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Nakanishi A, Minami A, Kitagishi Y, Ogura Y, Matsuda S. BRCA1 and p53 tumor suppressor molecules in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2879-92. [PMID: 25636033 PMCID: PMC4346871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor molecules play a pivotal role in regulating DNA repair, cell proliferation, and cell death, which are also important processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, however, the precise molecular events that control the death of neuronal cells are unclear. Recently, a fundamental role for tumor suppressor molecules in regulating neurons in Alzheimer’s disease was highlighted. Generally, onset of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease may be delayed with use of dietary neuro-protective agents against oxidative stresses. Studies suggest that dietary antioxidants are also beneficial for brain health in reducing disease-risk and in slowing down disease-progression. We summarize research advances in dietary regulation for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with a focus on its modulatory roles in BRCA1 and p53 tumor suppressor expression, in support of further therapeutic research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ogura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Momparler RL, Côté S, Momparler LF, Idaghdour Y. Epigenetic therapy of acute myeloid leukemia using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) in combination with inhibitors of histone methylation and deacetylation. Clin Epigenetics 2014; 6:19. [PMID: 25313314 PMCID: PMC4194463 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by aberrant DNA methylation occurs frequently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This epigenetic alteration can be reversed by 5-aza-2'-deoxcytidine (decitabine, 5-AZA-CdR). Although 5-AZA-CdR can induce complete remissions in patients with AML, most patients relapse. The effectiveness of this therapy may be limited by the inability of 5-AZA-CdR to reactivate all TSGs due to their silencing by other epigenetic mechanisms such as histone methylation or chromatin compaction. EZH2, a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) to H3K27me3. 3-Deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), an inhibitor of methionine metabolism, can reactivate genes silenced by H3K27me3 by its inhibition of EZH2. In a previous report, we observed that 5-AZA-CdR, in combination with DZNep, shows synergistic antineoplastic action against AML cells. Gene silencing due to chromatin compaction is attributable to the action of histone deacetylases (HDAC). This mechanism of epigenetic gene silencing can be reversed by HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin-A (TSA). Silent TSGs that cannot be reactivated by 5-AZA-CdR or DZNep have the potential to be reactivated by TSA. This provides a rationale for the use of HDAC inhibitors in combination with 5-AZA-CdR and DZNep to treat AML. RESULTS The triple combination of 5-AZA-CdR, DZNep, and TSA induced a remarkable synergistic antineoplastic effect against human AML cells as demonstrated by an in vitro colony assay. This triple combination also showed a potent synergistic activation of several key TSGs as determined by real-time PCR. The triple combination was more effective than the combination of two agents or a single agent. Microarray analysis showed that the triple combination generated remarkable changes in global gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that it may be possible to design a very effective therapy for AML using agents that target the reversal of the following three epigenetic "lock" mechanisms that silence gene expression: DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone deacetylation. This approach merits serious consideration for clinical investigation in patients with advanced AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Momparler
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Service d’hématologie/oncologie, CHU-Saint-Justine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sylvie Côté
- Centre de recherche, Service d’hématologie/oncologie, CHU-Saint-Justine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Louise F Momparler
- Centre de recherche, Service d’hématologie/oncologie, CHU-Saint-Justine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Department of Biology, New York University, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Less understood issues: p21Cip1 in mitosis and its therapeutic potential. Oncogene 2014; 34:1758-67. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Ikeno Y, Bokov A, Gelfond J, Jaramillo C, Zhang HM, Liu Y, Qi W, Hubbard G, Richardson A, Van Remmen H. Dietary restriction attenuates the accelerated aging phenotype of Sod1(-/-) mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:300-6. [PMID: 23459073 PMCID: PMC3696984 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction is a powerful aging intervention that extends the life span of diverse biological species ranging from yeast to invertebrates to mammals, and it has been argued that the antiaging action of dietary restriction occurs through reduced oxidative stress/damage. Using Sod1(-/-) mice, which have previously been shown to have increased levels of oxidative stress associated with a shorter life span and a high incidence of neoplasia, we were able to test directly the ability of dietary restriction to reverse an aging phenotype due to increased oxidative stress/damage. We found that dietary restriction increased the life span of Sod1(-/-) mice 30%, returning it to that of wild-type, control mice fed ad libitum. Oxidative damage in Sod1(-/-) mice was markedly reduced by dietary restriction, as indicated by a reduction in liver and brain F2-isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Analysis of end of life pathology showed that dietary restriction significantly reduced the overall incidence of pathological lesions in the Sod1(-/-) mice fed the dietary-restricted diet compared to Sod1(-/-) mice fed ad libitum, including the incidence of lymphoma (27 vs 5%) and overall liver pathology. In addition to reduced incidence of overall and liver-specific pathology, the burden and severity of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions was also significantly reduced in the Sod1(-/-) mice fed the dietary-restricted diet. These data demonstrate that dietary restriction can significantly attenuate the accelerated aging phenotype observed in Sod1(-/-) mice that arises from increased oxidative stress/damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Education, Clinical, and Research Center at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-7762, USA
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jon Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Wenbo Qi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Gene Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Education, Clinical, and Research Center at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-7762, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Education, Clinical, and Research Center at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-7762, USA
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Chesnokova V, Zonis S, Wawrowsky K, Tani Y, Ben-Shlomo A, Ljubimov V, Mamelak A, Bannykh S, Melmed S. Clusterin and FOXL2 act concordantly to regulate pituitary gonadotroph adenoma growth. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:2092-103. [PMID: 23051594 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumors grow slowly and despite their high prevalence are invariably benign. We therefore studied mechanisms underlying pituitary tumor growth restraint. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), the index human securin, a hallmark of pituitary tumors, triggers pituitary cell proliferation and murine pituitary tumor development. We show that human gonadotroph cell pituitary tumors, unlike other secreting tumor types, express high levels of gonadotroph-specific forkhead transcription factor FOXL2, and both PTTG and Forkhead box protein L2 (FOXL2) stimulate gonadotroph clusterin (Clu) expression. Both Clu RNA isoforms are abundantly expressed in these nonhormone-secreting human tumors, and, when cultured, these tumor cells release highly abundant levels of secreted Clu. FOXL2 directly stimulates the Clu gene promoter, and we show that PTTG triggers ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase/IGF-I/p38MAPK DNA damage/chromosomal instability signaling, which in turn also induces Clu expression. Consequently, Clu restrains pituitary cell proliferation by inducing cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p27, whereas Clu deletion down-regulates p16 and p27 in the Clu(-/-) mouse pituitary. FOXL2 binds and suppresses the PTTG promoter, and Clu also suppresses PTTG expression, thus neutralizing protumorigenic PTTG gonadotroph tumor cell properties. In vivo, murine gonadotroph LβT2 tumor cell xenografts overexpressing Clu and FOXL2 both grow slower and elicit smaller tumors. Thus, gonadotroph tumor cell proliferation is determined by the interplay between cell-specific FOXL2 with PTTG and Clu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chesnokova
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Kono Y, Inomata M, Hagiwara S, Hiratsuka T, Suzuki K, Koga H, Shiraishi N, Noguchi T, Kitano S. Antiproliferative effects of a new α-lipoic acid derivative, DHL-HisZnNa, in HT29 human colon cancer cellsin vitro. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16 Suppl 1:S103-9. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.640320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Marcantonio P, Del Re B, Franceschini A, Capri M, Lukas S, Bersani F, Giorgi G. Synergic effect of retinoic acid and extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 31:425-33. [PMID: 20564173 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF; 50 Hz, 1 mT) can affect proliferation and differentiation in the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C, which is representative of high risk neuroblastomas. Cells were subjected to ELF-MF exposure in the presence or absence of a neuronal differentiating agent (all-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) for 24-72 h. In each experiment, ELF-MF-exposed samples were compared to sham-exposed samples. Cells exposed to ELF-MF combined with retinoic treatment showed a decreased cellular proliferation and an increased proportion of G(0)/G(1) phase cells compared to cells exposed to either treatment alone. Moreover, ELF-MF- and ATRA-treated cells showed more differentiated morphological traits (a higher neurite number/cell, an increased neurite length), together with a significant increase of mRNA levels of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and cdk5 genes, both involved in neuronal differentiation. In addition, the expression of cyp19 gene, which is involved both in neuronal differentiation and stress response, was evaluated; cyp19 gene expression was enhanced by ATRA treatment and significantly enhanced further by ELF-MF exposure combined with ATRA. In conclusion, our data suggest that ELF-MF exposure can strengthen ATRA effects on neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Marcantonio
