Effect of avatars and viewpoints on performance in virtual world: efficiency vs. telepresence

Perceptual-motor recalibration is intact in older adults

From an ecological perspective, perceptual-motor recalibration should be a robust and adaptable process, but there are suggestions that older adults may recalibrate slower. Therefore, this study investigated the age-related temporal effects in perceptual-motor recalibration after motor disturbances. In three experiments, we disturbed young and older adults' perception-action by fitting weights around their ankles and asking them to climb stairs or cross obstacles repeatedly. In Experiment 1, participants (n = 26) climbed stairs with different ankle weights. An innovative methodology was applied, identifying the timeline of recalibration as the point where a stable movement pattern emerged. Experiment 1 showed that older adults recalibrated slower than young adults in lighter (but not heavier) weight conditions. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 24) crossed obstacles with different ankle weights. Results showed that older adults recalibrated faster than young adults. Finally, in Experiment 3, participants (n = 24) crossed obstacles of unpredictable and varying heights with heavy ankle weights. Again, results showed that older adults recalibrated faster than young adults. Taken together these results show that although older adults had reduced muscle strength and flexibility, they recalibrated quickly, especially when the task was more challenging.