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Khan ZR, Welsby PJ, Stasik I, Hayes JM. Discovery of Potent Multikinase Type-II Inhibitors Targeting CDK5 in the DFG-out Inactive State with Promising Potential against Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38686637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Kinases have proven valuable targets in successful cancer drug discovery projects, but not yet for malignant brain tumors where type-II inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) stabilizing the DFG-out inactive state has potential for design of selective and clinically efficient drug candidates. In the absence of crystallographic evidence for a CDK5 DFG-out inactive state protein-ligand complex, for the first time, a model was designed using metadynamics/molecular dynamics simulations. Glide docking of the ZINC15 biogenic database identified [pyrimidin-2-yl]amino-furo[3,2-b]-furyl-urea/amide hit chemical scaffolds. For four selected analogues (4, 27, 36, and 42), potent effects on glioblastoma cell viability in U87-MG, T98G, and U251-MG cell lines and patient-derived cultures were generally observed (IC50s ∼ 10-40 μM at 72 h). Selectivity profiling against 11 homologous kinases revealed multikinase inhibition (CDK2, CDK5, CDK9, and GSK-3α/β), most potent for GSK-3α in the nanomolar range (IC50s ∼ 0.23-0.98 μM). These compounds may therefore have diverse anticancer mechanisms of action and are of considerable interest for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra R Khan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Welsby
- Education Directorate, Royal College of Physicians, Liverpool L7 3FA, United Kingdom
| | - Izabela Stasik
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Hayes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Evidence-Based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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Heitmann T, Barrow JC. The Role of Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase in the Central Nervous System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1317. [PMID: 37759717 PMCID: PMC10526494 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol is a unique biological small molecule that can be phosphorylated or even further pyrophosphorylated on each of its six hydroxyl groups. These numerous phosphorylation states of inositol along with the kinases and phosphatases that interconvert them comprise the inositol phosphate signaling pathway. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, or IP6Ks, convert the fully mono-phosphorylated inositol to the pyrophosphate 5-IP7 (also denoted IP7). There are three isoforms of IP6K: IP6K1, 2, and 3. Decades of work have established a central role for IP6Ks in cell signaling. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of IP6Ks in vivo and in vitro has shown their importance in metabolic disease, chronic kidney disease, insulin signaling, phosphate homeostasis, and numerous other cellular and physiologic processes. In addition to these peripheral processes, a growing body of literature has shown the role of IP6Ks in the central nervous system (CNS). IP6Ks have a key role in synaptic vesicle regulation, Akt/GSK3 signaling, neuronal migration, cell death, autophagy, nuclear translocation, and phosphate homeostasis. IP6Ks' regulation of these cellular processes has functional implications in vivo in behavior and CNS anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Heitmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 North Wolfe Street Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James C. Barrow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 North Wolfe Street Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Čović M, Zjalić M, Mihajlović L, Pap M, Wagner J, Mandić D, Debeljak Ž, Heffer M. Sucralose Targets the Insulin Signaling Pathway in the SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Metabolites 2023; 13:817. [PMID: 37512524 PMCID: PMC10385368 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucralose is widely used as a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS). However, in order to justify its use as a non-nutritive food additive, sucralose would have to be metabolically neutral. The aim of this study was to examine whether sucralose altered the insulin signaling pathway in an in vitro cell model of Parkinson's disease (PD)-the dopaminergic differentiated cell line SH-SY5Y. Cells were exposed to sucralose alone and in combination with either insulin or levodopa. Activation of the insulin signaling pathway was assessed by quantifying protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), as well as the phosphorylated forms of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1-R). Metabolic effects were assayed using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. In the cell viability test, 2 mM sucralose had a negative effect, and levodopa in all combinations had a positive effect. Sucralose treatment alone suppressed GSK3 and IGF1-R phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. This treatment also altered the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, especially when combined with insulin and levodopa. Suppression of the insulin signaling pathway and sucralose-induced changes in the metabolic profile could underlie a diet-acquired insulin resistance, previously associated with neurodegeneration, or may be an altered response to insulin or levodopa medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Čović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lovro Mihajlović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marianna Pap
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Mandić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Zhang G, Lan B, Zhang X, Lin M, Liu Y, Chen J, Guo F. AR-A014418 regulates intronic polyadenylation and transcription of PD-L1 through inhibiting CDK12 and CDK13 in tumor cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006483. [PMID: 37164450 PMCID: PMC10174041 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint molecules, especially programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), protect tumor cells from T cell-mediated killing. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, designed to restore the antitumor immunosurveillance, have exhibited significant clinical benefits for patients with certain cancer types. Nevertheless, the relatively low response rate and acquisition of resistance greatly limit their clinical applications. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 protein expression and activity will help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. METHODS The effects of AR-A014418 and THZ531 on PD-L1 expression were detected by western blot, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry. In vitro kinase assays with recombinant proteins were performed to confirm that AR-A014418 functioned as a CDK12 and CDK13 dual inhibitor. The roles of CDK12 and CDK13 in intronic polyadenylation (IPA) and transcription of PD-L1 were determined via RNA interference or protein overexpression. T-cell cytotoxicity assays were used to validate the activation of antitumor immunity by AR-A014418 and THZ531. RESULTS AR-A014418 inhibits CDK12 to enhance the IPA, and inhibits CDK13 to repress the transcription of PD-L1. IPA generates a secreted PD-L1 isoform (PD-L1-v4). The extent of IPA was not enough to reduce full-length PD-L1 expression obviously. Only the superposition of enhancing IPA and repressing transcription (dual inhibition of CDK12 and CDK13) dramatically suppresses full-length PD-L1 induction by interferon-γ. AR-A014418 and THZ531 could potentiate T-cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Our work identifies a new regulatory pathway for PD-L1 expression and discovers CDK12 and CDK13 as promising drug targets for immune modulation and combined therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells via the β-catenin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:802-810. [PMID: 35756816 PMCID: PMC9201544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibitor enhances bone formation, while dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are potentially used to repair bone defects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of AR-A014418 (AR, a specific glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor) on the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat-derived dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs), and further explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods rDPSCs were isolated from rats, and then cultured with different concentrations of AR with or without LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). Then, cell viability, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and the involvement of PI3K pathway were detected by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, Alizarin Red S Staining, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Western blot, and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Our present study demonstrated that AR of various concentrations (1 μM, 2.5 μM, and 5 μM) not only promoted the rDPSC proliferation and migration, but also increased calcium deposition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OPN, OCN, and OSX) in rDPSCs. It was also found that the administration of AR resulted in an increase in the expression level of p-GSK3β (Ser), β-catenin, p-PI3K, and p-Akt, and a reduction in p-GSK3β (Tyr216). Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the enhanced cell migration and osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs induced by AR. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that AR significantly promotes migration and osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs by activating β-catenin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Synthetic Heterocyclic Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors Tested for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237069. [PMID: 34885651 PMCID: PMC8658969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, small molecules endowed with different heterocyclic scaffolds have been developed as kinase inhibitors. Some of them are being tested at preclinical or clinical levels for the potential treatment of neuroblastoma (NB). This disease is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and is responsible for 10% to 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Despite the availability of some treatments, including the use of very toxic cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, high-risk (HR)-NB patients still have a poor prognosis and a survival rate below 50%. For these reasons, new pharmacological options are urgently needed. This review focuses on synthetic heterocyclic compounds published in the last five years, which showed at least some activity on this severe disease and act as kinase inhibitors. The specific mechanism of action, selectivity, and biological activity of these drug candidates are described, when established. Moreover, the most remarkable clinical trials are reported. Importantly, kinase inhibitors approved for other diseases have shown to be active and endowed with lower toxicity compared to conventional cytotoxic agents. The data collected in this article can be particularly useful for the researchers working in this area.
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Pecoraro C, Faggion B, Balboni B, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Diana P, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E. GSK3β as a novel promising target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100779. [PMID: 34461526 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and intrinsic chemoresistance. Most pancreatic cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease characterized by inherent resistance to chemotherapy. These features pose a series of therapeutic challenges and new targets are urgently needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase, which regulates key cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK3β is implicated in non-malignant and malignant diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. GSK3β recently emerged among the key factors involved in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer, as well as in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Intensive research has been conducted on key oncogenic functions of GSK3β and its potential as a druggable target; currently developed GSK3β inhibitors display promising results in preclinical models of distinct tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the latest findings about GSK-3β biology and its role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic agents targeting GSK3β that could be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs to surmount chemoresistance. Several studies are also defining potential gene signatures to identify patients who might benefit from GSK3β-based therapeutic intervention. This detailed overview emphasizes the urgent need of additional molecular studies on the impact of GSK3β inhibition as well as structural analysis of novel compounds and omics studies of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Faggion
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy, and Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy.
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Chen L, Zuo Y, Pan R, Ye Z, Wei K, Xia S, Li W, Tan J, Xia X. GSK-3β Regulates the Expression of P21 to Promote the Progression of Chordoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:201-214. [PMID: 33469364 PMCID: PMC7810826 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor transformed from the remnants of notochord. It is characterized as highly aggressive and locally invasive, difficult to be completely removed by surgery, and has a poor clinical prognosis. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) is involved in many cellular processes. GSK-3β overexpression has been shown to promote the development of many cancers, according to previous studies. However, the role of GSK-3β in chordoma remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) were performed on clinical specimens to measure GSK-3β expression in chordoma, and immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were performed to examine the expression of GSK-3β and P21 in cell lines. Cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 assay and colony formation analysis, cell migration and invasion checked by Transwell experiments, and cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. P21 was predicted as a downstream target gene of GSK-3β using STRING and UNIHI databases. Moreover, we used immunoprecipitation to confirm that GSK-3β and P21 interacted with each other. The double luciferase reporter gene assay showed that GSK-3β could regulate the promoter activity of P21. Finally, the role of the GSK-3β -P21 pathway in chordoma tumorigenesis was analyzed in vivo in nude mice. Results Our study showed that GSK-3β was significantly higher in chordoma tissues than in paracancer tissues, and siRNA knockdown of GSK-3β inhibited chordoma cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, our research found that GSK-3β bound and downregulated the expression of the P21 gene, and the expression of silencing P21 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of knockdown GSK-3β on chordoma. Furthermore, xenografts showed that knockdown GSK-3β inhibited the formation of chordomas in vivo. Conclusion Our results indicated that the GSK-3β-P21 axis may be an important signaling pathway for the occurrence and development of chordoma, providing a new therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailun Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohuai Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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GSK3α: An Important Paralog in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121683. [PMID: 33339170 PMCID: PMC7765659 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is fulfilled by two paralogs named GSK3α and GSK3β, which possess both redundancy and specific functions. The upregulated activity of these proteins is linked to the development of disorders such as neurodegenerative disorders (ND) and cancer. Although various chemical inhibitors of these enzymes restore the brain functions in models of ND such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and reduce the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, the particular contribution of each paralog to these effects remains unclear as these molecules downregulate the activity of both paralogs with a similar efficacy. Moreover, given that GSK3 paralogs phosphorylate more than 100 substrates, the simultaneous inhibition of both enzymes has detrimental effects during long-term inhibition. Although the GSK3β kinase function has usually been taken as the global GSK3 activity, in the last few years, a growing interest in the study of GSK3α has emerged because several studies have recognized it as the main GSK3 paralog involved in a variety of diseases. This review summarizes the current biological evidence on the role of GSK3α in AD and various types of cancer. We also provide a discussion on some strategies that may lead to the design of the paralog-specific inhibition of GSK3α.
