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Belfort GP, Farias DR, Padilha PDC, da Silva LBG, dos Santos K, dos Santos MS, Zajdenverg L, Keating E, Saunders C. Influence of the DASH Diet on Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2191. [PMID: 38004331 PMCID: PMC10671988 DOI: 10.3390/life13112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM). METHODS A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 68 pregnant women with PDM throughout prenatal care until delivery (18 weeks) at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016-2020). The standard diet adopted by the control group (standard diet group-SDG) contained 45-55% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein, and 25-30% lipids of the total energy intake. An adapted DASH diet, with a similar macronutrient composition, but with higher calcium, potassium, magnesium, fiber, and reduced saturated fat, was prescribed for the intervention group (DASH diet group-DDG). Student's t- or Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. To assess the trajectory of gestational weight gain throughout the intervention between the study groups, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. RESULTS The DDG had lower gestational weight gain at the fifth (p = 0.03) and seventh appointment (p = 0.04), with no difference in average total gestational weight gain (SDG: 10 kg [SD = 4]; DDG: 9 kg [SD = 5], p = 0.23). There was a trend for a lower length of stay of the newborns (p = 0.08) in the DDG without differences for other perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The DASH diet promoted less variation in gestational weight gain without promoting a difference in total gestational weight gain, and there was no difference between the study groups for perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella P. Belfort
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil; (D.R.F.); (C.S.)
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Pasteur Ave, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayana R. Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil; (D.R.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Patricia de C. Padilha
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil; (D.R.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Letícia B. G. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil; (D.R.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Karina dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil; (D.R.F.); (C.S.)
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Pasteur Ave, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara S. dos Santos
- Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laranjeiras Street, 180, Rio de Janeiro 22240-003, RJ, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laranjeiras Street, 180, Rio de Janeiro 22240-003, RJ, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Elisa Keating
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Prof. Hernâni Monteiro Ave, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Saunders
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil; (D.R.F.); (C.S.)
- Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laranjeiras Street, 180, Rio de Janeiro 22240-003, RJ, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (L.Z.)
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Pan H, Chen S. Maternal Secondhand Smoke Exposure Enhances Macrosomia Risk Among Pregnant Women Exposed to PM 2.5: A New Interaction of Two Air Pollutants in a Nationwide Cohort. Front Public Health 2021; 9:735699. [PMID: 34869151 PMCID: PMC8637054 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.735699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the most common outdoor air pollutants, and secondhand smoking (SHS) is an important source of inhalable indoor air pollution. Previous studies were controversial and inconsistent about PM2.5 and SHS air pollutants on neonatal birth weight outcomes, and no studies assessed the potential interactive effects between PM2.5 and SHS on birth weight outcomes. Purpose: To investigate the interaction between gestational PM2.5 and SHS air pollution exposure on the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women and examine the modifying effect of SHS exposure on the association of PM2.5 air pollution and birth weight outcomes during pregnancy. Methods: Research data were derived from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP), which lasted 3 years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012. At least 240,000 Chinese women from 220 counties were enrolled in this project. PM2.5 exposure concentration was obtained using a hindcast model specific for historical PM2.5 estimation from satellite-retrieved aerosol optic depth. Different interaction models about air pollution exposure on birth weight outcomes were established, according to the adjustment of different confounding factors and different pregnancy stages. The establishment of interaction models was based on multivariable logistic regression, and the main confounding factors were maternal age at delivery and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of participants. SHS subgroups analysis was conducted to further confirm the results of interaction models. Results: In total, 197,877 participants were included in our study. In the full-adjusted interaction model, maternal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in whole, the first-, second-, and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.001). The interactive effect was statistically significant between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and SHS on the risk of macrosomia in the whole (interaction p < 0.050) and the first-trimester pregnancy (interaction p < 0.050), not in the second (interaction p > 0.050) or third trimester (interaction p > 0.050) of pregnancy. The higher frequency of SHS exposure prompted the stronger interaction between the two air pollutants in the whole pregnancy and the first-trimester pregnancy. Conclusions: In the whole and first-trimester pregnancy, maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy enhanced the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women exposed to PM2.5 air pollutants, and the interaction became stronger with the higher frequency of SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Kopylov AT, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kaysheva AL, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, Nurbekov MK, Schipkova E, Terekhina O, Morozov SG. Severe types of fetopathy are associated with changes in the serological proteome of diabetic mothers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27829. [PMID: 34766598 