Association of CYP1A1 M2 (A2455G) Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran: A Case-control Study

CYP1A1 contiguous hypermethylation within a putative CpG block is associated with breast cancer progression: Feasibility to define boundary motives

Having broad specificity for xenobiotics metabolism throughout the body, cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform 1A1 is of key relevance for carcinogenesis. However, the oncogenic potential of its altered transcription and the underlying mechanism has not been well-established in breast cancer. Direct bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) of the CYP1A1 promoter, enriched by 113 CpGs within and flanking the xenobiotic response elements (XREs) 2 to 10, in paired cancerous and normal tissues from 40 breast cancer patients revealed three distinctly methylated patterns; unmethylated (XREs 2 to 6) and completely methylated (XREs 7 and 8) CpGs, in common for the normal and cancerous tissues, and a putative 171bp CpG block (XREs 9 and 10) contiguously hypermethylated in the tumor tissues. Increased transcription of CYP1A1, observed for the cancerous tissues, was correlated with the hypermethylation of given CpG block, besides simultaneously being associated with upregulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2. Clinical value of the methylation changes, investigated based on the comparisons between the tissue cohorts of different clinicopathological features, exhibited gradual hypermethylation of the corresponding CpG block following disease progression as well as lymphatic involvement. Hypermethylation of given CpG block may has potential to be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and progression of breast cancer.

The point mutation analysis of Cyp2C9*2 (Arg144Cys C>T), Cyp2C9*3 (Ile359Leu A>C) and VKORC1 (1639G>A) in women with cervical cancer related to HPV: A case-control study

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. HPV tumorigenesis genotypes are the causative agents of cervical cancer and genital malignancies. The scientific literature has demonstrated that life style, environmental, epigenetic accompanied with HR-HPV genotypes are potential risk factors for cervical cancer progression. The frequencies of the Cyp2C9*² , Cyp2C9*³ , and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) genotypes as potential molecular biomarkers have been investigated on Iranian women with cervical malignancy related to HPV genotypes. As a case-control study, the mutations were appraised using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure on women suffering from HPV infection (60 cases), CC (46 cases), and 40 subjects of as healthy control. The outcomes demonstrated that Cyp2C9*³  showed a meaningful relationship between women diagnosed with cervical cancer and the healthy population (AA vs. AC; OR, 7.15; 95% CI, 1.94-26.3; p = .003). It was also observed that the Cyp2C9*³ mutation in women with cervical cancer and VKORC1 in healthy population with HPV (+), did not follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our findings aid understanding the genetic polymorphism distribution of Cyp2C9*² , Cyp2C9*³ , and VKORC1 in women with genital malignancies. This can also be useful in predicting the susceptibility risk factors for developing cervical cancer. However, allelic discrimination as a molecular biomarker requires further research.