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Xing Q, Liu S, Jiang S, Li T, Wang Z, Wang Y. Prognostic model of 10 immune-related genes and identification of small molecule drugs in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2054-2070. [PMID: 33209669 PMCID: PMC7658175 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to establish an immune-related gene (IRG) based signature that could provide guidance for clinical bladder cancer (BC) prognostic surveillance. Methods Differentially expressed IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) between BCs and normal tissues were extracted from transcriptome data downloaded from the TCGA database. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to identify related pathways based on differently expressed IRGs. Then, univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate IRGs with prognostic values and LASSO penalized Cox regression analysis was utilized to develop the prognostic index (PI) model. Results A total of 411 BC tissue samples and 19 normal bladder tissues in the TCGA database were enrolled in this study and 259 differentially expressed IRGs were identified. Networks between TFs and IRGs were also provided to seek the upstream regulators of differentially expressed IRGs. By means of univariate Cox regression analysis, 57 IRGs were analyzed with prognostic values and 10 IRGs were finally identified by LASSO penalized Cox regression analysis to construct the PI model. This model could significantly classified BC patients into high-risk group and low-risk group in terms of OS (P=9.923e-07) and its AUC reached 0.711. By means of univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis, this PI was proven to be a valuable independent prognostic factor (HR =1.119, 95% CI =1.066-1.175, P<0.001). CMap database analysis was also utilized to screen out 10 small molecules drugs with the potential for the treatment of BC. Conclusions Our study successfully provided a novel PI based on IRGs with the potential to predict the prognosis of BC and screened out 10 small molecules drugs with the potential to treat BC. Besides, networks between TFs and IRGs were also displayed to seek its upstream regulators for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Silin Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Lee YC, Shi YJ, Wang LJ, Chiou JT, Huang CH, Chang LS. GSK3β suppression inhibits MCL1 protein synthesis in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:570-586. [PMID: 32572959 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) suppression is a potential strategy for human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. However, the cytotoxic mechanism associated with GSK3β suppression remains unresolved. Thus, the underlying mechanism of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea (AR-A014418)-elicited GSK3β suppression in the induction of AML U937 and HL-60 cell death was investigated in this study. Our study revealed that AR-A014418-induced MCL1 downregulation remarkably elicited apoptosis of U937 cells. Furthermore, the AR-A014418 treatment increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylated Akt and ERK levels. Activation of p38 MAPK subsequently evoked autophagic degradation of 4EBP1, while Akt inactivation suppressed mTOR-mediated 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, AR-A014418-elicited ERK inactivation inhibited Mnk1-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation, which inhibited MCL1 mRNA translation in U937 cells. In contrast to GSK3α, GSK3β downregulation recapitulated the effect of AR-A014418 in U937 cells. Transfection of constitutively active GSK3β or cotransfection of constitutively activated MEK1 and Akt suppressed AR-A014418-induced MCL1 downregulation. Moreover, AR-A014418 sensitized U937 cells to ABT-263 (BCL2/BCL2L1 inhibitor) cytotoxicity owing to MCL1 suppression. Collectively, these results indicate that AR-A014418-induced GSK3β suppression inhibits ERK-Mnk1-eIF4E axis-modulated de novo MCL1 protein synthesis and thereby results in U937 cell apoptosis. Our findings also indicate a similar pathway underlying AR-A014418-induced death in human AML HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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Synthesis of deuterium-labeled 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)urea (AR-A014418) as an internal standard for LC–MS analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Pharmacological polyamine catabolism upregulation with methionine salvage pathway inhibition as an effective prostate cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 31911608 PMCID: PMC6946658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatic luminal epithelial cells secrete high levels of acetylated polyamines into the prostatic lumen, sensitizing them to perturbations of connected metabolic pathways. Enhanced flux is driven by spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity, which acetylates polyamines leading to their secretion and drives biosynthetic demand. The methionine salvage pathway recycles one-carbon units lost to polyamine biosynthesis to the methionine cycle to overcome stress. Prostate cancer (CaP) relies on methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), the rate-limiting enzyme, to relieve strain. Here, we show that inhibition of MTAP alongside SSAT upregulation is synergistic in androgen sensitive and castration recurrent CaP models in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment increases apoptosis in radical prostatectomy ex vivo explant samples. This unique high metabolic flux through polyamine biosynthesis and connected one carbon metabolism in CaP creates a metabolic dependency. Enhancing this flux while simultaneously targeting this dependency in prostate cancer results in an effective therapeutic approach potentially translatable to the clinic. Prostate cancer cells depend on MTAP, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the methionine salvage pathway, to cope with increased polyamine biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that inducing upregulation of polyamine biosynthesis and targeting MTAP synergize to increase apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
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14
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Yan X, Li Z, Li H, Liu P, Zhao Z, Cheng S, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Inhibition Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta Suppresses The Growth And Survival Of Skull Base Chordoma Cells By Downregulating Brachyury Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9783-9791. [PMID: 31819479 PMCID: PMC6874116 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s218930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chordomas are locally aggressive tumors arising from notochordal remnants. Brachyury, a protein coded by T-gene, is crucial for chordoma cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activity on brachyury expression and on the growth and survival of skull base chordoma cells. Patients and methods In this study, 16 paraffin-embedded specimens of primary skull base chordomas were analyzed for the expression of phosphorylated GSK3β and brachyury using immunohistochemistry. The UM-Chor1 cell line derived from a clival chordoma was treated with AR-A014418 (AR), an inhibitor of GSK3β, and brachyury expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The possible mechanism by which brachyury regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated by immunocytochemistry. The effects of AR on cell proliferation as well as sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs were also examined. Results The results suggested that phosphorylated GSK3β and brachyury were upregulated in chordoma tissues. The GSK3β inhibitor (AR) decreased brachyury expression and suppressed the growth and survival of the chordoma cells, possibly via regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, AR increased