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Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2655. [PMID: 38473900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global and highly synchronized way is a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication process that depends on the bacterial population density and is mediated by small signalling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, QS controls the biofilm formation through the global regulation of gene expression involved in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance and metabolic adaptation. Forming biofilm is one of the crucial mechanisms of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature of human pathogens is the ability to form biofilm, which poses a serious medical issue due to their high susceptibility to traditional antibiotics. Because QS is associated with virulence and biofilm formation, there is a belief that inhibition of QS activity called quorum quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress in biofilm research, focusing on the mechanisms by which biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, become resistant to antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, a potential alternative approach to QS inhibition highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies to control AMR and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Cafaro V, Bosso A, Di Nardo I, D’Amato A, Izzo I, De Riccardis F, Siepi M, Culurciello R, D’Urzo N, Chiarot E, Torre A, Pizzo E, Merola M, Notomista E. The Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of P13#1, a Cathelicidin-like Achiral Peptoid. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1386. [PMID: 37895857 PMCID: PMC10610514 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are powerful molecules with antimicrobial, antibiofilm and endotoxin-scavenging activities. These properties make CAMPs very attractive drugs in the face of the rapid increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, but they are limited by their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. An intriguing solution to this issue could be the development of functional mimics of CAMPs with structures that enable the evasion of proteases. Peptoids (N-substituted glycine oligomers) are an important class of peptidomimetics with interesting benefits: easy synthetic access, intrinsic proteolytic stability and promising bioactivities. Here, we report the characterization of P13#1, a 13-residue peptoid specifically designed to mimic cathelicidins, the best-known and most widespread family of CAMPs. P13#1 showed all the biological activities typically associated with cathelicidins: bactericidal activity over a wide spectrum of strains, including several ESKAPE pathogens; the ability to act in combination with different classes of conventional antibiotics; antibiofilm activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comparable to that of human cathelicidin LL-37; limited toxicity; and an ability to inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory effects which is comparable to that of "the last resource" antibiotic colistin. We further studied the interaction of P13#1 with SDS, LPSs and bacterial cells by using a fluorescent version of P13#1. Finally, in a subcutaneous infection mouse model, it showed antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities comparable to ampicillin and gentamicin without apparent toxicity. The collected data indicate that P13#1 is an excellent candidate for the formulation of new antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Ilaria Di Nardo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Assunta D’Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (I.I.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (I.I.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (I.I.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Marialuisa Siepi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosanna Culurciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Nunzia D’Urzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | | | | | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Marcello Merola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (I.D.N.); (M.S.); (R.C.); (N.D.); (E.P.)
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Leite ML, Duque HM, Rodrigues GR, da Cunha NB, Franco OL. The LL-37 domain: a clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response? Peptides 2023; 165:171011. [PMID: 37068711 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are naturally occurring polypeptide sequences that, in addition to being active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other parasites, may stimulate immunomodulatory responses. Cathelicidins, a family of HDPs, are produced by diverse animal species, such as mammals, fish, birds, amphibians, and reptiles, to protect them against pathogen infections. These peptides have variable C-terminal domains responsible for their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and a highly conserved N-terminal pre-pro region homologous to cathelin. Although cathelicidins are the major components of innate immunity, the molecular basis by which they induce an immune response is still unclear. In this review, we will address the role of the LL-37 domain and its SK-24, IV-20, FK-13 and LL-37 fragments in the immunity response. Other cathelicidins also share structural and functional characteristics with the LL-37 domain, suggesting that these fragments may be responsible for interaction between these peptides and receptors in humans. Fragments of the LL-37 domain can give us clues about how homologous cathelicidins, in general, induce an immune response. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: No data was used for the research described in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lopes Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Harry Morales Duque
