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Gisina A, Kim Y, Yarygin K, Lupatov A. Can CD133 Be Regarded as a Prognostic Biomarker in Oncology: Pros and Cons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17398. [PMID: 38139228 PMCID: PMC10744290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD133 cell membrane glycoprotein, also termed prominin-1, is expressed on some of the tumor cells of both solid and blood malignancies. The CD133-positive tumor cells were shown to exhibit higher proliferative activity, greater chemo- and radioresistance, and enhanced tumorigenicity compared to their CD133-negative counterparts. For this reason, CD133 is regarded as a potential prognostic biomarker in oncology. The CD133-positive cells are related to the cancer stem cell subpopulation in many types of cancer. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of CD133 in the regulation of proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in cancer cells. There is also evidence of its participation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with tumor progression. For a number of malignant tumor types, high CD133 expression is associated with poor prognosis, and the prognostic significance of CD133 has been confirmed in a number of meta-analyses. However, some published papers suggest that CD133 has no prognostic significance or even demonstrate a certain correlation between high CD133 levels and a positive prognosis. This review summarizes and discusses the existing evidence for and against the prognostic significance of CD133 in cancer. We also consider possible reasons for conflicting findings from the studies of the clinical significance of CD133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gisina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Kavitha L, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J, Kattula D, Rao UKM, Balaji Srikanth R, Kuzhalmozhi M, Ranganathan K. Expression of CD44 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma-An In-Silico Study. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:221-228. [PMID: 37593530 PMCID: PMC10431972 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD44, a multistructural and multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, is a promising cancer stem cell (CSC) marker that regulates the properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, tumor initiation, and metastasis, and confers resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gene and protein expression of CD44 and explore its prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methodology The present observational study employs computational tools for analysis. The Cancer Genome Atlas Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma dataset (520 primary HNSCC and 44 normal tissues) from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer platform was used to study the association of CD44 mRNA transcript levels with various clinicopathological characteristics of HNSCC including age, gender, tumor grade, tumor stage, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, p53 mutation status, and overall survival. The CD44 protein expression in HNSCC and normal tissues was ascertained using the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium Head-and-Neck cancer dataset (108 primary HNSCC and 71 normal tissues). Results CD44 mRNA transcript and protein expression levels were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues than in normal tissues, and high CD44 expression was correlated with poor survival. CD44 was upregulated in Stage 1 and Grade 2 HNSCC compared with other stages and grades. Overexpression of CD44 was observed in HPV-negative and TP53-positive mutant status in HNSCC. Conclusion The pleiotropic roles of CD44 in tumorigenesis urge the need to explore its differential expression in HNSCC. The study concludes that CD44 can be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HNSCC and offer new molecular targets for CD44-targeted therapy for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Clinical Genetics Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research (The Blue lab), Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepthi Kattula
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umadevi Krishna Mohan Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajabather Balaji Srikanth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Balaji Dental Clinic, Tambaram West, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manogaran Kuzhalmozhi
- Department of Pathology, Aringnar Anna Memorial Cancer Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Karapettai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Muralidoss H, Muthusekhar MR. Expression of CD24 as Cancer Stem Cell Marker in the Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Prospective Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2023; 13:26-30. [PMID: 37711538 PMCID: PMC10499292 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_227_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and recurrent malignancy. Identification of unique and overexpressed cell surface antigens is important in the diagnosis and development of cancer vaccines and various therapies for OSCC. We have used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the expression of cell surface protein CD24 in both tissue samples and in blood samples to study the clinicopathological features as well as to determine the gene expression profile of CD24 in OSCC and explore its role as a potential target of clinical therapy. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, the expression of CD24 was evaluated in 20 blood (3 ml) and tissue samples of OSCC specimens by quantitative RT-PCR. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was considered <0.05. Results CD24 was found to be upregulated amongst the cases for both the tissue and the blood. CD24 was statistically significant with P < 0.05. Fold change was calculated to assess the quantity of the difference in expression amongst cases when compared to controls. Results were supportive of CD24 being a reliable biomarker, hence blood samples can also be used in screening and diagnosis of OSCC. Discussion CD24 expression is significantly upregulated in blood and tissue samples in OSCC. In addition, CD24 overexpression is highly associated with adverse prognostic parameters such as lymph node involvement, advanced clinical stages and worse overall survival. Our findings have important implications in future practice, overexpression of CD24 in OSCC was associated with poor prognosis correlating to the clinical findings, large-scale comprehensive studies are needed further to confirm our findings. In addition to histological features, CD24 can be used as marker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathy Muralidoss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Muthusekhar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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MYH9 is a novel cancer stem cell marker and prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer that promotes oncogenesis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2085-2094. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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