Influence of a Low-Carbohydrate and Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Ascorbic Acid, Antioxidants, and Fiber Diet on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Role of ketogenic diet and its effect on the periodontium. A scoping review

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the ketogenic diet and periodontitis, as well as the nature of such relationship. Furthermore, emphasis was given to know whether ketogenic diet causes changes in oral health parameters and more specifically on periodontal health. Studies from 2010 to 2023 were reviewed and analyzed. Databases used to search included PubMed, Mednet, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase. The literature reviewed was limited to randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. Of the eight studies included, three studies found that diets with similarities to the ketone-based diet could have a significant positive impact on periodontal health. One study pointed to the potential positive effect of a diet such as keto, but no definitive conclusion could be made. The current body of evidence concluded that there may be a relationship between keto and periodontitis, although the evidence is not consistent. It can be implied, however, that it is a positive relationship as ketogenic diet has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing inflammatory markers found in many diseases, including periodontitis.

Role of Dietary Fibre in Managing Periodontal Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Studies

BACKGROUND

Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease, that leads to tooth loss and is associated with other systemic diseases. The role of dietary fibre in the prevention and management of periodontal diseases is not well understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess how an intake of dietary fibre affects periodontal diseases in humans and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation.

METHODOLOGY

Human interventional studies investigating the effects of oral fibre intake on various clinical parameters of periodontal diseases were included. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms was performed on the following database: CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus®, and Web of Science Core Collection on 21 October 2021 and updated on 19 February 2023 to identify relevant studies. Articles were filtered using the Covidence© web-based platform software. Data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS

From all databases, a total of 19,971 studies were obtained. Upon title and abstract screening, 101 studies were included for full-text screening. Upon full-text screening, six studies were included for analysis. Of these, five were randomised controlled trials, and one was a sequential feeding trial involving fibre-rich daily diet for a 4-8 weeks period. Fibre-rich dietary intervention significantly reduced Clinical Attachment Loss/Level by 0.48 mm/tooth (95% CI, -0.63 to -0.33, p < 0.001), Bleeding On Probing by 27.57% sites/tooth (95% CI -50.40 to -4.74, p = 0.02), Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by 173.88 mm2 (95% CI -288.06 to -59.69, p = 0.003), Plaque Index by 0.02 (95% CI -0.04 to -0.00, p = 0.04), and Gingival Index by 0.41 (95% -0.67 to -0.16, p= 0.002). A non-significant reduction was observed for Probing Depth (-0.17 mm/tooth; 95% CI, -0.37 to 0.02, p = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS

Fibre-rich dietary interventions are associated with a reduction of clinical and particularly inflammatory markers of periodontal diseases. This shows a promising effect of dietary fibre as an intervention for inflammatory conditions like periodontal diseases.