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gisele Regina Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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Anju VT, Busi S, Imchen M, Kumavath R, Mohan MS, Salim SA, Subhaswaraj P, Dyavaiah M. Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms: Clinical Significance and Eradication Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121731. [PMID: 36551388 PMCID: PMC9774821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control owing to the chronicity of infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Most microbial infections are contributed by polymicrobial or mixed species interactions, such as those observed in chronic wound infections, otitis media, dental caries, and cystic fibrosis. This review focuses on the polymicrobial interactions among bacterial-bacterial, bacterial-fungal, and fungal-fungal aggregations based on in vitro and in vivo models and different therapeutic interventions available for polymicrobial biofilms. Deciphering the mechanisms of polymicrobial interactions and microbial diversity in chronic infections is very helpful in anti-microbial research. Together, we have discussed the role of metagenomic approaches in studying polymicrobial biofilms. The outstanding progress made in polymicrobial research, especially the model systems and application of metagenomics for detecting, preventing, and controlling infections, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala 671316, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mahima S. Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Simi Asma Salim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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Potential of stem cells for treating infected Diabetic Foot Wounds and Ulcers: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10925-10934. [PMID: 36008608 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infected diabetic foot ulcers (iDFUs) cause great concern, as they generally heal poorly and are precursive of diabetic-related foot amputation and even death. Scientists have tested various techniques in attempts to ascertain the best treatment for iDFUs; however, the results have remained inconclusive. Stem cell therapy (SCT) appears to improve iDFU through its antimicrobial impacts, yet cogent information regarding the repair of iDFUs with SCT is lacking. Herein, published articles are evaluated to report coherent information about the antimicrobial effects of SCT on the repair of iDFUs in diabetic animals and humans. In this systematic review, we searched the Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for relevant full-text English language articles published from 2000 to 2022 that described stem cell antimicrobial treatments, infected diabetic wounds, or ulcers. Ultimately, six preclinical and five clinical studies pertaining to the effectiveness of SCT on healing infected diabetic wounds or ulcers were selected. Some of the human studies confirmed that SCT is a promising therapy for diabetic wounds and ulcers. Notably, more controlled studies performed on animal models revealed that stem cells combined with a biostimulator such as photobiomodulation decreased colony forming units and hastened healing in infected diabetic wounds. Moreover, stem cells alone had lower therapeutic impact than when combined with a biostimulant.
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Sarvari R, Naghili B, Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Poortahmasebi V, Sadrmohammadi M, Hosseini M. Organic/polymeric antibiofilm coatings for surface modification of medical devices. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2066668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raana Sarvari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadrmohammadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Xiao Q, Luo Y, Shi W, Lu Y, Xiong R, Wu X, Huang H, Zhao C, Zeng J, Chen C. The effects of LL-37 on virulence factors related to the quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:284. [PMID: 35434009 PMCID: PMC9011280 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown promise in the treatment of multi-resistant pathogens. It was therefore of interest to analyze the effects of the AMP LL-37 on the regulation of several virulence factors related to the quorum sensing (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in vitro. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by the micro broth dilution method. The expression of QS-related and QS-regulated virulence factor genes was also evaluated. Exotoxin A activity was measured with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (Coenzyme I) method; Elastase activity was detected with the elastin-Congo red (ECR) method; Pyocyanin detection was performed using the chloroform extraction method. The effects of LL-37 were assessed by measuring the expression changes of the virulence protein-encoding genes of the strains with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The MIC of LL-37 against both P. aeruginosa reference strain (ATCC 15692 PAO1) and PA-ΔlasI/rhII was therefore determined to be 256 µg/mL. LL-37 at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) had no significant effects on P. aeruginosa bacterial growth (P>0.05), but significantly downregulated the expression of all 3 virulence factors. Conclusions Interestingly, this effect appeared to be dose-related. These findings suggest that LL-37 could be a potential candidate for QS inhibition against bacterial infection and may have significant clinical potential in the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinggui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Immunomodulatory Properties of Host Defence Peptides in Skin Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070952. [PMID: 34203393 PMCID: PMC8301823 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a vital biological process that aids skin regeneration upon injury. Wound healing failure results from persistent inflammatory conditions observed in diabetes, or autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. Chronic wounds are incurable due to factors like poor oxygenation, aberrant function of peripheral sensory nervature, inadequate nutrients and blood tissue supply. The most significant hallmark of chronic wounds is heavily aberrant immune skin function. The immune response in humans relies on a large network of signalling molecules and their interactions. Research studies have reported on the dual role of host defence peptides (HDPs), which are also often called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Their duality reflects their potential for acting as antibacterial peptides, and as immunodulators that assist in modulating several biological signalling pathways related to processes such as wound healing, autoimmune disease, and others. HDPs may differentially control gene regulation and alter the behaviour of epithelial and immune cells, resulting in modulation of immune responses. In this review, we shed light on the understanding and most recent advances related to molecular mechanisms and immune modulatory features of host defence peptides in human skin wound healing. Understanding their functional role in skin immunity may further inspire topical treatments for chronic wounds.
