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Detection of 16S rRNA gene for rapid identification of bacterial pathogens causing peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:409-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Evaluation of Multiplex Real-time PCR and WHO Criteria for Diagnosing Childhood Bacterial Meningitis in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) requires prompt and precise diagnosis to provide proper treatment and decline mortality and morbidity. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing BM in children admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Shiraz, southern Iran. Materials: We included all 492 children aged one month to 17 years suspected of meningitis who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis admitted to Nemazi Hospital from August 2016 to September 2017. The CSF specimens were examined for routine analysis, Gram staining, and culture. A multiplex real-time PCR was used to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis in the CSF samples. Seven viruses were also investigated using real-time PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using the WHO criteria and the multiplex real-time PCR results. Results: Seventy-four CSF samples had leukocytosis. Nineteen (22.9%) patients had BM caused by S. pneumoniae (n = 14), Hib (n = 2), Salmonella enterica (n = 2), and N. meningitidis (n = 1). The PCR test detected all cases, except for two with Salmonella meningitis (sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 96%). The WHO criteria detected all cases, except three who received antibiotics at least four days before performing lumbar puncture (sensitivity 84.2%, specificity 98.2%, PPV 94.1%, and NPV 94.7%). Enterovirus was the most common viral etiology (6.75%). Conclusions: The WHO criteria and the multiplex real-time PCR had high accuracy in our setting, and their use could decrease the antibiotic over-prescription in febrile children suspected of meningitis.
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Rashid JIA, Kannan V, Ahmad MH, Mon AA, Taufik S, Miskon A, Ong KK, Yusof NA. An electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles-functionalized reduced graphene oxide screen printed electrode for the detection of pyocyanin biomarker in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111625. [PMID: 33545813 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is known to be a problematic bacterium for being a major cause of opportunistic and nosocomial infections. In this study, reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/rGO) was utilized as a new sensing material for a fast and direct electrochemical detection of pyocyanin as a biomarker of P. aeruginosa infections. Under optimal condition, the developed electrochemical pyocyanin sensor exhibited a good linear range for the determination of pyocyanin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), human saliva and urine at a clinically relevant concentration range of 1-100 μM, achieving a detection limit of 0.27 μM, 1.34 μM, and 2.3 μM, respectively. Our developed sensor demonstrated good selectivity towards pyocyanin in the presence of interfering molecule such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, NADH, glucose, and acetylsalicylic acid, which are commonly found in human fluids. Furthermore, the developed sensor was able to discriminate the signal with and without the presence of pyocyanin directly in P. aeruginosa culture. This proposed technique demonstrates its potential application in monitoring the presence of P. aeruginosa infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vayithiswary Kannan
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research Management and Innovation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Ahmad
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aye Aye Mon
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Safura Taufik
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Centre for Research Management and Innovation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keat Khim Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Leskinen S, Flowers X, Thoene K, Uhlemann AC, Goldman JE, Hickman RA. Meningomyeloencephalitis secondary to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in AIDS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:73. [PMID: 32430060 PMCID: PMC7236527 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rising in global incidence. One emerging, slowly growing NTM is Mycobacterium haemophilum, which can cause skin, lung, bone, and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised patients as well as lymphadenitis in immunocompetent individuals. Detection of this microorganism is difficult using conventional culture-based methods and few reports have documented involvement of this pathogen within the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the neuropathologic autopsy findings of a 39-year-old man with AIDS who died secondary to M. haemophilum CNS infection. He initially presented with repeated bouts of pyrexia, nausea and vomiting, and altered mental status that required numerous hospitalizations. CSF infectious workups were consistently negative. His most recent admission identified hyperintensities within the brainstem by MRI and despite antibiotic therapies for suspected CNS infection, he died. Autopsy revealed a swollen brain with marked widening of the brainstem. Microscopic examination of the brain and spinal cord showed focal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, gliosis and neuronal loss that were associated with acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The brainstem was the most severely damaged and AFB were found to congregate along arterial territories lending support to the notion of hematogenous spread as a mechanism for the organisms’ dissemination. 16S rRNA sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue enabled post-mortem identification of M. haemophilum. This sequencing methodology may permit diagnosis on CSF intra-vitam.
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