the sensitivity of chordoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the clinical development of the GSK3β inhibitor (AR-A014418) as a potential chemotherapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Skull Base Surgery Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Skull Base Surgery Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Skull Base Surgery Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Inhibition of GSK-3β activity suppresses HCC malignant phenotype by inhibiting glycolysis via activating AMPK/mTOR signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 463:11-26. [PMID: 31404613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) has been shown to play a critical role in the development of many cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Deregulating cellular energetics is a signature hallmark of cancer, therefore modulating cancer metabolism has become an attractive anti-cancer approach in recent years. As a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, understanding the role of GSK-3β in cancer metabolic process may facilitate the development of effective therapeutic approach for HCC. In this study, we showed that inhibition of GSK-3β led to diminished viability, metastasis and tumorigenicity in HCC cells. Suppression of GSK-3β activity also reduced glucose consumption, lactate production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in HCC cells. The decreased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and down-regulated key enzymes on the glycolysis pathway by GSK3β inhibition demonstrated that GSK-3β was involved in glycolysis process of HCC. Mechanistically, the metabolic change and anti-cancer effect by GSK-3β inhibition was achieved mainly through activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which negatively affected glycolysis and cell proliferation. The results from primary HCC cells and from in vivo nude mice model confirmed our observations. Our study results indicated that GSK-3β may become a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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16
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9-ING-41, a small-molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor, is active in neuroblastoma. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:717-724. [PMID: 29846250 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advanced stage neuroblastoma is a very aggressive pediatric cancer with limited treatment options and a high mortality rate. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Using immunohistochemical staining, we observed positive GSK-3β expression in 67% of human neuroblastomas (34 of 51 cases). Chemically distinct GSK-3 inhibitors (AR-A014418, TDZD-8, and 9-ING-41) suppressed the growth of neuroblastoma cells, whereas 9-ING-41, a clinically relevant small-molecule GSK-3β inhibitor with broad-spectrum preclinical antitumor activity, being the most potent. Inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in a decreased expression of the antiapoptotic molecule XIAP and an increase in neuroblastoma cell apoptosis. Mouse xenograft studies showed that the combination of clinically relevant doses of CPT-11 and 9-ING-41 led to greater antitumor effect than was observed with either agent alone. These data support the inclusion of patients with advanced neuroblastoma in clinical studies of 9-ING-41, especially in combination with CPT-11.
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17
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Ugolkov AV, Matsangou M, Taxter TJ, O'Halloran TV, Cryns VL, Giles FJ, Mazar AP. Aberrant expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in human breast and head and neck cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6437-6444. [PMID: 30405781 PMCID: PMC6202539 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target in human cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate aberrant expression of GSK-3β as a potential biomarker in human breast and head and neck cancers. Nuclear/cytosolic fractionation, immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining was used to study the expression of GSK-3β in human breast and head and neck cancer. Aberrant nuclear accumulation of GSK-3β in five human breast cancer cell lines was demonstrated and in 89/128 (70%) human breast carcinomas, whereas no detectable expression of GSK-3β was found in benign breast tissue. Nuclear GSK-3β expression was associated with HER-2 positive tumors (P=0.02) and non-triple negative breast carcinomas (P=0.0001), although nuclear GSK-3β was observed in some samples across all breast cancer subtypes. Aberrant nuclear expression of GSK-3β was found in 11/15 (73%) squamous cell head and neck carcinomas, whereas weak or no detectable expression of GSK-3β was found in benign salivary gland and other benign head and neck tissues. These results support the hypothesis that aberrant nuclear GSK-3β may represent a potential target for the clinical treatment of human breast and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Ugolkov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maria Matsangou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy J Taxter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Francis J Giles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Monopar Therapeutics, Inc., Wilmette, IL 60091, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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18
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Muñoz-Osses M, Godoy F, Fierro A, Gómez A, Metzler-Nolte N. New organometallic imines of rhenium(i) as potential ligands of GSK-3β: synthesis, characterization and biological studies. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1233-1242. [PMID: 29299575 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substituted amino-piperazine derivatives were synthesized and used as precursors for the preparation of a series of new organometallic Re(i) imine complexes with the general formula [(η5-C5H4CH[double bond, length as m-dash]N-(CH2)5-Pz-R)Re(CO)3] (Pz-R: -alkyl or aryl piperazine). The piperazine-based ligands were designed to be potential inhibitors of GSK-3β kinase. All the ligands and complexes were fully characterized and evaluated against the HT-29 and PT-45 cancer cell lines, in which GSK-3β plays a crucial role. In this context, we carried out biological evaluation using the MTT colorimetric assay. In terms of structure activity relationship, our findings indicated improved biological activity when aromaticity increased in the organic ligands (3d). In addition, the presence of the rhenium fragment in the imines (5a-d) leads to better activity with IC50 values in the range of 25-100 μM. In addition, our experimental studies were complemented by computational studies, where the volume and electrostatic surface of the organic ligands and organometallic compounds as well as their binding to the kinase protein are calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Muñoz-Osses
