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Fang YD, Liu JY, Xie F, Liu LP, Zeng WW, Wang WH. Antibody preparation and age-dependent distribution of TLR8 in Bactrian camel spleens. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:276. [PMID: 38104080 PMCID: PMC10725000 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) can recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and exert multiple immunological functions through activation of signaling cascades. However, the precise distribution and age-related alterations of TLR8 in the spleens of Bactrian camels have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to prepare a rabbit anti-Bactrian camel TLR8 polyclonal antibody and elucidate the distribution of TLR8 in the spleens of Bactrian camels at different age groups. The methodology involved the construction of the pET-28a-TLR8 recombinant plasmid, followed by the expression of TLR8 recombinant protein via prokaryotic expression. Subsequently, rabbits were immunized with the purified protein to prepare the TLR8 polyclonal antibody. Finally, twelve Alashan Bactrian camels were categorized into four groups: young (1-2 years), pubertal (3-5 years), middle-aged (6-16 years) and old (17-20 years). These camels received intravenous sodium pentobarbital (20 mg/kg) anesthesia and were exsanguinated to collect spleen samples. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to observe and analyze the distribution patterns and age-related changes of TLR8 in the spleen. RESULTS The results showed that the TLR8 recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion body with a molecular weight of 52 kDa, and the optimal induction condition involved 0.3 mmol/L IPTG induction for 8 h. The prepared antibody yielded a titer of 1:32 000, and the antibody demonstrated specific binding to TLR8 recombinant protein. TLR8 positive cells exhibited a consistent distribution pattern in the spleen across different age groups of Bactrian camels, primarily scattered within the periarterial lymphatic sheath of the white pulp, marginal zone, and red pulp. The predominant cell type expressing TLR8 was macrophages, with expression also observed in neutrophils and dendritic cells. Statistical analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the distribution density of TLR8 positive cells among different spleen regions at the same age, with the red pulp, marginal zone, and white pulp showing a descending order (P<0.05). Age-related changes indicated that the distribution density in the marginal zone and red pulp exhibited a similar trend of initially increasing and subsequently decreasing from young to old camels. As camels age, there was a significant decrease in the distribution density across all spleen regions (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed that this study successfully prepared a rabbit anti-Bactrian camel TLR8 polyclonal antibody with good specificity. TLR8 positive cells were predominantly located in the red pulp and marginal zone of the spleen, signifying their pivotal role in the innate immune response of the spleen. Aging was found to significantly reduce the density of TLR8 positive cells, while leaving their scattered distribution characteristics unaffected. These findings provide valuable support for further investigations into the immunomorphology and immunosenescence of the spleen in Bactrian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Dong Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fei Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Qian M, Xiao S, Yang Y, Yu F, Wen J, Lu L, Wang H. Screening and identification of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) ORF55-interacting proteins by phage display. Virol J 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 37046316 PMCID: PMC10091560 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a pathogenic fish virus belonging to family Alloherpesviridae. The CyHV-2 gene encoding thymidine kinase (TK) is an important virulence-associated factor. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the biological function of open reading frame 55 (ORF55) in viral replication. METHODS Purified CyHV-2 ORF55 protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression, and the interacting peptide was screened out using phage display. Host interacting proteins were then predicted and validated. RESULTS ORF55 was efficiently expressed in the prokaryotic expression system. Protein and peptide interaction prediction and dot-blot overlay assay confirmed that peptides identified by phage display could interact with the ORF55 protein. Comparing the peptides to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database revealed four potential interacting proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR results demonstrated high expression of an actin-binding Rho-activating protein in the latter stages of virus-infected cells, and molecular docking, cell transfection and coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that it interacted with the ORF55 protein. CONCLUSION During viral infection, the ORF55 protein exerts its biological function through interactions with host proteins. The specific mechanisms remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Simin Xiao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yapeng Yang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jinxuan Wen
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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