkvenik-Flajs V. Basic Exploratory Study of Bisphenol A (BPA) Dietary Administration to Istrian Pramenka Rams and Male Toxicity Investigation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050224. [PMID: 35622638 PMCID: PMC9143511 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical and environmental pollutant, has been reported by many researchers to induce male reproductive toxicity in different experimental models. In this study, we investigated whether long-term exposure for two months to 25 µg/kg body weight (low dose) of BPA affects spermatogenesis or sperm quality in young Istrian Pramenka rams exposed via diet. We evaluated body and testicular weights, histopathology of testes and epididymides, and sperm analyses, and compared these parameters between the group of treated rams and the control group of rams. Although there were some differences between the two groups, these differences were not large or statistically significant. The only statistically significant difference was the lower epithelial height of seminiferous tubules in treated rams, compared to control rams. In addition to assessing toxicity, BPA concentrations in the blood plasma of treated rams were determined after the first administration, and the toxicokinetic parameters of total BPA were calculated. In this study, no major signs of altered reproduction in rams were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Šturm
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaus Weber
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (K.W.); (Y.O.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Primož Klinc
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Ellinor Spörndly-Nees
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7011, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Azadeh Fakhrzadeh
- Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) Tehran Province, No. 1090, Enghelab, Tehran 13157 73314, Iran;
| | - Tanja Knific
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Andrej Škibin
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Věra Fialová
- Biopharm, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří-Chotouň 90, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic;
| | - Yoshimasa Okazaki
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (K.W.); (Y.O.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Tanja Razinger
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (K.W.); (Y.O.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Jürgen Laufs
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (K.W.); (Y.O.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kreutzer
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (K.W.); (Y.O.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Milan Pogačnik
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Tanja Švara
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Vesna Cerkvenik-Flajs
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva Ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (T.K.); (A.Š.); (M.P.); (T.Š.); (V.C.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Osman HEH, ELSahra DG, Alamin AA, El-Kenawy AEM, Salem RR. Costus root extract improves testicular toxicity of Bisphenol A in adult male albino rats: histopathological, ultrastructural and biochemical studies. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bisphenol A (BPA) causes environmental pollution and is used as a natural antioxidant to protect against chemical side-effects. Costus is a well-known medicinal plant containing several biologically active compounds. We investigated the protective effects of costus extract against the toxic effects of BPA in the rat testes.
Results
Biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations revealed that bisphenol reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and plasma testosterone levels and significantly increased P53. Co-administration of costus root extract with BPA improved the depletion of antioxidant enzymes, returned testosterone to normal levels, and improved P53 alternations. Histological and ultrastructural examinations showed that BPA reduced body and testicular weights, and the degeneration of seminiferous tubule germ cells, and the use of costus root extract with BPA attenuated these toxic effects.
Conclusions
Costus protects rat testes against the toxic effects of BPA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhardwaj JK, Kumar V, Panchal H, Sachdeva SN. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of glyphosate induced cytotoxicity and its attenuation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in caprine testicular germ cells in vitro. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:407-413. [PMID: 34698588 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1993400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural pesticide poisoning is currently the most thrust area of human health concern. Pesticide-induced cytotoxicity and the corresponding reproductive toxicity in today's scenario is not a concealed reality that has to be considered for the continuation of respective race. Here, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique was employed to investigate the adverse impact of glyphosate (GLY) and its mitigation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in goat testicular germ cells under in vitro conditions. The ultrastructural observations of testicular tissue from GLY-treated groups at different concentrations (0.1 and 4 mg/ml) and exposure durations (8 and 12 h) revealed that this organophosphate herbicide induced different apoptotic characteristics in testicular germ cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, NAC (10 mM), being a potent antioxidant, was found to mitigate GLY-induced cytotoxicity in testicular cells as evidenced by fewer apoptotic characteristics in GLY plus NAC-treated groups, suggesting its beneficial potential in alleviating the GLY-induced gonadotoxicity in males.Abbreviations: GLY (Glyphosate), NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine), TEM (Transmission electron microscopic), GE (genetic engineered), Organophosphate (OPs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Harish Panchal
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Som Nath Sachdeva
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra and Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ribeiro YM, Weber AA, Paschoalini AL, Moreira DP, Sales CF, Almeida TVPD, Neres MA, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Biomarker responses induced by bisphenol A on spermatogenesis in a Neotropical teleost fish are temperature-dependent. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112670. [PMID: 34418853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound used in the plastic industry with endocrine disrupting activity. Although it is frequently found in surface waters, few studies have investigated its impact on fish gametogenesis, particularly when associated with natural stressors. In this regard, the present study evaluated BPA toxicity on spermatogenesis in the lambari Astyanax bimaculatus under controlled conditions and its interactive effects with water temperature. Adult specimens were exposed in duplicate to 40 μg/L and 400 μg/L BPA at 23 °C and 28 °C for 21 days; the control group did not receive BPA. Testicular samples were collected and analyzed using different cellular and molecular techniques. The results showed a significant reduction in the gonadosomatic index in the BPA-treated groups at both temperatures. A decrease in the testicular levels of 11-ketotestosterone was observed in the 400 μg/L BPA group at 23 °C, 17β-estradiol increased significantly in the treated groups at 28 °C, and vitellogenin showed no difference between the treatments. The morphometric analysis of spermatogenesis revealed a significant increase in the proportion of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells in the treated groups, with a higher proportion at 23 °C than at 28 °C. Otherwise, the proportion of spermatozoa was significantly lower in the BPA-treated groups, with a greater reduction at 23 °C. In addition, BPA also stimulated spermatogonial proliferation in the treated groups, but apoptosis was significantly increased in spermatids at 23 °C. Testis-ova, cell degeneration, and chromatin alterations in spermatids and Sertoli cells were observed in the germinal epithelium of the BPA-treated groups. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index revealed that the analyzed endpoints are suitable for assessing estrogenic contamination. Taken together, our results indicate that the interactive effects of BPA and temperature contribute to the impairment of spermatogenesis in A. bimaculatus with more severe effects observed on sperm production at 23 °C than at 28 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Alberto Weber