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Bettinsoli P, Ferrari-Toninelli G, Bonini SA, Guarienti M, Cangelosi D, Varesio L, Memo M. Favorable prognostic role of tropomodulins in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27092-27103. [PMID: 29930753 PMCID: PMC6007461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the sympatoadrenal lineage of the neural crest characterized by high molecular and clinical heterogeneity, which are the main causes of the poor response to standard multimodal therapy. The identification of new and selective biomarkers is important to improve our knowledge on the mechanisms of neuroblastoma progression and to find the targets for innovative cancer therapies. This study identifies a positive correlation among tropomodulins (TMODs) proteins expression and neuroblastoma progression. TMODs bind the pointed end of actin filaments, regulate polymerization and depolymerization processes modifying actin cytoskeletal dynamic and influencing neuronal development processes. Expression levels of TMODs genes were analyzed in 17 datasets comprising different types of tumors, including neuroblastoma, and it was demonstrated that high levels of tropomodulin1 (TMOD1) and tropomodulin 2 (TMOD2) correlate positively with high survival probability and with favorable clinical and molecular characteristics. Functional studies on neuroblastoma cell lines, showed that TMOD1 knockin induced cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation arrest and a mature functional differentiation. TMOD1 overexpression was responsible for particular cell morphology and biochemical changes which directed cells towards a neuronal favorable differentiation profile. TMOD1 downregulation also induced cell proliferation arrest but caused the loss of mature cell differentiation and promoted the development of neuroendocrine cellular characteristics, delineating an aggressive and unfavorable tumor behavior. Overall, these data indicated that TMODs are favorable prognostic biomarkers in neuroblastoma and we believe that they could contribute to unravel a new pathophysiological mechanism of neuroblastoma resistance contributing to the design of personalized therapeutics opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bettinsoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrari-Toninelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Anna Bonini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Guarienti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy
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20
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Kolisnyk B, Al-Onaizi M, Soreq L, Barbash S, Bekenstein U, Haberman N, Hanin G, Kish MT, Souza da Silva J, Fahnestock M, Ule J, Soreq H, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Cholinergic Surveillance over Hippocampal RNA Metabolism and Alzheimer's-Like Pathology. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3553-3567. [PMID: 27312991 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between long-term cholinergic dysfunction and risk of developing dementia is poorly understood. Here we used mice with deletion of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the forebrain to model cholinergic abnormalities observed in dementia. Whole-genome RNA sequencing of hippocampal samples revealed that cholinergic failure causes changes in RNA metabolism. Remarkably, key transcripts related to Alzheimer's disease are affected. BACE1, for instance, shows abnormal splicing caused by decreased expression of the splicing regulator hnRNPA2/B1. Resulting BACE1 overexpression leads to increased APP processing and accumulation of soluble Aβ1-42. This is accompanied by age-related increases in GSK3 activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, decreased synaptic markers, increased neuronal death, and deteriorating cognition. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 hyperactivation reversed deficits in synaptic markers and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by cholinergic dysfunction, indicating a key role for GSK3 in some of these pathological changes. Interestingly, in human brains there was a high correlation between decreased levels of VAChT and hnRNPA2/B1 levels with increased tau hyperphosphorylation. These results suggest that changes in RNA processing caused by cholinergic loss can facilitate Alzheimer's-like pathology in mice, providing a mechanism by which decreased cholinergic tone may increase risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Lilach Soreq
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Shahar Barbash
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uriya Bekenstein
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nejc Haberman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Geula Hanin
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Maxine T Kish
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
| | | | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaL8S 4K1
| | - Jernej Ule
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
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21
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Kunnimalaiyaan S, Schwartz VK, Jackson IA, Clark Gamblin T, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of LY2090314, a GSK-3 inhibitor, in neuroblastoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:560. [PMID: 29751783 PMCID: PMC5948712 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a devastating disease. Despite recent advances in the treatment of NB, about 60% of high-risk NB will have relapse and therefore long-term event free survival is very minimal. We have reported that targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) may be a potential strategy to treat NB. Consequently, investigating LY2090314, a clinically relevant GSK-3 inhibitor, on NB cellular proliferation and may be beneficial for NB treatment. Methods The effect of LY2090314 was compared with a previously studied GSK-3 inhibitor, Tideglusib. Colorimetric, clonogenic, and live-cell image confluency assays were used to study the proliferative effect of LY2090314 on NB cell lines (NGP, SK-N-AS, and SH-SY-5Y). Western blotting and caspase glo assay were performed to determine the mechanistic function of LY2090314 in NB cell lines. Results LY2090314 treatment exhibited significant growth reduction starting at a 20 nM concentration in NGP, SK-N-AS, and SH-SY-5Y cells. Western blot analysis indicated that growth suppression was due to apoptosis as evidenced by an increase in pro-apoptotic markers cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 and a reduction in the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. Further, treatment significantly reduced the level of cyclin D1, a key regulatory protein of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Functionally, this was confirmed by an increase in caspase activity. LY2090314 treatment reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated GSK-3 proteins and increased the stability of β-catenin in these cells. Conclusions LY2090314 effectively reduces growth of both human MYCN amplified and non-amplified NB cell lines in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the effect of LY2090314 in NB cell lines. These results indicate that GSK-3 may be a therapeutic target for NB and provide rationale for further preclinical analysis using LY2090314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Victoriana K Schwartz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Iris Alao Jackson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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22
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The essential role of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14380-93. [PMID: 26910893 PMCID: PMC4924722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatic epithelial cells secrete high levels of acetylated polyamines into the prostatic lumen. This distinctive characteristic places added strain on the connected pathways, which are forced to increase metabolite production to maintain pools. The methionine salvage pathway recycles the one-carbon unit lost to polyamine biosynthesis back to the methionine cycle, allowing for replenishment of SAM pools providing a mechanism to help mitigate metabolic stress associated with high flux through these pathways. The rate-limiting enzyme involved in this process is methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), which, although commonly deleted in many cancers, is protected in prostate cancer. We report near universal retention of MTAP expression in a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines as well as patient samples. Upon metabolic perturbation, prostate cancer cell lines upregulate MTAP and this correlates with recovery of SAM levels. Furthermore, in a mouse model of prostate cancer we find that both normal prostate and diseased prostate maintain higher SAM levels than other tissues, even under increased metabolic stress. Finally, we show that knockdown of MTAP, both genetically and pharmacologically, blocks androgen sensitive prostate cancer growth in vivo. Our findings strongly suggest that the methionine salvage pathway is a major player in homeostatic regulation of metabolite pools in prostate cancer due to their high level of flux through the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, this pathway, and specifically the MTAP enzyme, is an attractive therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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23
