In vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidepressant activity of green synthesized azomethine derivatives of cinnamaldehyde

The state and trends of cinnamaldehyde research over the past three decades: a bibliometric and visualized analysis

OBJECTIVES

As an aromatic aldehyde, Cinnamaldehyde (CAL) is the representative bioactive component of cinnamon, possessing extensive applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and feed. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the state and trends of CAL research via bibliometric and visualized analysis.

METHODS

Research on CAL was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, and knowledge graphs were created employing CiteSpace software. Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 6205 articles published from 1994 to 2023.

KEY FINDINGS

The findings indicate a steadily growing trend in the quantity of papers published on CAL. The collaborative network visualization analysis has determined that China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Kumar Venkitanarayanan have the highest number of publications among all countries, institutions, and authors, respectively. According to the keyword and cocited reference analysis, the primary research hotspots and frontiers include pharmacological effect, underlying mechanism, chemical structure modification, encapsulation technology, and delivery system, highlighting the cross-disciplinary characteristic of CAL research.

CONCLUSIONS

This study delineates the research hotspots and trends of CAL. Future research should focus on exploring the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of CAL in more depth, optimizing chemical derivatization methods, and refining stimuli-responsive smart release systems of CAL.

Green synthesized hydroxamic acid administered in high dose disrupts the antioxidant balance in the hepatic and splenic tissues of albino rats

Background

Hydroxamic acids are currently being used in diverse biological activities. We investigated the effect of hydroxamic acid, synthesized from Cyperus esculentus seeds, on the antioxidant status of the liver, spleen, and kidney of Wistar rats.

Methods

Twenty male rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups using hydroxamic acid at doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg and a control group using distilled water. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after a seven-day repeated oral dosing. After that, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in the organs.

Results

Our data showed that MDA levels remained unaltered in the liver, spleen, and kidney. However, it was found that hydroxamic acid at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly increased SOD activity but depleted CAT, GPx activities and GSH levels in the liver when compared to the control groups. In splenic tissue, SOD activity and GSH levels were significantly diminished. Contrarily, in the kidney, treatment of rats with 50 mg/kg hydroxamic acid did not affect SOD activity, but GPx activity was increased while GST activity was decreased when compared to the controls.

Conclusion

Overall, hydroxamic acid may enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and kidney. However, caution is required at higher doses to forestall oxidative stress in the hepatic and splenic tissues.