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Gangane NM, Ghongade PV, Patil BU, Atram M. Oral cavity cancer incidence and survival trends: A population-based study. J Cancer Res Ther 2024:01363817-990000000-00086. [PMID: 38261454 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2720_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to calculate the burden of oral cavity cancer (OCC) including incidence, mortality rate, survival rate, and influence of predictive factors such as clinicopathological, demographic findings, and treatment modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data in this retrospective study were collected from India's population-based cancer registry (PBCR) from 2010 to 2016. A total of 1051 cases of OCC were noted. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated. The cumulative survival outcome was calculated using Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Prognostic factors were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence rates (ASR), and mortality rate (ASMR), of overall OCC cases were 10.1 and 8.4 per 100 thousand population, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 32.3%. Survival outcome was significantly associated with the given treatment (Chi-square value = 58.17, P = 0.0001) and anatomical site (Chi-square value = 26.70, P = 0.0001). 17.6% of cases in males were <39-year age group. The hazard ratio (HR) in the age group of >50 years was 2.065 (95% CI 1.34-3.18, P = 0.001). Combination therapy had an HR of 2.630 (95% CI 1.91-3.63, P value 0.000). Tonsillar carcinoma (C09) (95% CI 1.04-3.12) had 1.8 times more chances of death than lip carcinoma (C00). CONCLUSION OCC cases are increasing in the younger population, and overall, cases show higher mortality rates with reduced survival outcomes. Prognostic factors such as age >50 years, single modality treatment, and alveolar and tonsillar malignancy are associated with poor survival. OCC robust screening by a trained health professional can improve early detection and increases awareness and lower mortality of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin M Gangane
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Asmin PK, Nusrath F, Divakar DD. Occurrence and Distribution of Cancers with Emphasis Upon Oral Cancers in Registered Oncology Institutes of South India - A Retrospective Study. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:120-130. [PMID: 38425965 PMCID: PMC10900442 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_106_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the past two decades, the growing economy associated with changes in lifestyle-related behavior is partially responsible for the increasing cancer burden in India. To assess the occurrence and distribution of oral cancer based on the analysis of hospital records from registered oncology institutes of South India over a period of three years. Materials and Methods A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted at seven major hospitals in South India to assess the incidence and distribution of cancer among patients over a period of three years (2016-2018). Data were collected on a custom-made validated proforma. Analysis was done using R commander software. Results A total of 156090 various types of cancers were reported to the included institutes over a three-year period, an almost similar gender distribution was observed, males (n = 78806, 42.99% per lakh) compared to their female counterparts (n = 77284, 42.16% per lakh). Among males' lung cancer was the most common type with 17709 cases (9.65% per lakh) and among females, breast cancer was the leading cancer type with 22855 total cases (12.46% per lakh). Over a period of three years, a total of 21084 records of malignancies pertaining to oral cavity were identified accounting for 13.51% of cases. Among oral cancers, tongue was the most common site to be involved accounting for 44.22% (2016-2018) cases followed by buccal mucosa (14.69%), least common site to be involved was lip which accounted for 3.49% of the total oral cancer cases. Conclusion Breast cancer was the most common cancer followed by lung cancer. Oral cancers occupied second among males and fifth rank in the order of occurrence among females. Tongue was the most common site followed by buccal mucosa. The least common site affected by oral cancer was the lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Asmin
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Fareed Nusrath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KVGDCH, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshan D. Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Mullainathan S, Sahuwala A, Chawla G, S G. Assessment of Oral Lesions With Tobacco Usage: A Cross-Sectional Clinicopathological Study in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e33428. [PMID: 36751169 PMCID: PMC9897703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco usage in the form of smoking or chewing has increased the risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer. These deleterious habits are also related to changes in dentition and the oral mucosa. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the oral changes associated with tobacco usage among residents of Sri Ganganagar. Materials and methods This study was conducted among the residents of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India, using stratified cluster random sampling, prestructured questionnaires, and detailed oral examination. A total of 100 patients with a previous history of tobacco usage were enrolled in this study after obtaining informed consent. Age- and gender-matched controls were also evaluated to correlate the findings. Clinical details were documented, including the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), loss of attachment, dental findings, and oral mucosal changes. Suspicious lesions were stained with toluidine blue, and a biopsy was performed for histopathological evaluation. The tabulated results were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA) for significance. Results Attrition, abrasion, and erosion of teeth were more frequent in tobacco users than in controls. Smoker's palate, tobacco pouch keratosis, and leukoplakia were commonly noted mucosal lesions. The mean values of the parameters of the DMFT score (3.560), CPI score (2.190), and loss of attachment score (0.542) were higher among tobacco users, and it was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Out of 100 patients, 17 had suspicious lesions. It included seven cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), two cases of tobacco pouch keratosis, and eight cases of leukoplakia. Toluidine blue staining and biopsy were performed. Histopathological examination of suspicious lesions revealed hyperkeratosis, various grades of epithelial dysplasia, and differing inflammatory responses. Out of 17 biopsied cases, there were two cases of hyperkeratosis with severe epithelial dysplasia, four cases of hyperkeratosis with moderate epithelial dysplasia, two cases of hyperkeratosis with mild dysplasia, two cases of superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma, five cases of advanced OSMF, and two cases of moderately advanced OSMF. Conclusion Tobacco usage produces visible changes in dentition and latent alterations in the oral mucosa. Suspicious lesions should always be referred for histopathological examination to identify oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer so that prompt treatment could be initiated. Patient education is mandatory to avoid the usage of tobacco in any form.
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4
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Rai P, Ng A, Intekhab I, Sim YF, Lai CWM, Loh J. Oral Cancer in Asia - A systematic review. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2022.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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5
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Mohan P, Richardson A, Potter JD, Coope P, Paterson M. Opportunistic Screening of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Public Health Need for India. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:688-696. [PMID: 32364799 PMCID: PMC7268900 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral cancer (OC) is the leading cancer in 25% of Indian cancer registries, and 80% of OCs are diagnosed in advanced stages. OC screening is a topic of debate. Studies from other countries have used a variety of study designs as OC screening strategies. There are not many studies from India on strategic screening, and there is a need to review the literature to provide insights and knowledge about screening programs. The purpose of this narrative review is to present broad epidemiologic evidence on the OC burden in India, to discuss and summarize the currently available evidence for OC screening strategies, and to highlight a feasible opportunistic screening strategy for addressing OC burden in India. METHODS Medline and EMBASE were used to identify articles. Data from GLOBOCAN and government reports were obtained from websites. As many key concepts and divergent views cannot be addressed with a single research question, a narrative review was considered appropriate, but to ensure a comprehensive literature search, a systematic review search strategy was used. RESULTS OC rates are rising more rapidly in India than projected. Wide variations in OC incidence within India reflect regional diversity of risk factors. Studies abroad have demonstrated the feasibility of opportunistic screening of oral potentially malignant disorders by dentists; however, although recommendations exist in India, no studies of opportunistic screening by dentists have been reported. CONCLUSION The projected major increases in the OC burden necessitate an OC screening program; opportunistic screening of high-risk groups by dentists using oral visual examination is recommended as a cost-effective strategy. As a way forward, a pilot project to assess the feasibility of regional opportunistic screening is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ann Richardson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John D Potter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Patricia Coope
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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6
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James BL, Sunny SP, Heidari AE, Ramanjinappa RD, Lam T, Tran AV, Kankanala S, Sil S, Tiwari V, Patrick S, Pillai V, Shetty V, Hedne N, Shah D, Shah N, Chen ZP, Kandasarma U, Raghavan SA, Gurudath S, Nagaraj PB, Wilder-Smith P, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA. Validation of a Point-of-Care Optical Coherence Tomography Device with Machine Learning Algorithm for Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant and Malignant Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3583. [PMID: 34298796 PMCID: PMC8304149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive strategies that can identify oral malignant and dysplastic oral potentially-malignant lesions (OPML) are necessary in cancer screening and long-term surveillance. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be a rapid, real time and non-invasive imaging method for frequent patient surveillance. Here, we report the validation of a portable, robust OCT device in 232 patients (lesions: 347) in different clinical settings. The device deployed with algorithm-based automated diagnosis, showed efficacy in delineation of oral benign and normal (n = 151), OPML (n = 121), and malignant lesions (n = 75) in community and tertiary care settings. This study showed that OCT images analyzed by automated image processing algorithm could distinguish the dysplastic-OPML and malignant lesions with a sensitivity of 95% and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, we explored the ability of multiple (n = 14) artificial neural network (ANN) based feature extraction techniques for delineation high grade-OPML (moderate/severe dysplasia). The support vector machine (SVM) model built over ANN, delineated high-grade dysplasia with sensitivity of 83%, which in turn, can be employed to triage patients for tertiary care. The study provides evidence towards the utility of the robust and low-cost OCT instrument as a point-of-care device in resource-constrained settings and the potential clinical application of device in screening and surveillance of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonney Lee James
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (B.L.J.); (S.P.S.); (R.D.R.); (P.B.N.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sumsum P. Sunny
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (B.L.J.); (S.P.S.); (R.D.R.); (P.B.N.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Karnataka 576104, India
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (V.P.); (V.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Andrew Emon Heidari
- Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; (A.E.H.); (T.L.); (A.V.T.); (Z.-p.C.); (P.W.-S.)