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The selective PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 as a novel therapeutic option for neuroendocrine tumors: Results from multiple cell line models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182852. [PMID: 28800359 PMCID: PMC5553670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The therapeutic options for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are limited. As PI3K signaling is often activated in NETs, we have assessed the effects of selective PI3Kp110α inhibition by the novel agent BYL719 on cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, signaling pathways, differentiation and secretion in pancreatic (BON-1, QGP-1) and pulmonary (H727) NET cell lines. Methods Cell viability was investigated by WST-1 assay, colony formation by clonogenic assay, apoptosis by caspase3/7 assay, the cell cycle by FACS, cell signaling by Western blot analysis, expression of chromogranin A and somatostatin receptors 1/2/5 by RT-qPCR, and chromogranin A secretion by ELISA. Results BYL719 dose-dependently decreased cell viability and colony formation with the highest sensitivity in BON-1, followed by H727, and lowest sensitivity in QGP-1 cells. BYL719 induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest associated with increased p27 expression. Western blots showed inhibition of PI3K downstream targets to a varying degree in the different cell lines, but IGF1R activation. The most sensitive BON-1 cells displayed a significant, and H727 cells a non-significant, GSK3 inhibition after BYL719 treatment, but these effects do not appear to be mediated through the IGF1R. In contrast, the most resistant QGP-1 cells showed no GSK3 inhibition, but a modest activation, which would partially counteract the other anti-proliferative effects. Accordingly, BYL719 enhanced neuroendocrine differentiation with the strongest effect in BON-1, followed by H727 cells indicated by induction of chromogranin A and somatostatin receptor 1/2 mRNA-synthesis, but not in QGP-1 cells. In BON-1 and QGP-1 cells, the BYL719/everolimus combination was synergistic through simultaneous AKT/mTORC1 inhibition, and significantly increased somatostatin receptor 2 transcription compared to each drug separately. Conclusion Our results suggest that the agent BYL719 could be a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of NETs that may sensitize NET cells to somatostatin analogs, and that if there is resistance to its action this may be overcome by combination with everolimus.
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24
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Cervello M, Augello G, Cusimano A, Emma MR, Balasus D, Azzolina A, McCubrey JA, Montalto G. Pivotal roles of glycogen synthase-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 65:59-76. [PMID: 28619606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and represents the second most frequently cancer and third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. At advanced stage, HCC is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and with very limited response to common therapies. Therefore, there is still the need for new effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategies. Molecular-targeted therapies hold promise for HCC treatment. One promising molecular target is the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The roles of GSK-3β in HCC remain controversial, several studies suggested a possible role of GSK-3β as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC, whereas, other studies indicate that GSK-3β is a potential therapeutic target for this neoplasia. In this review, we will focus on the different roles that GSK-3 plays in HCC and its interaction with signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC, such as Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog (HH), and TGF-β pathways. In addition, the pivotal roles of GSK3 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Emma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Balasus
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Biomedic Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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25
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Walz A, Ugolkov A, Chandra S, Kozikowski A, Carneiro BA, O'Halloran TV, Giles FJ, Billadeau DD, Mazar AP. Molecular Pathways: Revisiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β as a Target for the Treatment of Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1891-1897. [PMID: 28053024 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is a complex regulator of numerous cellular functions. GSK-3β is a unique kinase which is constitutively active in resting and nonstimulated cells. GSK-3β has been implicated in a wide range of diseases including neurodegeneration, inflammation and fibrosis, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and cancer. It is a regulator of NF-κB-mediated survival of cancer cells, which provided a rationale for the development of GSK-3 inhibitors targeting malignant tumors. Recent studies, many of them reported over the past decade, have identified GSK-3β as a potential therapeutic target in more than 15 different types of cancer. Whereas only active GSK-3β is expressed in cancer cell nucleus, aberrant nuclear accumulation of GSK-3β has been identified as a hallmark of cancer cells in malignant tumors of different origin. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical development of GSK-3 inhibitors and the potential therapeutic impact of targeting GSK-3β in human cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1891-7. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Walz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrey Ugolkov
- Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Sunandana Chandra
- Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan Kozikowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Francis J Giles
- Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Monopar Therapeutics, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois
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26
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Ugolkov A, Gaisina I, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD, White K, Kozikowski A, Jain S, Cristofanilli M, Giles F, O'Halloran T, Cryns VL, Mazar AP. GSK-3 inhibition overcomes chemoresistance in human breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:384-392. [PMID: 27424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is an emerging therapeutic target in the treatment of human breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that the pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 by two novel small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors, 9-ING-41 and 9-ING-87, reduced the viability of breast cancer cells but had little effect on non-tumorigenic cell growth. Moreover, treatment with 9-ING-41 enhanced the antitumor effect of irinotecan (CPT-11) against breast cancer cells in vitro. We next established two patient-derived xenograft tumor models (BC-1 and BC-2) from metastatic pleural effusions obtained from patients with progressive, chemorefractory breast cancer and demonstrated that 9-ING-41 also potentiated the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug CPT-11 in vivo, leading to regression of established BC-1 and BC-2 tumors in mice. Our results suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3 is a promising therapeutic approach to overcome chemoresistance in human breast cancer, and identify the GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 as a candidate targeted agent for metastatic breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ugolkov
