Sleep Quality and Body Composition Variations in Obese Male Adults after 14 Weeks of Yoga Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of exercise on sleep quality in general population: Meta-analysis and systematic review

PURPOSE

Sleep is the foundation of human physiological health and psychological health, as well as one of the basic needs for human survival. Sleep quality problems are prevalent in the population, and poor sleep quality is often closely related to the occurrence of many diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life and may even result in a shortened lifespan, so that improving sleep health has become a real problem that needs to be solved urgently. Exercise, as an important non-pharmacological tool, has been widely used for sleep quality enhancement, while the efficacy of exercise on subjective and objective sleep with respect to individual sleep quality remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of exercise on subjective sleep quality and objective sleep efficiency in a non-athlete population, and to further rank the effectiveness of exercise types to provide appropriate means of exercise to improve sleep.

METHODS

This study was evaluated by literature search in five databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EBSCO, and paired meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and stata16.0.

RESULTS

A total of 7494 studies were retrieved, and 81 eligible randomized controlled trials involving 6193 subjects were finally included. The primary outcome metrics included subjective sleep quality (PSQI), and the secondary outcome was objective sleep efficiency (SE), of which 65 reported PSQI and 23 reported SE. The results of paired meta-analysis showed that exercise significantly decreased PSQI [MD = -1.77, (95 % CI = -2.28,-1.25),P < 0.05] and increased SE [MD = 4.81, (95 % CI = 2.89,6.73),P < 0.05]. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that body and mind exercise [MD = -2.28, (95 % CI = -3.19,-1.36),P < 0.05, SUCRA = 85.6] may be the best exercise to improve PSQI, and aerobic exercise [MD = 5.02, (95 % CI = 2.52,7.52),P < 0.05, SUCRA = 75.1] is most likely to be the best type of exercise to improve SE. In regression analyses, there was a moderating effect of exercise cycle (β = -0.25 [0.40, 0.46], SE = 0.10 [P = 0.015, R2 = 0.24]) and age (β = -0.20 [-0.04, -0.01, SE = -2.06 [P = 0.039,R2 = 0.16]) as moderators of objective sleep efficiency.

CONCLUSION

Exercise is effective in improving both subjective and objective sleep quality. Body and mind exercise, aerobic exercise, and aerobic combined with resistance exercise may be the preferred way to improve sleep, and the longer the exercise cycle, the more obvious the improvement in sleep effect, the improvement effect will gradually decrease with age.

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Yoga Practice in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review

Physical activity has been documented as a foundational approach for weight management and obesity, improving several cardiometabolic and mental health indices. However, it is not clear whether yoga practice can induce beneficial improvements in anthropometric and body composition parameters, performance, metabolic health, and well-being among overweight/obese people. The aim of this topical review was to catalog training studies examining the psychophysiological responses to yoga interventions in order to detect which outcomes have been investigated, the research methods applied, and the conclusions. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 22 published articles involving 1178 (56% female) overweight/obese participants. This brief review on yoga-induced adaptations demonstrates that this widely used meditative movement activity can meaningfully improve the vast majority of the selected markers. These beneficial alterations are focused mostly on various anthropometric and body composition variables, cardiovascular disease risk factors, physical fitness parameters, quality of life, and stress in previously inactive overweight/obese individuals. Instead, yoga-based physical exercise interventions investigating anxiety, depression, mood state, exercise enjoyment, affect valence, and adherence were limited. Further research should focus on the yoga intervention configuration and potential mechanisms behind favorable changes in various psychophysiological indices through large-scale, rigorously designed randomized controlled trials implementing long-term interventions in overweight/obese individuals.

Effects of Yoga on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Without Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide public health problem. Although it has been empirically established that physical activity is a promising therapeutical approach to the prevention and management of T2DM, the effectiveness of yoga on T2DM has not yet reached an agreement across studies and also needs an updated synthetic examination.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of yoga training on diabetes-related indicators compared with usual care.

