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Nhungo CJ, Angelo J, Macha F, Quinn F, Mtaturu G, Mkony C. Successful surgical excision of the accessory urethra in a 13-year-old boy with Effmann Type IIA-2 urethral duplication. Case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 118:109637. [PMID: 38642431 PMCID: PMC11046068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Urethral duplication is a congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or full development of an auxiliary urethra as a second urethral channel varying in extent and location. The course of treatment for urethral duplication should be individualized for each patient based on the type of anomaly and the existence of symptoms. In most cases, if the ventral orthotopic urethra is normal, excision of the dorsal auxiliary urethra is almost always curative. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with recurrent urinary tract infection, occasionally having drops of urine at an external pin hole meatal opening on the dorsum of the penile shaft. Several investigations were performed to confirm the presence of the dorsal accessory urethra. The patient underwent complete excision of the accessory urethra, and 12 weeks post-surgery the patient was completely asymptomatic. DISCUSSION Urethral duplications are rare anomalies. These anomalies have been classified in various ways in the literature, including sagittal and lateral duplications, dorsal and ventral duplications. The sagittal plane is where the majority of urethral duplications occur. Based on the anatomic variation, clinical presentation and severity of the anomaly, urethral duplication treatment should be customized for each patient. An asymptomatic child may require no specific treatment. Total surgical excision of the dorsal accessory urethra appears to offer the best curative solution. CONCLUSION Excision of the dorsal accessory urethra is usually curative when the ventral orthotopic urethra is normal. Thorough investigation before surgery is mandatory to determine the type of urethral duplication. The most common diagnostic procedures for urethral duplications include cystoscopy, KUB ultrasonography, and micturating cystourethrography. These procedures can help plan surgery, prevent complications such as neurovascular bundle injuries and urine incontinence, and improve patient self-esteem and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles John Nhungo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Joachim Angelo
- Department of Urology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fredrick Macha
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Feargal Quinn
- Department of Surgery, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gabriel Mtaturu
- Department of Urology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Charles Mkony
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Baarimah AA, Dar L, Alshahrani S, Aldhabaan K. Urethral Duplication With Dorsal Chordee: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55444. [PMID: 38567205 PMCID: PMC10986898 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Urethral duplication is a diverse spectrum of disease having multiple anatomic variants. The clinical presentation varies from being asymptomatic to recurrent urinary tract infections. A high level of clinical suspicion and awareness among primary caregivers is needed to make a proper diagnosis. All patients presenting with any sort of penile deformity or abnormality of the urinary stream should be evaluated to rule out this condition. In this case report the patient had presented with the urinary stream being directed towards his abdomen due to abnormal dorsal curvature of the penis which was due to tethering of the accessory urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhareth A Baarimah
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Khamis Mushayt Maternity and Children Hospital (KMMCH), Khamis Mushayt, SAU
| | - Latif Dar
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Abha Maternity and Children Hospital (AMCH), Abha, SAU
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Abha Maternity and Children Hospital (AMCH), Abha, SAU
| | - Khaled Aldhabaan
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Khamis Mushayt Maternity and Children Hospital (KMMCH), Khamis Mushayt, SAU
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Nnabugwu II, Onoh WC, Ukekwe FI, Nwosu EO, Iwenofu CA, Anakebe IN, Nnabugwu CA, Onuh AC. Urethral duplication associated with complex chordee: a narrative review of literature and report of a case. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Urethral duplication (UD) is reportedly rare. It is rarer in females. Knowledge on this anomaly comes from isolated report of cases. The aim of this review is to summarize information available on this anomaly thereby revealing gaps in knowledge, and to appropriately situate a recently managed case.
Methods
Publications on UD in English language from 2001 to 2021 were searched for in the literature. Of importance were age at presentation, class of UD, nature of associated penile deformity and other structural anomalies. Available information was used to synthesize opinions after descriptive analyses using SPSS® version 21 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). In addition, a recently managed case of UD was reported and appropriately situated in the discourse.
Result
In all, 115 articles met the inclusion criteria. Majority (75.7%) were individual case reports, while the rest were retrospective review of case series. These provided a total of 269 reported cases. Of this lot, 38 cases were excluded because they either had no Effmann’s class or were not described well enough for an Effmann’s class to be assigned. Ultimately, 231 cases formed the basis for this review. Male to female ratio was 12:1. Types III and IIB had more females. Types IIA 2 (26.0%), IIA 2 “Y” (26.4%) and IA (22.5%) were frequently reported. About 61.8% males and 68.4% females had no associated defects. Isolated dorsal chordee was prevalent (7.1%), especially among type IA (16.7%) UD. Reported in 10.4%, vesicoureteric reflux may not be attributable always to high pressure voiding.