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Galter Suite 3-150, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Irina Gaisina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, KCBD 10100A, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alan Kozikowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarika Jain
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Galter Suite 3-150, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Olson Pavilion, 233 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Galter Suite 3-150, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Olson Pavilion, 233 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Francis Giles
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Galter Suite 3-150, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Olson Pavilion, 233 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas O'Halloran
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Olson Pavilion, 233 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Searle Building 8-510, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Fasting induces a subcutaneous-to-visceral fat switch mediated by microRNA-149-3p and suppression of PRDM16. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11533. [PMID: 27240637 PMCID: PMC4895052 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is strongly associated with metabolic disease risk, whereas
subcutaneous adiposity is comparatively benign. However, their relative
physiological importance in energy homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we show that
after 24-h fasting, the subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice acquires key properties
of visceral fat. During this fast-induced ‘visceralization',
upregulation of miR-149-3p directly targets PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), a key
coregulatory protein required for the ‘browning' of white fat. In
cultured inguinal preadipocytes, overexpression of miR-149-3p promotes a
visceral-like switch during cell differentiation. Mice deficient in miR-149-3p
display an increase in whole-body energy expenditure, with enhanced thermogenesis of
inguinal fat. However, a visceral-like adipose phenotype is observed in inguinal
depots overexpressing miR-149-3p. These results indicate that in addition to the
capacity of ‘browning' to defend against hypothermia during cold
exposure, the subcutaneous adipose depot is also capable of ‘whitening'
to preserve energy during fasting, presumably to maintain energy balance, via
miR-149-3p-mediated regulation of PRDM16. Visceral adiposity is associated with metabolic diseases, whereas
subcutaneous adiposity is comparatively benign. Here, the authors report that
subcutaneous adipose tissue adopts visceral-like characteristics in response to
prolonged fasting, and show this is mediated by miR-149-3p and its target,
PRDM16.
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Middelbeek J, Visser D, Henneman L, Kamermans A, Kuipers AJ, Hoogerbrugge PM, Jalink K, van Leeuwen FN. TRPM7 maintains progenitor-like features of neuroblastoma cells: implications for metastasis formation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8760-76. [PMID: 25797249 PMCID: PMC4496182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor derived from poorly differentiated neural crest cells. Current research is aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms that maintain the progenitor state of neuroblastoma cells and to develop novel therapeutic strategies that induce neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Mechanisms controlling neural crest development are typically dysregulated during neuroblastoma progression, and provide an appealing starting point for drug target discovery. Transcriptional programs involved in neural crest development act as a context dependent gene regulatory network. In addition to BMP, Wnt and Notch signaling, activation of developmental gene expression programs depends on the physical characteristics of the tissue microenvironment. TRPM7, a mechanically regulated TRP channel with kinase activity, was previously found essential for embryogenesis and the maintenance of undifferentiated neural crest progenitors. Hence, we hypothesized that TRPM7 may preserve progenitor-like, metastatic features of neuroblastoma cells. Using multiple neuroblastoma cell models, we demonstrate that TRPM7 expression closely associates with the migratory and metastatic properties of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, microarray-based expression profiling on control and TRPM7 shRNA transduced neuroblastoma cells indicates that TRPM7 controls a developmental transcriptional program involving the transcription factor SNAI2. Overall, our data indicate that TRPM7 contributes to neuroblastoma progression by maintaining progenitor-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Middelbeek
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Visser
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Kuipers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Hoogerbrugge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Princes Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kunnimalaiyaan S, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth via inhibition of GSK-3-mediated Notch1 expression. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:770-6. [PMID: 26147011 PMCID: PMC4557650 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can act as either a tumour promoter or suppressor by its inactivation depending on the cell type. There are conflicting reports on the roles of GSK-3 isoforms and their interaction with Notch1 in pancreatic cancer. It was hypothesized that GSK-3α stabilized Notch1 in pancreatic cancer cells thereby promoting cellular proliferation. METHODS The pancreatic cancer cell lines MiaPaCa2, PANC-1 and BxPC-3, were treated with 0-20 μM of AR-A014418 (AR), a known GSK-3 inhibitor. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay and Live-Cell Imaging. The levels of Notch pathway members (Notch1, HES-1, survivin and cyclinD1), phosphorylated GSK-3 isoforms, and apoptotic markers were determined by Western blot. Immunoprecipitation was performed to identify the binding of GSK-3 specific isoform to Notch1. RESULTS AR-A014418 treatment had a significant dose-dependent growth reduction (P < 0.001) in pancreatic cancer cells compared with the control and the cytotoxic effect is as a result of apoptosis. Importantly, a reduction in GSK-3 phosphorylation lead to a reduction in Notch pathway members. Overexpression of active Notch1 in AR-A014418-treated cells resulted in the negation of growth suppression. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that GSK-3α binds to Notch1. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that the growth suppressive effect of AR-A014418 on pancreatic cancer cells is mainly mediated by a reduction in phosphorylation of GSK-3α with concomitant Notch1 reduction. GSK-3α appears to stabilize Notch1 by binding and may represent a target for therapeutic development. Furthermore, downregulation of GSK-3 and Notch1 may be a viable strategy for possible chemosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells to standard therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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30