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Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Cheng H, Chabok R, Alvarez MM, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Phillips KS, Khademhosseini A. Strategies for antimicrobial peptide coatings on medical devices: a review and regulatory science perspective. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:94-120. [PMID: 33070659 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1828810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Indwelling and implanted medical devices are subject to contamination by microbial pathogens during surgery, insertion or injection, and ongoing use, often resulting in severe nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics to reduce the incidence of such infections, as they exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, microbial biofilms, fungi, and viruses. In this review-perspective, we first provide an overview of the progress made in this field over the past decade with an emphasis on the local release of AMPs from implant surfaces and immobilization strategies for incorporating these agents into a wide range of medical device materials. We then provide a regulatory science perspective addressing the characterization and testing of AMP coatings based on the type of immobilization strategy used with a focus on the US market regulatory niche. Our goal is to help narrow the gulf between academic studies and preclinical testing, as well as to support a future literature base in order to develop the regulatory science of antimicrobial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat
- Office of Device Evaluation, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hao Cheng
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rosa Chabok
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Scott Phillips
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sorrentino I, Gargano M, Ricciardelli A, Parrilli E, Buonocore C, de Pascale D, Giardina P, Piscitelli A. Development of anti-bacterial surfaces using a hydrophobin chimeric protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2293-2300. [PMID: 32768482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The search for new approaches for developing antimicrobial surfaces is a challenge of great urgency to prevent and control microbial growth on surfaces. The strategy herein proposed relies on the design of a new, simple and general tool for creating antimicrobial surfaces, based on a hydrophobin chimeric protein which fuses the adhesive self-assembling class I hydrophobin Vmh2 from Pleurotus ostreatus to the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. The recombinant LL37-Vmh2 protein displayed both the adhesive and the antimicrobic properties of its members, and when deposited on polystyrene surface, a positive effect due to the fusion was observed in terms of both efficacy and versatility of the coating. Indeed, the chimeric protein significantly enlarges the range of pathogens affected by Vmh2 layer rendering it able to inhibit three Gram-positive and two Gram-negative pathogens, selected among the renowned biofilm producer bacteria. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis performed on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms formed on coated surfaces proved that, besides inhibiting biofilm formation, the LL37-Vmh2 coating also displayed biocidal activity, since dead cells were present in the biofilm layer. The reported results open new perspectives in various fields of application of LL37, and of antimicrobial peptides in general. LL37-Vmh2 increases the inventory of chimeric hydrophobins, further proving their effectiveness and versatility in surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sorrentino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marika Gargano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ermengilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Donatella de Pascale
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Napoli, Italy; Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica "Anthon Dorn", Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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11
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Yagi H, Chen AF, Hirsch D, Rothenberg AC, Tan J, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells against Staphylococcus aureus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:293. [PMID: 32680544 PMCID: PMC7367313 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been limited advances in the treatment of bone and joint infections, which currently involves a combination of surgery and antibiotic administration. There is a timely need in orthopedics to develop more effective and less invasive forms of antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment. The antibacterial effect of adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The main mechanism of action is postulated to be via MSC production of the cationic antimicrobial peptide, LL-37. Methods This study examines the antimicrobial activity of adipose-derived human MSCs (ASCs) on S. aureus, specifically examining the role of LL-37 and regulation of its expression. Bacteria colony-forming unit (CFU) assay was used to assess antimicrobial activity. Results Our results showed that the ASC-conditioned medium significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus under standard culture conditions with or without the continued presence of ASCs. Also, the treatment of ASCs with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 elevated LL-37 expression and enhanced their antimicrobial activity. In support, treatment with the vitamin D receptor inhibitor, GW0742, blocked the antimicrobial activity of ASCs. Conclusion Our findings clearly demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of adult ASCs against S. aureus and implicate a key regulatory role for vitamin D. Further testing in in vivo models is being pursued to assess the potential application of ASCs as a biocompatible, adjunct treatment for musculoskeletal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Present address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hirsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Adam C Rothenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Present addresses: EvergreenHealth Orthopedic & Sports Care, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Present address The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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12
