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Zhang Y, He X, Ge Z, Wang B, Ni M, Cai G. Investigating the differential therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at various passages in osteoarthritis treatment. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102499. [PMID: 39126832 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) from different passages (P3, P8, and P13) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and explore the underlying mechanisms. The hUC-MSCs from each passage were characterized and evaluated for their stemness, migration, proliferation, and marker expression. Rats with OA were treated with hUC-MSCs from each passage, and the therapeutic effects were assessed based on knee swelling, discomfort, and pathological examination of the knee joint. Co-culture experiments were conducted to examine the ability of hUC-MSCs to stimulate type II collagen synthesis and inhibit MMP13 expression in chondrocytes. Telomere length and telomerase activity of hUC-MSCs from each passage were measured to investigate the reasons for the observed differences in clinical efficacy. The results revealed that P3 and P8 hUC-MSCs exhibited superior osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential compared to P13, while P13 demonstrated stronger adipogenic differentiation. The wound healing rate was significantly higher in the P3 and P8 groups compared to P13. All hUC-MSC groups expressed high levels of CD90 and CD105, indicating their mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, while CD31 and CD45 were not expressed. CD105 expression was significantly reduced in the P13 group. In the treatment of rat osteoarthritis, there were no significant differences in knee swelling, discomfort, Mankin scores, and pathological findings between P3 and P8 hUC-MSC treatments. However, there was a significant difference between the 8th and 13th passages. Co-culture experiments showed that hUC-MSCs from P3 and P8 enhanced type II collagen synthesis and reduced MMP13 expression in chondrocytes. Although no significant difference was observed between the P3 and P8 groups, a significant difference was found between the P13 and P8 groups. Telomere length analysis revealed that P13 samples had significantly shorter telomeres compared to both P3 and P8. The telomerase activity was positive in P3 and P8 hUC-MSCs, indicating no significant difference between these passages, while it was negative in P13 hUC-MSCs. In conclusion, P3 and P8 hUC-MSCs exhibited superior therapeutic potential for knee osteoarthritis compared to P13, possibly due to their enhanced differentiation capacity and telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City 201508, PR China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai City 200032, PR China
| | - Xianwei He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City 201508, PR China
| | - Zhe Ge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City 201508, PR China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City 201508, PR China
| | - Miaozhong Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City 201508, PR China
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City 201508, PR China.
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Subramanian A, Bhogoju S, Snaith O, Miller AD, Newell H, Wang D, Siegal G, Oborny K, Baumann-Berg J, Viljoen H. Continuous Low-Intensity Ultrasound Improves Cartilage Repair in Rabbit Model of Subchondral Injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:357-366. [PMID: 38318848 PMCID: PMC11040182 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Subchondral drilling (SD), a bone marrow stimulation technique, is used to repair cartilage lesions that lack regenerative potential. Cartilage repair outcomes upon SD are typically fibrocartilaginous in nature with inferior functionality. The lack of cues to foster the chondrogenic differentiation of egressed mesenchymal stromal cells upon SD can be attributed for the poor outcomes. Continuous low-intensity ultrasound (cLIUS) at 3.8 MHz is proposed as a treatment modality for improving cartilage repair outcomes upon marrow stimulation. Bilateral defects were created by SD on the femoral medial condyle of female New Zealand white rabbits (n = 12), and the left joint received cLIUS treatment (3.8 MHz, 3.5 Vpp, 8 min/application/day) and the contralateral right joint served as the control. On day 7 postsurgery, synovial fluid was aspirated, and the cytokine levels were assessed by Quantibody™ assay. Rabbits were euthanized at 8 weeks and outcomes were assessed macroscopically and histologically. Defect areas in the right joints exhibited boundaries, incomplete fill, irregular cartilage surfaces, loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and absence of chondrocytes. In contrast, the repaired defect area in the joints that received cLIUS showed complete fill, positive staining for GAG with rounded chondrocyte morphology, COL2A1 staining, and columnar organization. Synovial fluid collected from cLIUS-treated left knee joints had lower levels of IL1, TNFα, and IFNγ when compared to untreated right knee joints, alluding to the potential of cLIUS to mitigate early inflammation. Further at 8 weeks, left knee joints (n = 12) consistently scored higher on the O'Driscoll scale, with a higher percent hyaline cartilage score. No adverse impact on bone or change in the joint space was noted. Upon a single exposure of cLIUS to TNFα-treated cells, nuclear localization of pNFκB and SOX9 was visualized by double immunofluorescence and the expression of markers associated with the NFκB pathway was assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. cLIUS extends its chondroprotective effects by titrating pNFκB levels, preventing its nuclear translocation, while maintaining the expression of SOX9, the collagen II transcription factor. Our combined results demonstrate that healing of chondral defects treated with marrow stimulation by SD can be accelerated by employing cLIUS regimen that