| | - Ravindra D. Ramanjinappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (B.L.J.); (S.P.S.); (R.D.R.); (P.B.N.)
| | - Tracie Lam
- Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; (A.E.H.); (T.L.); (A.V.T.); (Z.-p.C.); (P.W.-S.)
| | - Anne V. Tran
- Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; (A.E.H.); (T.L.); (A.V.T.); (Z.-p.C.); (P.W.-S.)
| | - Sandeep Kankanala
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Shiladitya Sil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Vidya Tiwari
- Biocon Foundation, Bangalore 560100, India; (V.T.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Vijay Pillai
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (V.P.); (V.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Vivek Shetty
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (V.P.); (V.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Naveen Hedne
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (V.P.); (V.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Darshat Shah
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (D.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Nameeta Shah
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (D.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Zhong-ping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; (A.E.H.); (T.L.); (A.V.T.); (Z.-p.C.); (P.W.-S.)
| | - Uma Kandasarma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India;
| | - Subhashini Attavar Raghavan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Shubha Gurudath
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Praveen Birur Nagaraj
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (B.L.J.); (S.P.S.); (R.D.R.); (P.B.N.)
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.K.); (S.S.); (S.A.R.); (S.G.)
- Biocon Foundation, Bangalore 560100, India; (V.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Petra Wilder-Smith
- Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; (A.E.H.); (T.L.); (A.V.T.); (Z.-p.C.); (P.W.-S.)
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (B.L.J.); (S.P.S.); (R.D.R.); (P.B.N.)
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (V.P.); (V.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Moni Abraham Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research (MSCTR), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (B.L.J.); (S.P.S.); (R.D.R.); (P.B.N.)
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, NH Health City, Bangalore 560099, India; (V.P.); (V.S.); (N.H.)
