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Yang N, Hui W, Dong S, Zhang X, Shao L, Jia Y, Mak PI, Paulo da Silva Martins R. Temperature Tolerance Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing for Joint Assessment of Cell Viability and Vitality. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3640-3649. [PMID: 34449212 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the cell health status is critical for drug screening and cell physiological activity investigations. The existing cell health assessment methods are solely devoted to the study of cell vitality or viability, leading to an incomplete evaluation. Herein, we report a convenient and robust method for the joint assessment of cell viability and vitality based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) supplied with an environmental temperature control. The static value of electric cell-substrate impedance reflects the survival rate of cells, while the temperature tolerance of cells demonstrates the cell vitality. It was found that the cell vitality evaluated by the temperature tolerance of cells was independent of the initial cell numbers, rendering the proposed method easy to utilize in various applications. We compared the temperature tolerance ECIS method with the traditional trypan blue staining method, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the direct impedance sensing method for joint evaluation of cell viability and vitality in drug screening. The temperature tolerance ECIS method showed comparable results but with a simpler protocol, faster results, and less dependence on the sample conditions. By providing both information on cell viability and cell vitality, the proposed temperature tolerance ECIS method would pave the way in building a simple and robust sensing system for cell health evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenhao Hui
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Sizhe Dong
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology—ECE, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liyang Shao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology—ECE, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology—ECE, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Rui Paulo da Silva Martins
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology—ECE, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- On Leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1000-001, Portugal
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Behar RZ, Luo W, McWhirter KJ, Pankow JF, Talbot P. Analytical and toxicological evaluation of flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette refill fluids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8288. [PMID: 29844439 PMCID: PMC5974410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of electronic cigarette refill fluids are commercially available. The concentrations of nicotine and the solvents, but not the flavor chemicals, are often disclosed on product labels. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify flavor chemicals in 39 commercial refill fluids that were previously evaluated for toxicity. Twelve flavor chemicals were identified with concentrations ≥1 mg/ml: cinnamaldehyde, menthol, benzyl alcohol, vanillin, eugenol, p-anisaldehyde, ethyl cinnamate, maltol, ethyl maltol, triacetin, benzaldehyde, and menthone. Transfer of these flavor chemicals into aerosols made at 3V and 5V was efficient (mean transfer = 98%). We produced lab-made refill fluids containing authentic standards of each flavor chemical and analyzed the toxicity of their aerosols produced at 3V and 5V using a tank Box Mod device. Over 50% of the refill fluids in our sample contained high concentrations of flavor chemicals that transferred efficiently to aerosols at concentrations that produce cytotoxicity. When tested with two types of human lung cells, the aerosols made at 5V were generally more toxic than those made at 3V. These data will be valuable for consumers, physicians, public health officials, and regulatory agencies when discussing potential health concerns relating to flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Z Behar
- Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.,UCR Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Wentai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States
| | - Kevin J McWhirter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States
| | - James F Pankow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, United States
| | - Prue Talbot
- UCR Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States. .,Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
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Analytical and toxicological evaluation of flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette refill fluids. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29844439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598‐018‐25575‐6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of electronic cigarette refill fluids are commercially available. The concentrations of nicotine and the solvents, but not the flavor chemicals, are often disclosed on product labels. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify flavor chemicals in 39 commercial refill fluids that were previously evaluated for toxicity. Twelve flavor chemicals were identified with concentrations ≥1 mg/ml: cinnamaldehyde, menthol, benzyl alcohol, vanillin, eugenol, p-anisaldehyde, ethyl cinnamate, maltol, ethyl maltol, triacetin, benzaldehyde, and menthone. Transfer of these flavor chemicals into aerosols made at 3V and 5V was efficient (mean transfer = 98%). We produced lab-made refill fluids containing authentic standards of each flavor chemical and analyzed the toxicity of their aerosols produced at 3V and 5V using a tank Box Mod device. Over 50% of the refill fluids in our sample contained high concentrations of flavor chemicals that transferred efficiently to aerosols at concentrations that produce cytotoxicity. When tested with two types of human lung cells, the aerosols made at 5V were generally more toxic than those made at 3V. These data will be valuable for consumers, physicians, public health officials, and regulatory agencies when discussing potential health concerns relating to flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette products.