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CPF-C1 analog with effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA. Biochimie 2020; 176:1-11. [PMID: 32590058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the ability to acquire and develop resistance to antibiotics has been described as a distinct strain emergence event. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is responsible for most global S. aureus bacteremia cases. Bacterial biofilms are one of the primary reasons for drug resistance. Biofilms formed by S. aureus are the most common cause of biofilm-associated infections, which increase the difficulty of treatment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent promising candidates for the future treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial and biofilm-associated infections. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of analogs to increase the druggability of the natural antimicrobial peptide CPF-C1. Among the analogs, CPF-2 showed high antimicrobial activity against MRSA and multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolated from clinics. In the serum and physiological salt environment, CPF-2 also exhibited effective antimicrobial activity. Importantly, CPF-2 did not determine resistance and showed no hemolytic activity at the active concentration. Concerning the mechanism of action, CPF-2 produced a rapid bactericidal effect by interrupting the bacterial membranes. Even more surprisingly, CPF-2 showed an excellent ability to prevent and eradicate biofilms caused by S. aureus and MRSA not only in vitro but also in vivo. Our results suggested that CPF-2 has potential as a lead compound to treat infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA, including the associated biofilms.
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13
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Sadykova VS, Gavryushina IA, Kuvarina AE, Markelova NN, Sedykh NG, Georgieva ML, Barashkova AC, Rogozhin EA. Antimicrobic Activity of the Lipopeptide Emericellipsin A Isolated from Emericellopsis alkalina against Biofilm-Forming Bacteria. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Salamah MF, Ravishankar D, Kodji X, Moraes LA, Williams HF, Vallance TM, Albadawi DA, Vaiyapuri R, Watson K, Gibbins JM, Brain SD, Perretti M, Vaiyapuri S. The endogenous antimicrobial cathelicidin LL37 induces platelet activation and augments thrombus formation. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2973-2985. [PMID: 30413433 PMCID: PMC6234361 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-associated complications including thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage are commonly observed during various inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Despite the reported evidence on numerous mechanisms/molecules that may contribute to the dysfunction of platelets, the primary mechanisms that underpin platelet-associated complications during inflammatory diseases are not fully established. Here, we report the discovery of formyl peptide receptor 2, FPR2/ALX, in platelets and its primary role in the development of platelet-associated complications via ligation with its ligand, LL37. LL37 acts as a powerful endogenous antimicrobial peptide, but it also regulates innate immune responses. We demonstrate the impact of LL37 in the modulation of platelet reactivity, hemostasis, and thrombosis. LL37 activates a range of platelet functions, enhances thrombus formation, and shortens the tail bleeding time in mice. By utilizing a pharmacological inhibitor and Fpr2/3 (an ortholog of human FPR2/ALX)-deficient mice, the functional dependence of LL37 on FPR2/ALX was determined. Because the level of LL37 is increased in numerous inflammatory diseases, these results point toward a critical role for LL37 and FPR2/ALX in the development of platelet-related complications in such diseases. Hence, a better understanding of the clinical relevance of LL37 and FPR2/ALX in diverse pathophysiological settings will pave the way for the development of improved therapeutic strategies for a range of thromboinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F Salamah
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo A Moraes
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harry F Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dina A Albadawi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; and
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Pane K, Cafaro V, Avitabile A, Torres MDT, Vollaro A, De Gregorio E, Catania MR, Di Maro A, Bosso A, Gallo G, Zanfardino A, Varcamonti M, Pizzo E, Di Donato A, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Notomista E. Identification of Novel Cryptic Multifunctional Antimicrobial Peptides from the Human Stomach Enabled by a Computational-Experimental Platform. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2105-2115. [PMID: 30124040 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches are needed to combat antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe a computational-experimental framework for the discovery of novel cryptic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The computational platform, based on previously validated antimicrobial scoring functions, indicated the activation peptide of pepsin A, the main human stomach protease, and its N- and C-terminal halves as antimicrobial peptides. The three peptides from pepsinogen A3 isoform were prepared in a recombinant form using a fusion carrier specifically developed to express toxic peptides in Escherichia coli. Recombinant pepsinogen A3-derived peptides proved to be wide-spectrum antimicrobial agents with MIC values in the range 1.56-50 μM (1.56-12.5 μM for the whole activation peptide). Moreover, the activation peptide was bactericidal at pH 3.5 for relevant foodborne pathogens, suggesting that this new class of previously unexplored AMPs may contribute to microbial surveillance within the human stomach. The peptides showed no toxicity toward human cells and exhibited anti-infective activity in vivo, reducing by up to 4 orders of magnitude the bacterial load in a mouse skin infection model. These peptides thus represent a promising new class of antibiotics. We envision that computationally guided data mining approaches such as the one described here will lead to the discovery of antibiotics from previously unexplored sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pane