possesses chondroinductive and chondroprotective properties. Impact statement Repair of cartilage represents an unsolved biomedical burden. In vitro, continuous low-intensity ultrasound (cLIUS) has been demonstrated to possess chondroinductive and chondroprotective potential. To our best knowledge, the use of cLIUS to improve cartilage repair outcomes upon marrow stimulation, in vivo, has not been reported and our work reported here fills that gap. Our results demonstrated enhanced cartilage repair outcomes under cLIUS (3.8 MHz) in a rabbit model of subchondral injury by subchondral drilling. Enhanced repair stemmed from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in vivo and the subsequent synthesis of articular cartilage-specific matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Subramanian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama-Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarayu Bhogoju
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama-Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Oraine Snaith
- Life Sciences Annex, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - April D. Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Heather Newell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Denzhi Wang
- Life Sciences Annex, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gene Siegal
- Life Sciences Annex, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katelin Oborny
- Life Sciences Annex, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jesse Baumann-Berg
- Life Sciences Annex, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hendrik Viljoen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Mastrolia I, Giorgini A, Murgia A, Loschi P, Petrachi T, Rasini V, Pinelli M, Pinto V, Lolli F, Chiavelli C, Grisendi G, Baschieri MC, Santis GD, Catani F, Dominici M, Veronesi E. Autologous Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Driving Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Model of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102127. [PMID: 36297562 PMCID: PMC9610232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive degenerative disease that ultimately requires a total hip replacement. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), particularly the ones isolated from bone marrow (BM), could be promising tools to restore bone tissue in ONFH. Here, we established a rabbit model to mimic the pathogenic features of human ONFH and to challenge an autologous MSC-based treatment. ON has been originally induced by the synergic combination of surgery and steroid administration. Autologous BM-MSCs were then implanted in the FH, aiming to restore the damaged tissue. Histological analyses confirmed bone formation in the BM-MSC treated rabbit femurs but not in the controls. In addition, the model also allowed investigations on BM-MSCs isolated before (ON-BM-MSCs) and after (ON+BM-MSCs) ON induction to dissect the impact of ON damage on MSC behavior in an affected microenvironment, accounting for those clinical approaches foreseeing MSCs generally isolated from affected patients. BM-MSCs, isolated before and after ON induction, revealed similar growth rates, immunophenotypic profiles, and differentiation abilities regardless of the ON. Our data support the use of ON+BM-MSCs as a promising autologous therapeutic tool to treat ON, paving the way for a more consolidated use into the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Giorgini
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alba Murgia
- Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, 41037 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Rasini
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Pinto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Lolli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Baschieri
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Santis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Catani
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, 41037 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, 41037 Modena, Italy
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Cheng J, Sun Y, Ma Y, Ao Y, Hu X, Meng Q. Engineering of MSC-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Cell-Free Therapy for Osteoarthritis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080739. [PMID: 36005656 PMCID: PMC9413347 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration with increasing prevalence and unsatisfactory treatment efficacy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in alleviating OA by promoting cartilage regeneration, inhibiting synovial inflammation and mediating subchondral bone remodeling without the risk of immune rejection and tumorigenesis. However, low yield, weak activity, inefficient targeting ability and unpredictable side effects of natural exosomes have limited their clinical application. At present, various approaches have been applied in exosome engineering to regulate their production and function, such as pretreatment of parental cells, drug loading, genetic engineering and surface modification. Biomaterials have also been proved to facilitate efficient delivery of exosomes and enhance treatment effectiveness. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the biogenesis, isolation and characterization of natural exosomes, and focus on the large-scale production and preparation of engineered exosomes, as well as their therapeutic potential in OA, thus providing novel insights into exploring advanced MSC-derived exosome-based cell-free therapy for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yixin Sun
- Peking Unversity First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100034, China;
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Q.M.); Tel.: +86-010-8226-5680 (Q.M.)
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China; (J.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (Q.M.); Tel.: +86-010-8226-5680 (Q.M.)
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