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Ferreira Sales
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais Victória Pires de Almeida
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mirra Angelina Neres
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sencar L, Coskun G, Şaker D, Sapmaz T, Tuli A, Özgür H, Polat S. Bisphenol A decreases expression of Insulin-like factor 3 and induces histopathological changes in the Testes of Rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:314-327. [PMID: 33973500 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211014097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical agent known to have detrimental reproductive and developmental effects. The tissue-specific impacts of BPA exposures and target tissues sensitiveness to BPA are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the short- and long-term dose-dependent toxic effects of BPA on rat testes. Forty-eight Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups each containing 12 rats. To induce toxicity, BPA was administered orally at three different dosages (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 14 and 28 days, respectively. Testis tissues were examined using light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical methods. Serum testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured. Additionally, insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) as a marker of Leydig cell function was evaluated immunohistochemically. Groups administered high doses of BPA showed severe degenerations such as testicular atrophy, spermatogenic arrest, and interstitial edema in testis. Also, a significant decrease in INSL3 immunoreactivity and serum LH and T levels was found. The results indicated that both increased exposure time and dosage of BPA caused more serious detrimental effects on testes in the rat. Decreased INSL3 and T levels was evidence of Leydig cell function impairment due to BPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leman Sencar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulfidan Coskun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dilek Şaker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Sapmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tuli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hülya Özgür
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sait Polat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balci A, Ozkemahli G, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Histopathologic, apoptotic and autophagic, effects of prenatal bisphenol A and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on prepubertal rat testis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20104-20116. [PMID: 32239407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) used in a wide variety of industrial products as plasticizers. Exposure to EDCs, particularly in mixtures, in prenatal and early postnatal periods may lead to unwanted effects and can cause both developmental and reproductive problems. In this study, we aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to BPA and/or DEHP on testicular histology, apoptosis, and autophagic proteins. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3) were divided into four groups (control, BPA (50 mg/kg/day), DEHP (30 mg/kg/day), and BPA (50 mg/kg/day) + DEHP (30 mg/kg/day)) and dosed by oral gavage during pregnancy and lactation. The male offspring (n = 6) from each group were chosen randomly, and their testicular examinations were performed on the twelfth week. The results showed that fetal and neonatal exposure to BPA and DEHP could lead to significant testicular histopathological alterations and cause increases in apoptosis markers (as evidenced by increases in caspase 3 and caspase 8 levels; increased TUNEL-positive spermatogonia and TUNEL-positive testicular apoptotic cells) and autophagic proteins (as evidenced by increased LC3 and Beclin levels and decreased p62 levels) in testicular tissue. We can suggest that EDCs cause more dramatic changes in both testicular structure and cell death when there is combined exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Balci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ozkemahli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yersal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banihani SA. Mechanisms of honey on testosterone levels. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02029. [PMID: 31321328 PMCID: PMC6612531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is an anabolic steroid and the principal sex hormone in males. Maintaining adequate levels of testosterone throughout the life span of male is very desirable, especially it is now well-known that low levels of testosterone is associated with various aging diseases/disorders. Therefore, still, so many research studies have focused on enhancing serum levels of testosterone in males. Here, we intended to systematically discuss and present the impact of honey on serum levels of testosterone in males. This was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases for research articles from May 1993 through April 2019 using the keywords “honey” and “honeybee” versus “testosterone”. Moreover, references from relevant published articles were also reviewed and cited to frame an integral discussion, conclusion, and future research needs. In conclusion, the collective evidence, which is mainly based on in vivo system studies, reveals that oral administration of honey increases serum testosterone level in males. Mechanistically, honey may increase serum level of testosterone by increasing the production of luteinizing hormone, enhancing the viability of Leydig cells, reducing oxidative damage in Leydig cells, enhancing StAR gene expression, and inhibiting aromatase activity in the testes. However, further research studies on humans, mainly clinical trials, in this specific research approach are still needed to confirm the effect of honey on testosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Endocrine disruptors of inhibiting testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:90-97. [PMID: 30826252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) is a steroidogenic enzyme, catalyzing the conversion of 3β-hydroxysteroids into 3-keto-steroids. Two distinct isoforms in the human are cloned, HSD3B1 and HSD3B2, and HSD3B2 is located in the testis. HSD3B2 is a two-substrate enzyme, which binds to cofactor NAD+ and a 3β-steroid. Many endocrine disruptors, including industrial compounds (phthalates, bisphenols, and perfluoroalkyl substances), insecticides and biocides (organochlorine insecticides and organotins), food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole, resveratrol, gossypol, flavones, and isoflavones), and drugs (etomidate, troglitazone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and ketoconazole) inhibit testicular HSD3B, possibly interfering with androgen synthesis. In this review, we discuss the distinct testicular isoform of HSD3B, its gene, chemistry, subcellular location, and the endocrine disruptors that directly inhibit testicular HSD3B and their inhibitory modes.
Collapse
|