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Thakar A, Thakur R, Kakkar A, Malhotra RK, Singh CA, Sikka K, Kumar R, Pramanik R, Biswas A, Bhalla AS, Bhaskar S, Sharma A. Oral Cancer in the Indian Subcontinent-Survival Outcomes and Risk Factors with Primary Surgery. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2254-2261. [PMID: 33797083 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the oncological outcome and prognostic factors for primary Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC) staged as per AJCC 8th pTNM, and treated by the contemporary standard of primary surgery and pathology directed adjuvant radiation-chemoradiation. METHODS A single institution cohort from a tertiary care academic institution in North India. Case inclusion 2013 to 2016; n = 218, median follow-up 35 months. All patients were restaged as per the AJCC 8th pTNM classification. Analysis for Overall Survival (OS), Disease-free Survival(DFS), and factors impacting outcome (Cox proportionate model Multivariate analysis). RESULTS AJCC pTNM 7th to 8th edition conversion led to upstaging in 16.5%. Stage-II demonstrated greatest stage migration and apparent improvement in OS and DFS (P < .09). Discordance was noted between the presurgical (clinico-radiologic) and postsurgical (pathological) nodal status in 40.3% (88/218; 54 pathologically upstaged;34 downstaged). Pathological downstaging was particularly significant with advanced stage Gingivo-Buccal Cancers (25/73-34.7%). Stage-I-II early cancers had 3 years. OS-86.7% and DFS-78.8%; Stage-III-IV advanced cancers had 3 years. OS-56.7% and DFS-46.6%. Multivariate analysis identified poorer OS and DFS for age < 40 years (HR-1.8; 2.0), skin involvement (HR-2.1; 2.6) and pN+ status (HR-2.4; 3.5). Bone involvement did not compromise survival in this surgically treated set of patients. CONCLUSION Age < 45 is newly identified as significantly compromising DFS and OS in Oral Cancer. Established factors of skin involvement and pN+ are confirmed as impacting DFS-OS. An apparent improvement in survival in Stage II Cancers is noted as consequent to adoption of AJCC 8th edition staging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II (OCEBM 2011-Inception Cohort Study for Prognosis) Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rishikesh Thakur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Malhotra
- Delhi Cancer Registry, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirom Amit Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Sikka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahitagni Biswas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashu Seith Bhalla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Bhaskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Alsharif MT, Alsharif AT, Krsoum MA, Aljohani MA, Qadiri OM, Alharbi AA, Al-Maweri SA, Warnakulasuriya S, Kassim S. Trend Analysis of Head and Neck Neoplasms between 2012-2018 in Patients Residing in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:509-514. [PMID: 33622006 PMCID: PMC8382446 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study sought to present a view of head and neck neoplasms (HNN) prevalence with specific focus on sociodemographic determinants in Al-Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods
This was a hospital-based retrospective study based on retrieval of histopathological data for a period of 6 years between 2012 and 2018. Data was collected from the archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory at King Fahad Hospital (the only referral center for biopsy services) in Al-Madinah City.
Statistical Analysis
An independent
t
-test and/or nonparametric (Mann–Whitney U test, chi-squared test) tests were used to determine the differences between groups. Statistical significance was set at the
p
-value < 0.05.
Results
Out of 96 patients, a total of 58 patients had valid biopsy data with preoperative diagnosis. Over three quarters of the cases (
n
= 44) were benign with only 24% were malignant. Males were more likely to be diagnosed with a benign tumor than females (54.5 vs. 45.6%, respectively), and malignancy was also more common in males (64.3 vs. 24.1). A significant difference was found in relation to mean age of older patients who were more likely to be diagnosed with malignant tumors (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusions
The findings suggest that most of biopsied HNN cases are benign neoplasms. Age is a significant risk factor for head and neck malignancy in this region. Delays in diagnosis of HNN need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha T Alsharif
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alla T Alsharif
- Preventive Dental Sciences, Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A Krsoum
- Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen A Aljohani
- Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Qadiri
- Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim A Alharbi
- Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of Health, Salah Al-Din Primary Health Center, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saba Kassim
- Preventive Dental Sciences, Taibah University Dental College and Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Abhinav RP, Williams J, Livingston P, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Burden of diabetes and oral cancer in India. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107670. [PMID: 32651032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer and diabetes are highly prevalent among the Indian population and are part of the top four non-communicable diseases responsible for mortality and morbidity. Their numbers are so great that they pose a unique burden to the socioeconomic growth of the country. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies examining the role of diabetes in oral cancer reporting co-existence of diabetes and cancer. There is also growing evidence of a higher risk for developing a number of cancers among individuals with diabetes, including pancreatic, liver, gynecologic, colorectal, oral and breast cancer, and consequently 'diabetic oncopathy' is emerging as one of the complications of diabetes. Diabetes may lead to the development of cancer through oxidative damage leading to accumulation of DNA mutations and/or through immune dysfunction, which predisposes to viral infection. Cancer and diabetes may co-occur due to shared risk factors such as increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and obesity, but there is no clear biologic link between the two disorders. This literature review aims to review the evidence showing the current burden of two non-communicable diseases, diabetes and oral cancer and their potential association, with particular reference to India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prabhu Abhinav
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Joanne Williams
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Livingston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India.
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