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Kunnimalaiyaan S, Sokolowski KM, Balamurugan M, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Xanthohumol inhibits Notch signaling and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127464. [PMID: 26011160 PMCID: PMC4444108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvement in therapeutic strategies, median survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains less than one year. Therefore, molecularly targeted compounds with less toxic profiles are needed. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in various cancers types in vitro. XN treatment in healthy mice and humans yielded favorable pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Therefore, we determined to study the effects of XN and understand the mechanism of its action in HCC. The effects of XN on a panel of HCC cell lines were assessed for cell viability, colony forming ability, and cellular proliferation. Cell lysates were analyzed for pro-apoptotic (c-PARP and cleaved caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic markers (survivin, cyclin D1, and Mcl-1). XN concentrations of 5μM and above significantly reduced the cell viability, colony forming ability and also confluency of all four HCC cell lines studied. Furthermore, growth suppression due to apoptosis was evidenced by increased expression of pro-apoptotic and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Importantly, XN treatment inhibited the Notch signaling pathway as evidenced by the decrease in the expression of Notch1 and HES-1 proteins. Ectopic expression of Notch1 in HCC cells reverses the anti-proliferative effect of XN as evidenced by reduced growth suppression compared to control. Taken together these results suggested that XN mediated growth suppression is appeared to be mediated by the inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway. Therefore, our findings warrants further studies on XN as a potential agent for the treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Sokolowski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Mariappan Balamurugan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - T. Clark Gamblin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Kunnimalaiyaan S, Trevino J, Tsai S, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Xanthohumol-Mediated Suppression of Notch1 Signaling Is Associated with Antitumor Activity in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1395-403. [PMID: 25887885 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a lethal disease with limited treatment options. At the time of diagnosis, approximately 80% of these patients present with unresectable tumors caused by either locally advanced lesions or progressive metastatic growth. Therefore, development of novel treatment strategies and new therapeutics is needed. Xanthohumol (XN) has emerged as a potential compound that inhibits various types of cancer, but the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of XN remains unclear. In the present study, we have assessed the efficacy of XN on pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, PANC-1, L3.6pl, MiaPaCa-2, 512, and 651) against cell growth in real time and using colony-forming assays. Treatment with XN resulted in reduction in cellular proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The growth suppression effect of XN in pancreatic cancer cell lines is due to increased apoptosis via the inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway, as evidenced by reduction in Notch1, HES-1, and survivin both at mRNA as well as protein levels. Notch1 promoter reporter analysis after XN treatment indicated that XN downregulates Notch promoter activity. Importantly, overexpression of active Notch1 in XN-treated pancreatic cancer cells resulted in negation of growth suppression. Taken together, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the growth suppressive effect of XN in pancreatic cancer cells is mainly mediated by Notch1 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida-Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Susan Tsai
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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32
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Koprowski S, Sokolowski K, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Curcumin-mediated regulation of Notch1/hairy and enhancer of split-1/survivin: molecular targeting in cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Res 2015; 198:434-40. [PMID: 25890434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highly malignant and characterized by poor prognosis with chemotherapeutic resistance. Therefore, continued development of novel, effective approaches are needed. Notch expression is markedly upregulated in CCA, but the utility of Notch1 inhibition is not defined. Based on recent findings, we hypothesized that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical, suppresses CCA growth in vitro via inhibition of Notch1 signaling. METHODS Established CCA cell lines CCLP-1 and SG-231 were treated with varying concentrations of curcumin (0-20 μM). Viability was assessed through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and clonogenic assays. Evaluation of apoptosis was determined via Western analysis for apoptotic markers and Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay. Cell lysates were further analyzed via Western blotting for Notch1/HES-1/survivin pathway expression, cell cycle progression, and survival. RESULTS Curcumin-treated CCA cells exhibited reduced viability compared with control treatment. Statistically significant reductions in cell viability were observed with curcumin treatment at concentrations of 7.5, 10, and 15 μM by approximately 10%, 48%, and 56% for CCLP-1 and 13%, 25%, and 50% for SG-231, respectively. On Western analysis, concentrations of ≥10 μM showed reductions in Notch1, HES-1, and survivin. Apoptosis was evidenced by an increase in expression of cleaved poly [ADP] ribose polymerase and an increase in caspase activity. Cyclin D1 (cell cycle progression) expression levels were also reduced with treatment. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin effectively induces CCA (CCLP-1 and SG-231) growth suppression and apoptosis at relatively low treatment concentrations when compared with the previous research. A concomitant reduction of Notch1, HES-1, and survivin expression in CCA cell lines provides novel evidence for a potential antitumorigenic mechanism-of-action. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing reduction in HES-1 expression via protein analysis after treatment with curcumin. Such findings merit further investigation of curcumin-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling in CCA either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Koprowski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, MCW Cancer Center, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin Sokolowski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, MCW Cancer Center, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, MCW Cancer Center, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, MCW Cancer Center, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, MCW Cancer Center, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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33
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Abstract
Downstream of growth factor receptors, signaling by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play an important role in the growth and survival of many tumor types. The PI3K pathway simplistically comprises PI3K itself, followed by PDK-1, then AKT and finally glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). PI3K/AKT signaling promotes increased GSK3 phosphorylation, that is associated with reduced GSK3 activity. There are two isoforms of GSK3, GSK3α and GSK3β, which have a high degree of sequence homology. GSK3 plays a role not only in the regulation of glycogen synthase activity but in the expression of multiple other proteins that play a role in cancer biology, including cyclins and anti-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Massey Cancer Center; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
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