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Angela Avitabile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adriana Vollaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples, Vanvitelli, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Timothy K. Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
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16
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Andrea A, Molchanova N, Jenssen H. Antibiofilm Peptides and Peptidomimetics with Focus on Surface Immobilization. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E27. [PMID: 29772735 PMCID: PMC6022873 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms pose a major threat to public health, as they are associated with at least two thirds of all infections. They are highly resilient and render conventional antibiotics inefficient. As a part of the innate immune system, antimicrobial peptides have drawn attention within the last decades, as some of them are able to eradicate biofilms at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels. However, peptides possess a number of disadvantages, such as susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, pH and/or salinity-dependent activity and loss of activity due to binding to serum proteins. Hence, proteolytically stable peptidomimetics were designed to overcome these drawbacks. This paper summarizes the current peptide and peptidomimetic strategies for combating bacteria-associated biofilm infections, both in respect to soluble and surface-functionalized solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Andrea
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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17
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Saporito P, Vang Mouritzen M, Løbner-Olesen A, Jenssen H. LL-37 fragments have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and wound healing potential in HaCaT cell line. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3080. [PMID: 29737589 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common nosocomial pathogen able to form biofilms in indwelling devices, resulting in chronic infections, which are refractory to antibiotics treatment. Staphylococcal biofilms are also associated with the delayed reepithelization and healing of chronic wounds. The human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has been proven active against S. epidermidis biofilms in vitro and to promote wound healing. As previous studies have demonstrated that fragments of LL-37 could possess an equal antibacterial activity as the parent peptide, we tested whether shorter (12-mer) synthetic fragments of LL-37 maintained the antibiofilm and/or immune modulating activity, aiming at the identification of essential regions within the LL-37 parent sequence. Three fragments of LL-37 displayed improved activity against S. epidermidis in terms of biofilm inhibition and eradication, a reduced cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes and erythrocytes. In addition, KR-12 and VQ-12V26 enhanced wound healing potential, relative to LL37. FK-12 and KR-12 are truncated version of the cathelicidin, previously reported as valid antimicrobials, whereas VQ-12V26 is a single substituted LL-37 fragment. Remarkably, the single substitution aspartic acid to valine in position 26 caused gain of antimicrobial function in the inactive VQ-12 fragment. The combination of antibiofilm, wound healing potential, and low cytotoxicity makes KR-12 and VQ-12V26 promising therapeutic agents and lead compounds for further improvement and understanding of antibiofilm and wound healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Saporito
- Section for Functional Genomics and Center for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Section for Functional Genomics and Center for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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18
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Cathelicidin LL-37 Affects Surface and Intracellular Toll-Like Receptor Expression in Tissue Mast Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7357162. [PMID: 29670923 PMCID: PMC5836302 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7357162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, mast cells take part in host defense against microorganisms as they are numerous at the portal of infection, they release many proinflammatory and antimicrobial mediators, and they express pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs. These receptors play a key role in recognition and binding molecules associated with microorganisms and molecules associated with damage. Cathelicidins exhibit direct antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microbes by perturbing their cell membranes. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these molecules in supporting cell activation. We examined the impact of human cathelicidin LL-37 on tissue mast cell TLR expression and distribution. Depending on context, we show that LL-37 stimulation resulted in minor to major effects on TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 expression. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that, upon stimulation, TLRs may translocate from the cell interior to the surface and conversely. FPR2 and EGFR inhibitors reduced the increase in expression of selected receptors. We also established that LL-37 acts as a powerful inducer of CCL3 and ROS generation. These results showed that in response to LL-37, mast cells enhance the capability to detect invading pathogens by modulation of TLR expression in what may be involved FPR2 or EGFR molecules.
