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Chechani B, Roat P, Hada S, Yadav DK, Kumari N. Psidium guajava: An Insight into Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2-39. [PMID: 37170987 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230426093315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psidium guajava (guava) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and adapted to various environmental conditions. Guava is an important economic fruit widely used as food and folk medicine. It contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, reducing sugars, essential oils, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc. The presence of triterpenoid acids such as guavacoumaric, ursolic, jacoumaric, guajavanoic, guavenoic, and Asiatic acids helps to develop novel drugs against various diseases. It is used traditionally for medicinal purposes, mainly for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiallergy, anti-inflammatory, and hepato-protective properties. OBJECTIVE The systematic literature study aims to summarize its botanical description, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, and clinical trials. This review focuses on the plant's chemical composition and scientific approaches to human welfare. METHODS A systematic literature search was done on Psidium guajava through previous literature and online databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, etc., to explain its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications. RESULTS Previous literature studies of Psidium guajava suggest it can serve as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Successful clinical trials performed on the plant extracts against infantile rotaviral enteritis and infectious gastroenteritis showed future directions to work with the plant for clinical applications. CONCLUSION In this review, an attempt is made to show all literature studied, especially in phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical trials and uses as traditional folk medicine around the world. The leaves have been used by folklore over the years to treat various ailments such as skin ulcers, diarrhoea, vaginal irritation, cough, conjunctivitis, etc. Further studies are required to explore more therapeutic remedies and to develop new medicines for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chechani
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Priyanka Roat
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Sonal Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Neetu Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
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Balasubramanian B, Liu WC, Arumugam VA, Gurupalraj DMM, Ramasamy M, Madhavan S, Velayuthaprabhu S, Park S. Protective effect of Euphorbia thymifolia and Euphorbia hirta against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:406-416. [PMID: 36268597 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Euphorbia thymifolia and Euphorbia hirta extracts on in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo analysis on hepatic marker enzyme levels and histopathological changes in the liver of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes 42 adult male Albino Wistar rats randomly divided into seven treatment groups, including control (basal diet, G1), CCl4-induced single dose (1.5 ml/kg, i.p.) as the negative control (G2), G1 supplemented with 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of E. thymifolia (G3) and E. hirta (G4), G2 supplemented with 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of E. thymifolia (G5), E. hirta (G6), and silymarin (25 mg/kg b.w.) used as a standard drug (G7) for 21-days experimental period. RESULTS The ethanolic extracts of E. thymifolia and E. hirta exhibited potential in vitro antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner (25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml). Oxidative stress caused by CCl4-induced the liver damage, including changes in liver marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (lipid peroxides and glutathione) and hepatocellular alterations such as hydropic degeneration, irregular hepatocytes, and distention of the vein. Administration of E. thymifolia and E. hirta significantly (p < 0.05) restored the enzyme activity along with the histology of the liver. CONCLUSION The results from the current study demonstrate that E. thymifolia and E. hirta have the property of restoring hepatic redox capacity and antioxidant activities against CCl4-induced acute liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Manikandan Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Shenbagam Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | | | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kaviya M, Balasubramanian B, Bharathi K, Malaisamy A, Al-Dhabi NA, Mariadhas VA, Anand AV, Liu W. Evaluation of Nutritional Substances and Investigation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials of Boerhavia diffusa with in Silico Molecular Docking. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041280. [PMID: 35209067 PMCID: PMC8880713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctanginaceae (B. diffusa) is a medicinal herb commonly considered as a weed. The exploration of phytochemicals in different parts of B. diffusa with different solvents will create awareness, along with the suitable solvent and method for extraction of pharmaceutical compounds. Hence, the present study focuses on phytochemical analysis of B. diffusa leaves, stems, and roots in various solvents with hot and cold extraction. The decoctions performed well in most of the qualitative and quantitative tests, along with the DPPH assay. The aqueous extract showed a good result in the FRAP assay and ABTS assay. In the antimicrobial test, the B. diffusa root ethanol extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with zones of inhibition of about 8 mm and 20 mm at 200 µg concentration, respectively. Using a molecular docking approach, the top four ranked molecules from the crude extract of B. diffusa profiled from GC–MS spectroscopy in terms of growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa were selected; among them, 2-(1,2 dihydroxyethyl)-5-[[2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-yl]oxy]oxolane-3,4-diol exhibited the minimum binding score, revealing high affinity in complex. B. diffusa is highly nutritious, and the maceration and decoction extracts were similar except for the chloroform extract that was found to be weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohandass Kaviya
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharthiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Kathirvel Bharathi
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharthiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Arunkumar Malaisamy
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Valan Arasu Mariadhas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharthiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.A.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenchao Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (A.V.A.); (W.L.)