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Mohammed HS, Snyder BL, Samways DSK, Shipp DA. Quantitative and qualitative toxicological evaluation of thiol-ene “click” chemistry-based polyanhydrides and their degradation products. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1936-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halimatu S. Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Clarkson University; Potsdam New York 13699-5810
| | - Brittany L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Clarkson University; Potsdam New York 13699-5810
| | | | - Devon A. Shipp
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Clarkson University; Potsdam New York 13699-5810
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University; Potsdam New York 13699-5810
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Applying NGS Data to Find Evolutionary Network Biomarkers from the Early and Late Stages of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:391475. [PMID: 26366411 PMCID: PMC4558430 DOI: 10.1155/2015/391475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major liver tumor (~80%), besides hepatoblastomas, angiosarcomas, and cholangiocarcinomas. In this study, we used a systems biology approach to construct protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) for early-stage and late-stage liver cancer. By comparing the networks of these two stages, we found that the two networks showed some common mechanisms and some significantly different mechanisms. To obtain differential network structures between cancer and noncancer PPINs, we constructed cancer PPIN and noncancer PPIN network structures for the two stages of liver cancer by systems biology method using NGS data from cancer cells and adjacent noncancer cells. Using carcinogenesis relevance values (CRVs), we identified 43 and 80 significant proteins and their PPINs (network markers) for early-stage and late-stage liver cancer. To investigate the evolution of network biomarkers in the carcinogenesis process, a primary pathway analysis showed that common pathways of the early and late stages were those related to ordinary cancer mechanisms. A pathway specific to the early stage was the mismatch repair pathway, while pathways specific to the late stage were the spliceosome pathway, lysine degradation pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway. This study provides a new direction for cancer-targeted therapies at different stages.
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Tang B, Wu X, Tan G, Chen SS, Jing Q, Shen B. Computational inference and analysis of genetic regulatory networks via a supervised combinatorial-optimization pattern. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4 Suppl 2:S3. [PMID: 20840730 PMCID: PMC2982690 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-s2-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Post-genome era brings about diverse categories of omics data. Inference and analysis of genetic regulatory networks act prominently in extracting inherent mechanisms, discovering and interpreting the related biological nature and living principles beneath mazy phenomena, and eventually promoting the well-beings of humankind. Results A supervised combinatorial-optimization pattern based on information and signal-processing theories is introduced into the inference and analysis of genetic regulatory networks. An associativity measure is proposed to define the regulatory strength/connectivity, and a phase-shift metric determines regulatory directions among components of the reconstructed networks. Thus, it solves the undirected regulatory problems arising from most of current linear/nonlinear relevance methods. In case of computational and topological redundancy, we constrain the classified group size of pair candidates within a multiobjective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) pattern. Conclusions We testify the proposed approach on two real-world microarray datasets of different statistical characteristics. Thus, we reveal the inherent design mechanisms for genetic networks by quantitative means, facilitating further theoretic analysis and experimental design with diverse research purposes. Qualitative comparisons with other methods and certain related focuses needing further work are illustrated within the discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Chu LH, Chen BS. Construction of a cancer-perturbed protein-protein interaction network for discovery of apoptosis drug targets. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2008; 2:56. [PMID: 18590547 PMCID: PMC2488323 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-2-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer is caused by genetic abnormalities, such as mutations of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, which alter downstream signal transduction pathways and protein-protein interactions. Comparisons of the interactions of proteins in cancerous and normal cells can shed light on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Results We constructed initial networks of protein-protein interactions involved in the apoptosis of cancerous and normal cells by use of two human yeast two-hybrid data sets and four online databases. Next, we applied a nonlinear stochastic model, maximum likelihood parameter estimation, and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) to eliminate false-positive protein-protein interactions in our initial protein interaction networks by use of microarray data. Comparisons of the networks of apoptosis in HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cells and in normal primary lung fibroblasts provided insight into the mechanism of apoptosis and allowed identification of potential drug targets. The potential targets include BCL2, caspase-3 and TP53. Our comparison of cancerous and normal cells also allowed derivation of several party hubs and date hubs in the human protein-protein interaction networks involved in caspase activation. Conclusion Our method allows identification of cancer-perturbed protein-protein interactions involved in apoptosis and identification of potential molecular targets for development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hui Chu
- Lab of Control and Systems Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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