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19
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Chan KH, Lee WH, Zhuo S, Ni M. Harnessing supramolecular peptide nanotechnology in biomedical applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1171-1182. [PMID: 28223805 PMCID: PMC5310635 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The harnessing of peptides in biomedical applications is a recent hot topic. This arises mainly from the general biocompatibility of peptides, as well as from the ease of tunability of peptide structure to engineer desired properties. The ease of progression from laboratory testing to clinical trials is evident from the plethora of examples available. In this review, we compare and contrast how three distinct self-assembled peptide nanostructures possess different functions. We have 1) nanofibrils in biomaterials that can interact with cells, 2) nanoparticles that can traverse the bloodstream to deliver its payload and also be bioimaged, and 3) nanotubes that can serve as cross-membrane conduits and as a template for nanowire formation. Through this review, we aim to illustrate how various peptides, in their various self-assembled nanostructures, possess great promise in a wide range of biomedical applications and what more can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Hao Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ni
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Activity of lipo-cyclic γ-AApeptides against biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2565-9. [PMID: 25977094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacterial infection is currently a serious public concern. Their ability to form biofilms further complicates the treatment. Herein we investigated the activity of lipo-cyclic γ-AApeptides against both planktonic cells and biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in comparison to those of the conventional antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Our results suggest that these lipo-cyclic γ-AApeptides exhibit comparable or enhanced performance compared to ciprofloxacin in the prevention of biofilm formation for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, providing a potential alternative treatment and prevention for indwelling device-related infections.
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21
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Wang J, Liu Q, Tian Y, Jian Z, Li H, Wang K. Biodegradable hydrophilic polyurethane PEGU25 loading antimicrobial peptide Bmap-28: a sustained-release membrane able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8634. [PMID: 25727362 PMCID: PMC4345405 DOI: 10.1038/srep08634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter-related infection makes up a large part of hospital infection and contributes 80% to all nosocomial urological infection, costing hundreds of millions dollar per year for treatment. Biodegradable hydrophilic material incorporating antibiotic substance is a promising way to prevent catheter-related infection. And antimicrobial peptide seems an optimal drug for its desirable antibiotic effect. In the current research, we produced a new kind of antibiotic material by incorporating antimicrobial peptide Bmap-28 with polyurethane PEGU25 and tested its effect on Proteus mirabilis in vitro. Compared with the control group, PEGU25 membrane incorporating Bmap-28 had a significant lower bacteria load after co-cultured with the Proteus mirabilis. And its antibiotic effect could be observed throughout the whole 7-day test. Also the Bmap-28 membrane could delay catheter obstruction caused by encrustation. Our findings reveal that PEGU25 incorporating Bmap-28 can well inhibit bacterial biofilm formation of common pathogens for catheter-related urinary tract infection in vitro, which makes it a promising antibiotic material for medical tubes for urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- 1] Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China [2] Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230032, China
| | - Qinyu Liu
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu. 610041, China
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22
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Fernández L, Arroyo R, Espinosa I, Marín M, Jiménez E, Rodríguez JM. Probiotics for human lactational mastitis. Benef Microbes 2014; 5:169-83. [PMID: 24463206 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of culture-dependent and -independent techniques to study the human milk microbiota and microbiome has revealed a complex ecosystem with a much greater diversity than previously anticipated. The potential role of the milk microbiome appears to have implications not only for short- and long-term infant health but also for mammary health. In fact, mammary disbiosis, which may be triggered by a variety of host, microbial and medical factors, often leads to acute, subacute or subclinical mastitis, a condition that represents the first medical cause for undesired weaning. Multiresistance to antibiotics, together with formation of biofilms and mechanisms for evasion of the host immune response, is a common feature among the bacterial agents involved. This explains why this condition uses to be elusive to antibiotic therapy and why the development of new strategies for mastitis management based on probiotics is particularly appealing. In fact, selected lactobacilli strains isolated from breast milk have already shown a high efficacy for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain Probisearch SL, C/ Santiago Grisolía 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - R Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Espinosa
- Probisearch SL, C/ Santiago Grisolía 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - M Marín
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain Probisearch SL, C/ Santiago Grisolía 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
