Nedaplatin reduces multidrug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer by downregulating the expression of long non-coding RNA MVIH

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance emergences after treatment. Long non-coding RNA microvascular invasion in hepatic cancer (MVIH) plays an important role in drug resistance in a variety of cancers. This study investigates the role of nedaplatin on multidrug resistance in NSCLC and its relationship with MVIH. Lung cancer A549 and H1650 cells were treated with cisplatin to obtain multidrug-resistant A549/DDP and H1650/ DDP cells. A549/DDP and H1650/ DDP cells were treated with nedaplatin, MVIH siRNA and siRNA NC. It was found that both MVIH siRNA and nedaplatin significantly reduce the mRNA expression of MVIH in A549/DDP and H1650/ DDP cells. MTT assay showed that the proliferation of MDR cells was significantly higher than that of other cells. Nedaplatin and MVIH siRNA significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H1650 cells. The results of colony formation assay were consistence with MTT results. Nedaplatin and MVIH siRNA significantly reduced colony formation in MDR cells. Flow cytometry showed that NDP and MVIH siRNA significantly decrease the proportion of cells in G0/G1 and increase the proportion of cells in S phase compared with untreated and MDR cells. The apoptotic rate of MDR cells was significantly lower than that of other cells, while the apoptosis rate of cells in NDP and MVIH siRNA group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups of cells. Wound healing assay and Transwell chamber experiments confirmed that both NDP and MVIH siRNA significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of MDR cells. The expression of E-cadherin in MDR cells was significantly lower than that in untreated cells, and the expression of N-cad, α-SMA and Vimentin significantly increased in the MDR cells. NPD and MVIH siRNA reverse the EMT process. In conclusion, LncRNA MVIH is upregulated in drug resistant NSCLC cells. Nedaplatin can reduce the expression of MVIH and reverse EMT process, thus reversing the drug resistance of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

[SIRT1 Influences the Sensitivity of A549 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line to Cisplatin via Modulating the Noxa Expression]

背景与目的

非小细胞肺癌的顺铂耐药是常见的临床现象，严重制约了患者的化疗效果，是亟待解决的问题。SIRT1和Noxa的表达变化影响肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。本研究旨在研究SIRT1表达对非小细胞肺癌对顺铂的敏感性的影响，并探讨其涉及Noxa表达的机制，以求为提高非小细胞肺癌细胞对顺铂敏感性提供希望。

方法

利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分析A549细胞及顺铂耐药的A549/DDP细胞SIRT1及Noxa mRNA和蛋白水平的表达差异。利用siRNA干扰技术抑制A549/DDP细胞的SIRT1表达，进而使用Cell Titer Blue试验、流式细胞术从细胞增殖、细胞周期和细胞凋亡方面分析SIRT1沉默对A549/DPP细胞顺铂敏感性的影响。同时利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分析SIRT1抑制对A549/DPP细胞Noxa表达的影响。

结果

A549细胞和A549/DDP细胞对顺铂的敏感性有显著差异，与A549细胞相比，A549/DDP细胞的SIRT1表达较高，但Noxa表达较低。使用siRNA抑制A549/DPP细胞的SIRT1表达后，与未抑制SIRT1细胞相比，4 μg/mL顺铂处理后的细胞存活率降低，G2期/M期阻滞比例增加，凋亡率提高。同时，SIRT1沉默导致A549/DPP细胞的Noxa表达增加。

结论

较高的SIRT1可能引起A549细胞对顺铂的耐药性，抑制SIRT1可以提高A549/DDP细胞对顺铂的敏感性，其机制可能涉及SIRT1对Noxa的调节。

Combined analysis of rearrangement of ALK, ROS1, somatic mutation of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and mRNA expression of ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, EGFR in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical significance

PURPOSE

The assessment of single gene such as ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, ALK, and ROS1 is now widely applied in therapeutic decisions of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of our study was to concurrently analyze these genes and evaluate their clinical significance in patients with NSCLC.

METHODS

Rearrangement of ALK and ROS1 was analyzed in 120 patients using FISH assays. Somatic mutation of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and mRNA expression of ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, EGFR were examined by liquidchip platform in 350 patients . Data on clinical features were obtained from medical records of 119 patients, and the follow-up was conducted in 106 patients who received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

RESULTS

We identified 5.0% ALK rearrangements, 1.7% ROS1 rearrangements, 36.6% EGFR mutations, 8.9% KRAS mutations, 0% BRAF mutations, and 4.0% PIK3CA mutations. Double or coexisting mutations were identified in 13 patients. Significant correlations were observed among EGFR, KRAS mutation, ERCC1, TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, EGFR expression, and clinical features, especially histology (P < 0.05). Significant cross-correlations were observed in some pairs of genes (P < 0.05). Patients with low RRM1 expression had a better progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, EGFR-mutated patients with low RRM1 expression or patients with both ERCC1 and RRM1 low expression had a better PFS (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Combined analysis of these commonly studied genes may promote the individual treatment in NSCLC. RRM1 may be a prognostic and predictive biomarker for PFS in patients with NSCLC who received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and combining EGFR mutation and RRM1 expression or combining ERCC1 and RRM1 expression can enhance prognostic and predictive power for PFS.

EGFR and K-RAS mutations and ERCC1, TUBB3, TYMS, RRM1 and EGFR mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer: Correlation with clinical response to gefitinib or chemotherapy

Personalizing medicines has refined the traditional treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, efforts towards personalizing delivery of care based on the status of EGFR and K-RAS mutations, and mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, TUBB3, TYMS, RRM1 and EGFR by choosing appropriate treatments for 52 patients with NSCLC were discussed. Among these 52 NSCLC patients, there were 14 patients treated with gefitinib. Ten patients with EGFR exon 21 point mutations or exon 19 deletions had better treatment outcomes following gefitinib treatment (71.4%). There were 38 patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Docetaxel-platinum based chemotherapy was chosen as the first-line treatment when the patients had low or median ERCC1/TUBB3 expression and gemcitabine-platinum based chemotherapy was chosen when the patients had low or median ERCC1/RRM1 expression. In total, 26 cases had mRNA expression levels of ERCC1/TUBB3 or ERCC1/RRM1 that could be used to predict the treatment outcomes of chemotherapy (68.4%). The present results indicated that the mutation status of EGFR, as well as the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, TUBB3 and RRM1, could be used as predictors of the response to gefitinib or chemotherapy.