Lamellar macular hole formation following intravitreal bevacizumab injection for choroidal neovascularization by age-related macular degeneration

The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Neovascularization of Chemical Ocular Injury

Aim: Chemical injuries can potentially lead to the necrosis anterior segment of the eye, and cornea in particular. Inflammatory cytokines are the first factors produced after chemical ocular injuries. Inflammation via promoting the angiogenesis factor tries to implement the wound healing mechanism in the epithelial and stromal layer of the cornea. Methods: Narrative review.Results: In our review, we described the patterns of chemical injuries in the cornea and their molecular mechanisms associated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the effects of inflammation signals on angiogenesis factors and CNV were explained. Conclusion: The contribution of inflammation and angiogenesis causes de novo formation of blood vessels that is known as the corneal neovascularization (CNV). The new vascularity interrupts cornea clarity and visual acuity. Inflammation also depleted the Limbal stem cells (LSCs) in the limbus causing the failure of normal corneal epithelial healing and conjunctivalization of the cornea.