A boy who presented at the age of 18 years with Effmann type IA UD and an associated complex chordee of the penile shaft was reported. The complex nature of the chordee adds to the challenge of explaining associated penile defects in UD.
Conclusion
UD is rare, but reported from all parts of the globe. There are a number of associated defects involving the external genitalia and other organs reported in UD in the male. The mechanisms of these defects are yet to be fully understood.
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Martins JB, Rosa R, Iglésias LV, Reisinho A, Mestrinho LA. Case report: Post-surgical complication in a case of urethral duplication in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1013270. [PMID: 36504875 PMCID: PMC9732570 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1013270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethral duplication is a rare anomaly observed in veterinary medicine. The surgical techniques described therein are associated with an uneventful recovery. The authors describe a major surgical complication after the correction of urethral duplication in a 2-year-old male Yorkshire terrier. After surgical correction using the perineal approach, the patient developed pollakiuria and urinary retention due to a valve effect caused by the remnant of the dorsal opening of the ectopic urethra. A second procedure, using an abdominopelvic approach, successfully corrected the complication by intraluminal correction of the dorsal urethral wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B. Martins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Rosa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor V. Iglésias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Reisinho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lisa A. Mestrinho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal,*Correspondence: Lisa A. Mestrinho
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Wong JZH. Paediatric perineal skin pit: More than skin deep? ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021; 50:926-928. [PMID: 34985108 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Barnewolt CE, Acharya PT, Aguirre Pascual E, Back SJ, Beltrán Salazar VP, Chan PKJ, Chow JS, Coca Robinot D, Darge K, Duran C, Ključevšek D, Kwon JK, Ntoulia A, Papadopoulou F, Woźniak MM, Piskunowicz M. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography part 2: urethral imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:2368-2386. [PMID: 34386854 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) has been increasingly used as an important imaging tool to assess the urethra in children. The earliest reports of pediatric urethral sonography involved imaging the urethra in a non-voiding state, during physiological voiding of urine, and after instillation of saline. The introduction of US contrast agents has continued to improve visualization of urethral anatomy. Contrast-enhanced US of the urethra can be performed during the voiding phase of a standard contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) exam or with retrograde instillation of a contrast agent, depending on the exam indication. Both techniques are well tolerated by children and provide accurate information about urethral pathology and periurethral soft tissues. This article reviews the technical aspects and imaging findings of urethral pathologies in children using contrast-enhanced US, both by the voiding and retrograde instillation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E Barnewolt
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Patricia T Acharya
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan J Back
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivian P Beltrán Salazar
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pui Kwan Joyce Chan
- Department of Radiology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Jeanne S Chow
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Coca Robinot
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kassa Darge
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmina Duran
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damjana Ključevšek
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jeannie K Kwon
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aikaterini Ntoulia
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Magdalena M Woźniak
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Urethral duplication-Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment in a case series of 19 patients. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:385.e1-385.e9. [PMID: 32197934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urethral duplications are rare congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. Because of their rare occurrence, evidence about epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment is limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, presentation, and treatment of a single large cohort of patients. STUDY DESIGN The authors describe a cohort of 19 consecutive patients with urethral duplications treated at a single referral institution over a 15-year period. Type of duplication, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatments are described. RESULTS 68% of the patients were male, and the age at diagnosis ranged from 0 days to 120 months. The most common type of urethral duplication in this cohort of patients was IIA-2 according to Effmann (26%). Diagnosis was made by healthcare providers in 90% and by the children's mothers in 10% of the patients. Furthermore, 10% of patients presented with urinary tract infections. Only 26% of the patients did not have associated diseases or disorders. Fifteen (79%) patients were treated surgically, with a mean number of 2 (standard deviation 1.6) surgeries per patient. Surgeries were performed ranging between 2 days and 10 years of age. DISCUSSION The authors report one of the largest cohorts of patients with urethral duplication. There was a male preponderance, urinary tract infections were rare, and most patients had associated disorders, which is in line with previous reports. In this cohort, most duplications were discovered by healthcare providers, and a small number of patients did not undergo surgical treatment. The broad spectrum of duplications could be confirmed with type IIA-2 being the most common type. The mean number of two procedures per patient was low compared with previous reports.
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Suoub M, Saleem MM, Sawaqed F. Complete Urethral Duplication: Case Report and Literature Review. Res Rep Urol 2020; 12:15-20. [PMID: 32158721 PMCID: PMC6986538 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s239106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare-congenital anomaly that can affect the genito-urinary system. The aim of this case report is to show our experience in this case, including the investigation and operative techniques that we utilized. In the literature review, we will show that different types of duplication, radiological investigations, and surgical techniques have been used to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Suoub
- Section of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mut'ah University, Karak, Jordan
| | - Mohammad M Saleem
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi Sawaqed
- Section of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mut'ah University, Karak, Jordan
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