Methods

The review protocol of this study has been registered in the PROSPERO with a registration number CRD42021267868. A systematic literature search through electronic databases was conducted to identify yoga-based intervention (i.e., randomized controlled trial [RCT]; e.g., yogic postures, movements, breathing, and meditation) studies reporting outcomes on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and body mass index (BMI). A number of two researchers manually reviewed and assessed each article using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. The literature search identified 296 eligible entries, of which 13 were finalized after screening using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted data (group mean and standard deviation at posttest) were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Finally, potential moderators were explored using subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis.

Results

The standardized mean difference for the effects of yoga was significant on HbA1c (MD = -0.47; 95%CI: -0.77, -0.16; Z = 3.02, p = 0.003), FBG (SMD = -0.92; 95%CI: -1.55, -0.29; Z = 2.87, p = 0.004), PPBG (SMD = -0.53; 95%CI: -0.86, -0.21; Z = 3.20, p = 0.001), and TG (SMD = -0.32; 95%CI: -0.54, -0.10; Z = 2.86, p = 0.004). However, yoga effect was not observed on TC (SMD = -0.84; 95%CI: -1.71, 0.04; Z = 1.87, p = 0.06) and BMI (MD = -0.63; 95%CI: -1.42, 0.16; Z = 1.57, p = 0.12).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that yoga can improve the biochemical indices of blood glucose and the lipid profile of patients with T2DM. Therefore, yoga can be prescribed as an effective and active complementary treatment for T2DM. However, this study only tested yoga as a short-term treatment. In the future, rigorous RCTs with a larger sample size may be carried out to examine the long-term effect of yoga on T2DM.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=267868, identifier: CRD42021267868.

Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM project

AIMS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the biochemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week. Both the groups were followed up for a period of 3 months. Anthropometric, biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and after follow up.

RESULTS

There was a significant reduction in BMI, blood glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid levels, IL6, TNFα and TBARS in Yoga group as compared to non-Yoga group. There was marked improvement in the levels of Adiponectin, PTGIS and sleep quality among subjects practising yogasanas.

CONCLUSION

Regular practice of yogasanas improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Hence, Yogasanas can be used as an adjuvant therapy for managing type 2 diabetes.

Yoga practice to improve sleep quality and body composition parameters of obese male - a randomized controlled trial

Background Globally obesity increase is a big challenge. Obesity causes many non-communicable diseases. Options to control obesity are in search. Aim: To assess the outcome of 3 months follow-up period, after 14 weeks yoga intervention, for body composition and sleep quality parameters on obese male in urban setting. Materials and methods Design: Parallel group RCT (randomized controlled trial) on obese male. The two groups were yoga and control groups, with yoga (n = 37, age 40.03 ± 8.74), control (n = 35, age 42.20 ± 12.06). The IAYT (integrated approach of yoga therapy) training was given to yoga group for 14 weeks, and the unsupervised yoga practice was continued by the subjects at their home, for further 3 months. Training was 1.5 hour daily for 5 days in a week, which included the IAYT module of Suryanamaskara Asana Pranayama and relaxation. No yoga activity but walking etc. for the same time, was given to control group. Body composition parameters were assessed through BIA (bioelectrical impedance) method using InBody R 20 model. The sleep quality was assessed using PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index). Within group and between group analysis were performed, using SPSS version 21. The correlation analysis was carried out on the difference in pre follow-up values. Results During the follow-up period within the group, the body composition parameters improved and the parameters of quality of sleep showed trends of improvement. Also some of the gain obtained during 14 weeks intervention was lost during follow-up period. Conclusions The changes observed may indicate the long-term benefits of yoga practice for control of obesity in urban setting for males.

"Mind" in Betel-quid Use and Related Disorders

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a unique predisposing state called oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Wide variety of carcinogenic insult in the form of detrimental habits can contribute to the causation of variety of OPMDs.1,2.