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Abstract
Duck viral hepatitis (DVH), mainly caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), is a highly fatal and rapidly spreading infectious disease of young ducklings that seriously jeopardizes the duck industry worldwide. DHAV type 1 (DHAV-1) is the main genotype responsible for disease outbreaks since 1945, and the disease situation is complicated by the emergence and dissemination of a novel genotype (DHAV-3) in some countries in Asia and Africa. Live attenuated DHAV vaccines are widely used to induce a considerable degree of protection in ducklings. Breeder ducks are immunized with inactivated or/and live DHAV vaccines to achieve satisfactory levels of passive immunity in progeny. In addition, novel characteristics of virus transmission, pathogenicity and pathogenesis of DHAV were recently characterized, necessitating the development of new vaccines and effective vaccination programmes against DVH. Therefore, a systematic dissection of the profiles, strengths and shortcomings of the available DHAV vaccines is essential. Moreover, to further increase the efficiency of vaccine production and administration, the development of next-generation DHAV vaccines using cutting-edge technologies is also required. In this review, based on a comprehensive summary of the research advances in the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and genomic features of DHAV, we focus on reviewing and analysing the features of the commercial and experimental DHAV vaccines. We also propose perspectives for disease control based on the specific disease situations in different countries. This review provides essential information for vaccine development and disease control of DVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Guo Z, Zhang S, Sun Y, Li Q, Tang Y, Diao Y, Hou S. Genomic characteristics, pathogenicity and viral shedding of a novel DVEV variant derived from goose. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102392. [PMID: 36745957 PMCID: PMC9906019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck virus enteritis (DVE), caused by the DVE virus (DVEV), is an acute, septicemic, and contagious disease affecting ducks of different breeds, ages, and sexes. In late spring and summer 2019, several outbreaks of DVE were reported in areas with large waterfowl industries in central and southern China. A goose farm located in Jining County, Shandong Province, was impacted by an acute DVE outbreak in July 2019. The causative DVEV field strain (Goose/DVEV/SDJN/China/2019) was subsequently isolated from the liver specimens collected from acute cases of dead geese, which showed severe hemorrhagic lesions on the esophageal mucosal membranes of specimens collected from all the postmortem cases. Comparison of the genome sequence of this newly isolated field strain (Goose/DVEV/SDJN/China/2019) with the common DVEV strains revealed insertions or mutations in the gB and gC genes, which possibly caused the observed high morbidity and mortality in this acute outbreak. We conducted a trial among geese to evaluate the pathogenicity of this strain. Healthy experimental goslings aged 15 d old were inoculated with 10-5.53 ELD50/0.2 mL doses orally or through intramuscular injection. Clinical signs and esophageal erosion appeared in infected geese. Necropsy revealed hemorrhage and necrosis of the cloacal mucosa and liver. Detection of the virus using real-time PCR in the liver, brain, and spleen indicated that they were the hotspots of DVEV infections. One day after the DVEV infection, virus release and seroconvert were observed in infected geese. Thus, our studies demonstrate that DVEV is highly pathogenic and contagious in geese. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the pathogenicity of mutant duck viral enteritis virus in goslings. This study serves as a foundation for further investigations into the pathophysiology of the recently identified variant DVEV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbao Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hai'dian, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yonglin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hai'dian, Beijing, 100097, China.
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