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23
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Di Luca M, Maccari G, Nifosì R. Treatment of microbial biofilms in the post-antibiotic era: prophylactic and therapeutic use of antimicrobial peptides and their design by bioinformatics tools. Pathog Dis 2014; 70:257-70. [PMID: 24515391 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for biofilm infections is particularly challenging because bacteria in these conditions become refractory to antibiotic drugs. The reduced effectiveness of current therapies spurs research for the identification of novel molecules endowed with antimicrobial activities and new mechanisms of antibiofilm action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents, because they represent a novel class of antibiotics with a wide spectrum of activity and a low rate in inducing bacterial resistance. Over the past decades, a large number of naturally occurring AMPs have been identified or predicted from various organisms as effector molecules of the innate immune system playing a crucial role in the first line of defense. Recent studies have shown the ability of some AMPs to act against microbial biofilms, in particular during early phases of biofilm development. Here, we provide a review of the antimicrobial peptides tested on biofilms, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. In addition, we describe the strategies and methods for de novo design of potentially active AMPs and discuss how informatics and computational tools may be exploited to improve antibiofilm effectiveness.
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24
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Strempel N, Neidig A, Nusser M, Geffers R, Vieillard J, Lesouhaitier O, Brenner-Weiss G, Overhage J. Human host defense peptide LL-37 stimulates virulence factor production and adaptive resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82240. [PMID: 24349231 PMCID: PMC3862677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of different virulence factors as well as the ability to rapidly adapt to adverse environmental conditions are important features for the high pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both virulence and adaptive resistance are tightly controlled by a complex regulatory network and respond to external stimuli, such as host signals or antibiotic stress, in a highly specific manner. Here, we demonstrate that physiological concentrations of the human host defense peptide LL-37 promote virulence factor production as well as an adaptive resistance against fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Microarray analyses of P. aeruginosa cells exposed to LL-37 revealed an upregulation of gene clusters involved in the production of quorum sensing molecules and secreted virulence factors (PQS, phenazine, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), elastase and rhamnolipids) and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification as well as an induction of genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps MexCD-OprJ and MexGHI-OpmD. Accordingly, we detected significantly elevated levels of toxic metabolites and proteases in bacterial supernatants after LL-37 treatment. Pre-incubation of bacteria with LL-37 for 2 h led to a decreased susceptibility towards gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Quantitative Realtime PCR results using a PAO1-pqsE mutant strain present evidence that the quinolone response protein and virulence regulator PqsE may be implicated in the regulation of the observed phenotype in response to LL-37. Further experiments with synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides IDR-1018, 1037 and HHC-36 showed no induction of pqsE expression, suggesting a new role of PqsE as highly specific host stress sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Strempel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anke Neidig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Nusser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Genome Analytics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Evreux, France
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Duplantier AJ, van Hoek ML. The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Potential Treatment for Polymicrobial Infected Wounds. Front Immunol 2013; 4:143. [PMID: 23840194 PMCID: PMC3699762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients often have ulcers on their lower-limbs that are infected by multiple biofilm-forming genera of bacteria, and the elimination of the biofilm has proven highly successful in resolving such wounds in patients. To that end, antimicrobial peptides have shown potential as a new anti-biofilm approach. The single human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has been shown to have antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, and have wound-healing effects on the host. The combination of the anti-biofilm effect and wound-healing properties of LL-37 may make it highly effective in resolving polymicrobially infected wounds when topically applied. Such a peptide or its derivatives could be a platform from which to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat biofilm-mediated infections of wounds. This review summarizes known mechanisms that regulate the endogenous levels of LL-37 and discusses the anti-biofilm, antibacterial, and immunological effects of deficient vs. excessive concentrations of LL-37 within the wound environment. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the therapeutic potential of this peptide and other clinically advanced peptides as a potential topical treatment for polymicrobial infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Duplantier
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University , Manassas, VA , USA
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