A comparative study of sleep quality in different phases of the medical course: A study from Haryana (North India)

Chronotypes and their association with sleep quality among Chinese college students of Anhui Province: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

To describe the prevalence of chronotype and sleep quality among Chinese college students and explore the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Four colleges and universities in Anhui, China, between November and December 2020.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 4768 college students were recruited using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling survey.

OUTCOME MEASURES

Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire 19 was used to determine the chronotype of the students and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure their sleep quality. The multiple logistic regression model was used to explore the potential association between chronotype and sleep quality.

RESULTS

The self-reported proportions of evening-type (E-type), neutral-type and morning-type among college students were 51.17%, 45.14% and 3.69%, respectively. The mean PSQI score was 4.97±2.82 and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 18.2%. After adjusting the covariates by multiple logistic regression analysis, E-type was positively associated with subjective sleep quality (OR=1.671, 95% CI 1.414 to 1.975), sleep latency (OR=1.436, 95% CI 1.252 to 1.647), sleep duration (OR=2.149, 95% CI 1.506 to 3.067), habitual sleep efficiency (OR=1.702, 95% CI 1.329 to 2.180), daytime dysfunction (OR=1.602, 95% CI 1.412 to 1.818) and overall poor sleep quality (OR=1.866, 95% CI 1.586 to 2.196).

CONCLUSIONS

College students mainly exhibited E-type, and an elevated prevalence of poor sleep quality existed among these students. The E-type was positively associated with poor sleep quality.

Sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Rwanda: a comparative study

Despite the abundance of literature highlighting poor sleep quality among medical students and its detrimental impact on their mental well-being and academic performance, no study has been conducted to investigate the sleep quality of undergraduate medical students in Rwanda to date. Therefore, this study sought to determine the magnitude of sleep quality of undergraduate medical students in Rwanda and to compare the scores of seven components of sleep quality across classes. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 undergraduate medical students aged 18-35 years (mean = 24, SD = 2.9) randomly recruited countrywide from 1st November 2021 to 1st March 2022. The questionnaire was self-administered with 2 sections: characteristics of medical students, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Pearson Chi-square test was used to test whether the categories of seven components of sleep quality differ between classes, then ANOVA followed by the post hoc test was used to test if the seven components and global score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index differ between classes. The results revealed that the global PSQI mean score was 7.73 (SD = 2.83), with fifth-year medical students reporting the highest PSQI mean score (M = 8.44, SD = 2.77), followed by first-year (M = 8.15, SD = 3.31). One-way ANOVA showed that the global PSQI score (F = 2.76, p = 0.028), subjective sleep quality (F = 3.35, p = 0.011), habitual sleep efficiency (F = 10.20, p < 0.001), and daytime dysfunction (F = 3.60, p = 0.007) were significantly different across classes. Notably, the post hoc test revealed significant scores differences in the global PSQI score between class II and V (p = 0.026), in subjective sleep quality between class I and II (p = 0.043), and between class I and IV (p = 0.016); habitual sleep efficiency between class V and all other classes (p < 0.001); and daytime dysfunction between class III and IV (p = 0.023). This paper concludes by arguing that poor sleep quality is highly prevalent among medical students in Rwanda, with final and first-year students reporting the poorest sleep quality. There were significant differences across classes in the global PSQI, subjective sleep quality, habitual sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction. Intervention approaches such as sleep education, behavioral changes, and relaxing techniques are recommended to address contributing factors and ultimately maximize the academic goals of Rwandan medical students.

The effect of subjective sleep latency on BMI of medical interns during and before COVID-19 pandemic

OBJECTIVES

Longer subjective sleep latency and eveningness chronotype are associated with higher BMI. Moreover, COVID-19 lockdown changes have been associated with increased BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subjective sleep parameters on BMI of medical interns during and before COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed among medical interns. Bedtime, sleep latency, waking time, sleep duration, and reduced morningness-eveningness scores were evaluated.

RESULTS

There was significant difference between bedtime before (00:11±50) and during (01:10±85) the pandemic in females (p<0.001). The mean circadian score before and during the pandemic showed significant decrease in females (p=0.011). The correlation between BMI with subjective sleep latency in females before and during the pandemic ((r=0.439, p=0.017), (r=0.422, p=0.014)) was significant.

CONCLUSION

COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a change toward nocturnal life among female medical interns. Subjective sleep latency was significantly correlated with BMI in females.