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Huang Z, Luo Y, Xia X, Wu A, Wu Z. Bioaccessibility, safety, and antidiabetic effect of phenolic-rich extract from fermented Psidium guajava Linn. leaves. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Risaliti L, Yu X, Vanti G, Bergonzi MC, Wang M, Bilia AR. Hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel for skin delivery of khellin loaded in ascosomes: Characterization, in vitro/in vivo performance and acute toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:217-229. [PMID: 33662425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this work was to prepare and characterize a hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel loaded with ascosomes, nanovesicles based on phosphatidylcholine plus ascorbyl octanoate (ASC8) or ascorbyl decanoate (ASC1), and khellin (2 mg/mL), for topical use. ASC10 vesicles were selected for the hydrogel formulation because of the best biopharmaceutical characteristics, namely size of 115 nm, PDI of 0.26, ζ-potential of -40.1 meV, EE% of 90.2%. After 24 h the in vitro release of khellin was more than 80%, while the ex-vivo skin permeation of khellin after application of the vesicles was 42% of the dose. The hydrogel formulations had a pH value of 5, viscosity properties were different according to the different temperatures and in addition, they presented characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids with a pseudoplastic shear thinning behaviour according to the Herschel-Bulkley equation. These hydrogels combine the advantages of a suitable viscosity for dermal use (hydrogel matrix) and an increased transdermal absorption (ascosome components). The best permeability of the ASC10 ascosomes, led to select the formulation for skin irritation and corrosion tests in rats. Liver and dermal histological and pathological analyses demonstrated that hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogels based on khellin loaded in the ASC10 ascosomes have no toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Risaliti
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China.
| | - Giulia Vanti
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China.
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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Antidiabetic potential of methanolic extracts of Sargassum wightii in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xu L, Guo X, Li N, Pan Q, Ma YZ. Effects of quercetin on Aroclor 1254-induced expression of CYP 450 and cytokines in pregnant rats. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 16:140-148. [PMID: 31290710 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1604585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-induced liver and embryo damage in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups, and then were orally gavaged daily with peanut oil (vehicle) or a commercial PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) - with or without co-treatment with 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg quercetin - on gestation days (GD) 4-7. At GD 9, all rats were euthanized, and their blood, liver, and uterus were collected. Expressions of CYP450 mRNA and protein in liver, cytokines (IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) and IFNγ/IL-4 ratios in liver and sera, liver morphology, and the status of implanted embryos were analyzed. The results showed Aroclor 1254 treatment alone caused hepatic cord damage (i.e. cell disorganization, swelling, decreased cytoplasm, vacuolization), and that quercetin co-treatment appeared to mitigate this damage. Similarly, levels of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 mRNA in livers of Aroclor 1254-only-treated rats were significantly higher than those in rats co-treated with quercetin. Hepatic and sera levels of IFNγ, IL-2, IL-6, and IFNγ/IL-4 ratios, and the ratio of delayed-development embryos, all increased in Aroclor 1254-treated rats, but were relatively decreased as a result of quercetin co-treatments. IL-4 levels were decreased by Aroclor 1254 and tended to increase back to normal when quercetin was used. The results indicated that quercetin imparted a protective effect against Aroclor 1254-induced toxicity in pregnant rats, in part, by modulating levels of important pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing induced CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- a College of Life Science and Food Engineering , Hebei University of Engineering , Handan , China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- b College of Life Sciences , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , China
| | - Nan Li
- c College of Animal Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , China
| | - Qing Pan
- d Langfang Polytechnic Institute , Langfang , China
| | - Yu Zhong Ma
- e College of Veterinary Medicine , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , China
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Orieke D, Ohaeri OC, Irene Ijeh I, Ijioma SN. Semen quality, hormone profile and histological changes in male albino rats treated with Corchorus olitorius leaf extract. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:551-562. [PMID: 31763214 PMCID: PMC6823532 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2019.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the anti-fertility effect of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract (COLE) was evaluated in adult male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty rats assigned to 4 groups of 10 rats each, were orally given COLE for 28 days. Group 1 was the control group but groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively and were considered the test groups. Blood collection from the animals was performed at the end of treatments and blood samples were used for reproductive hormone assays. Also, sperm sample quality was ascertained, and basic organs were evaluated histologically for all groups. RESULTS A significant fall in relative organ weights for the testes and prostate was observed following high-dose treatment (p<0.05). Sperm sample pH, and individual sperm motility, viability, progressiveness and concentration decreased, while total abnormalities increased following high-dose (1000 mg/kg) treatment (p<0.05). Serum concentration of FSH significantly increased at 500 and 1000 mg/kg dose levels while LH and testosterone concentrations were significantly higher than control at all dose levels (p<0.05) except estrogen which was higher than control at 250 and 500 mg/kg but lower at 1000 mg/kg dose level. Control testes showed intact histological architecture with mature spermatid density of 300 cells per tubule and well differentiated Leydig cells, while those animals treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, were without significant pathology but had average spermatid densities of 200 and 280 cells per tubule, respectively. Significant azoospermia and spermatid density of only 30 cells per tubule and prostatic degeneration were seen in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract. CONCLUSION Consumption of high amounts of C. olitorius may inhibit reproductive functions in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Orieke
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Obioma Christopher Ohaeri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Irene Ijeh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Nnah Ijioma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
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Psidium guajava Leaf Extracts and Their Quercetin Protect HepG2 Cell Lines Against CCL 4 Induced Cytotoxicity. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:324-329. [PMID: 31391723 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro cytoprotective effects of Psidium guajava and their isolated quercetin fraction to reduce the CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) induced toxicity in HepG2 cell lines (Hepatocellular carcinoma G2). Silymarin was used as a standard drug to compare the protective effects of plant extracts in infected cell lines. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay, cell viability assay, leakage parameters [Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were used to find out the protection of human derived HepG2 cells against CCl4-induced damage. The levels of cytotoxicity, viability and GSH were reduced. While the activities of AST, ALT, LDH and lipid peroxidation was increased in CCl4-treated groups. The treatment of P. guajava and their isolated quercetin fractions (100, 200, 300 µg/mL) decreased the elevated levels of all these parameters. The results of the present study suggest that the ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaf and their isolated quercetin fractions can able to reduce the CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines.
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