1
|
Yan DE, Hu L, Shen YF, Lai XY, Zhang MY, Zhou M, Chen C, Liu MM, Wu LT, Liu LQ, Fan QW, Min WL, Wan SC, Zou F, Li J, Cai X, Lei SH, Xiong Y, Yang Y, Yu R, Gao WW, Zhang Y, Chen T. Iodine status and its association with prevalence of thyroid diseases in adults from Jiangxi Province, China. Endocrine 2023; 82:335-342. [PMID: 37308773 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is an essential element for the biosynthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Both excessive and deficient iodine are major risk factors for thyroid diseases, including thyroid dysfunction, thyroid nodules, and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between iodine status and the prevalence of thyroid diseases through a national cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Jiangxi province (China). METHODS This population-based, cross-sectional study enrolled 2636 Chinese local inhabitants who aged over 18 years old from April to August in 2015. Physical examination was performed and biochemical indices, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and TSH level were measured. The Chi-square test, nonparametric test, and 4 multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for risk factors were applied to analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the relationship between iodine intake level and the prevalence of thyroid diseases. RESULTS The median UIC was 176.4 μg/L, and a significant difference was found in median UIC between men (182.45 μg/L) and women (169.25 μg/L) (P = 0.03). Among these study subjects, 14.4%, 44.5%, 26.1%, and 15.0% had deficient, adequate, more than adequate, and excessive iodine concentrations, respectively. The prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, and TAI were 0.91%, 0.57%, 0.34% and 7.89%, 9.45%, and 12.7%, respectively. Significant differences were found in iodine status, waist circumstance, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), TSH, thyroid nodules, and TAI between men and women (P < 0.05). Compared with those with adequate UIC, subjects with excessive UIC had higher prevalence rates of thyroid dysfunction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-2.54) and thyroid nodules (OR = 3.33, 95%CI 1.32-8.42). In addition, subjects with deficient and excessive UIC were at the higher risk of TAI compared with those with adequate UIC (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.19-2.60; OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.04-2.96, respectively). UIC was positively correlated with the prevalence rates of thyroid nodules (r = -0.44, P < 0.01) and TAI (r = -0.055, P < 0.01). On the contrary, UIC was negatively correlated with the risk of thyroid dysfunction (r = -0.24, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Adult inhabitants from Jiangxi province in the TIDE study were in the adequate iodine status. Excessive iodine status was noted as a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction and thyroid nodules. In addition, both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine were risk factors for TAI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di-En Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Ji'an Central Hospital, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun-Feng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Mei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mei-Mei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-Ting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-Qun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi-Wei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Lan Min
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Si-Cong Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shui-Hong Lei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Curí LL, Quesada MDLMR, Despaigne DAN, Savariego EJ, González LC, Konaré DB, Torres ER. References values and predictive factors for thyroid volume in pregnant women. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000656. [PMID: 37364154 PMCID: PMC10660995 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective Thyroid volume varies within each population according to different clinical and biochemical factors and can change during pregnancy. The present investigation was aimed to determine the reference values for thyroid volume in pregnant women and their predictive factors. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 360 healthy pregnant women. The following variables were examined: maternal age, gestational age, skin color, current smoking status, parity, use of iodinated supplements, body mass index, thyrotropin, total and free thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin, antithyroid antibodies, chorionic gonadotropin, cholesterol and triglycerides. Results The mean thyroid volume was 5.3 ± 1.3 mL, 5.4 ± 1.6 mL and 5.6 ± 2.5 mL in the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester, respectively. The reference interval was 2.47-9.49 mL in the first trimester, 3.17-9.01 mL in the second trimester, and 3.00-12.38 mL in the third trimester. Free triiodothyronine and triglycerides were predictors of thyroid volume (corrected R2 = 0.12; p = 0.000). Conclusion This study is the first to determine the reference values for thyroid volume and its predictive factors in pregnant women from Cuba, a Caribbean island with sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Leal Curí
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba,
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - María de Las Mercedes Rubén Quesada
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Instituto Superior de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", La Habana, Cuba
| | - Daysi Antonia Navarro Despaigne
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Esther Jequín Savariego
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Imagenología, Hospital Universitario "Manuel Fajardo", La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lisandro Chávez González
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Drissa Bina Konaré
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Erick Robles Torres
- Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología, La Habana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|