PMCID: PMC8589259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pregestational or gestational diabetes are the main risk factors for diabetic fetopathy. There are no generalized signs of fetopathy before the late gestational age due to insufficient sensitivity of currently employed instrumental methods. In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated several types of severe diabetic fetopathy (cardiomyopathy, central nervous system defects, and hepatomegaly) established in type 2 diabetic mothers during 30 to 35 gestational weeks and confirmed upon delivery. We examined peripheral blood plasma and determined a small proportion of proteins strongly associated with a specific type of fetopathy or anatomical malfunction. Most of the examined markers participate in critical processes at different stages of embryogenesis and regulate various phases of morphogenesis. Alterations in CDCL5 had a significant impact on mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Patients with central nervous system defects were characterized by the greatest depletion (ca. 7% of the basal level) of DFP3, a neurotrophic factor needed for the proper specialization of oligodendrocytes. Dysregulation of noncanonical wingless-related integration site signaling pathway (Wnt) signaling guided by pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) was also profound. In addition, deficiency in retinoic acid and thyroxine transport was exhibited by the dramatic increase of transthyretin (TTHY). The molecular interplay between the identified serological markers leads to pathologies in fetal development on the background of a diabetic condition. These warning serological markers can be quantitatively examined, and their profile may reflect different severe types of diabetic fetopathy, producing a beneficial effect on the current standard care for pregnant women and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T. Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Papysheva
- S.S. Yudin 7th State Clinical Hospital, 4 Kolomenskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Iveta Gribova
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Kotaysch
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov Kharitonova
- N.I. Pirogov Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Malik K. Nurbekov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Schipkova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Terekhina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Morozov
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
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Relph S, Patel T, Delaney L, Sobhy S, Thangaratinam S. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes-related microvascular disease and risks of disease progression in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003856. [PMID: 34807920 PMCID: PMC8654151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in the global prevalence of diabetes, particularly among younger people, has led to an increase in the number of pregnant women with preexisting diabetes, many of whom have diabetes-related microvascular complications. We aimed to estimate the magnitude of the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes or disease progression in this population. METHODS AND FINDINGS We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis on maternal and perinatal complications in women with type 1 or 2 diabetic microvascular disease and the risk factors for worsening of microvascular disease in pregnancy using a prospective protocol (PROSPERO CRD42017076647). We searched major databases (January 1990 to July 2021) for relevant cohort studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We summarized the findings as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effects meta-analysis. We included 56 cohort studies involving 12,819 pregnant women with diabetes; including 40 from Europe and 9 from North America. Pregnant women with diabetic nephropathy were at greater risk of preeclampsia (OR 10.76, CI 6.43 to 17.99, p < 0.001), early (<34 weeks) (OR 6.90, 95% CI 3.38 to 14.06, p < 0.001) and any preterm birth (OR 4.48, CI 3.40 to 5.92, p < 0.001), and cesarean section (OR 3.04, CI 1.24 to 7.47, p = 0.015); their babies were at higher risk of perinatal death (OR 2.26, CI 1.07 to 4.75, p = 0.032), congenital abnormality (OR 2.71, CI 1.58 to 4.66, p < 0.001), small for gestational age (OR 16.89, CI 7.07 to 40.37, p < 0.001), and admission to neonatal unit (OR 2.59, CI 1.72 to 3.90, p < 0.001) compared to those without nephropathy. Diabetic retinopathy was associated with any preterm birth (OR 1.67, CI 1.27 to 2.20, p < 0.001) and preeclampsia (OR 2.20, CI 1.57 to 3.10, p < 0.001) but not other complications. The risks of onset or worsening of retinopathy were increased in women who were nulliparous (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.40, p < 0.001), smokers (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.25 to 4.27, p = 0.008), with existing proliferative disease (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.04, p = 0.022), and longer duration of diabetes (weighted mean difference: 4.51 years, 95% CI 2.26 to 6.76, p < 0.001) compared to those without the risk factors. The main limitations of this analysis are the heterogeneity of definition of retinopathy and nephropathy and the inclusion of women both with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In pregnant women with diabetes, presence of nephropathy and/or retinopathy appear to further increase the risks of maternal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Relph
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trusha Patel
- Department of Women’s Health, Barnet Hospital, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa Delaney
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha Sobhy
- Barts Research Centre for Women’s Health (BARC), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in mothers with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty seven pregnant patients with controlled T1DM were included in the study. RESULTS Twenty (54%) out of 37 patients had preterm delivery (<37 weeks of gestation). The type of delivery was induced vaginal delivery in 9 (24.3%) patients and cesarean section in 27 (72.9%) patients. Preeclampsia developed in 6 (16.2%) patients. Macrosomia was found in 9 (24%) patients. Two antenatal death occured. CONCLUSION Even in the most favorable conditions, the pregnant patients with T1DM would have a great risk for preterm delivery and cesarean section, moderate risk for macrosomia, preeclampsia, and an undefined risk for antenatal death.
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