- Department of Evolutionary Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Park HJ, Choi SY, Hong SM, Hwang SG, Park DK. The ethyl acetate extract of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1019-26. [PMID: 19998418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that Phellinus linteus has a variety of biological functions, such as antitumor and immunomodulating activities. In our previous studies, we developed a P. linteus grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) and found that organic solvent extracts of PBR possessed immunomodulating activity to regulate a balance of cytokine network in mice. The components of PBR are ergosterol peroxide, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Beta-glucan. In this study, we demonstrate that an organic solvent extract of P. linteus grown on PBR induced apoptotic cell death through the induction of G(0)/G(1) arrest of cell cycle and the apoptosis via DNA fragmentation in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Cell death induced by the extract of P. linteus grown on PBR was shown to be associated with the upregulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1), the downregulation of cyclin D1, anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-8. This study suggests that the ethyl acetate extract of P. linteus grown on PBR induces apoptosis accompanied by cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase and regulates apoptosis-regulatory proteins, which may be applicable to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
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Le Douce V, Herbein G, Rohr O, Schwartz C. Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Retrovirology 2010; 7:32. [PMID: 20380694 PMCID: PMC2873506 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly improved survival. However, these treatments fail to definitively cure the patients and unveil the presence of quiescent HIV-1 reservoirs like cells from monocyte-macrophage lineage. A purge, or at least a significant reduction of these long lived HIV-1 reservoirs will be needed to raise the hope of the viral eradication. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms responsible for viral persistence in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Controversy on latency and/or cryptic chronic replication will be specifically evoked. In addition, since HIV-1 infected monocyte-macrophage cells appear to be more resistant to apoptosis, this obstacle to the viral eradication will be discussed. Understanding the intimate mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence is a prerequisite to devise new and original therapies aiming to achieve viral eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Le Douce
- INSERM unit 575, Pathophysiology of Central Nervous System, Institute of Virology, rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France
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Calvisi DF, Donninger H, Vos MD, Birrer MJ, Gordon L, Leaner V, Clark GJ. NORE1A tumor suppressor candidate modulates p21CIP1 via p53. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4629-37. [PMID: 19435914 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NORE1A (RASSF5) is a proapoptotic Ras effector that is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in human tumors. It is structurally related to the RASSF1A tumor suppressor and is itself implicated as a tumor suppressor. In the presence of activated Ras, NORE1A is a potent inducer of apoptosis. However, when expressed at lower levels in the absence of activated Ras, NORE1A seems to promote cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying NORE1A action are poorly understood. We have used microarray analysis of an inducible NORE1A system to screen for physiologic signaling targets of NORE1A action. Using this approach, we have identified several potential signaling pathways modulated by NORE1A. In particular, we identify the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1) as a target for NORE1A activation and show that it is a vital component of NORE1A-mediated growth inhibition. In primary human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), loss of NORE1A expression is frequent and correlates tightly with loss of p21(CIP1) expression. NORE1A down-regulation in HCC also correlates with poor prognosis, enhanced proliferation, survival, and angiogenic tumor characteristics. Experimental inactivation of NORE1A results in the loss of p21(CIP1) expression and promotes proliferation. The best characterized activator of p21(CIP1) is the p53 master tumor suppressor. Further experiments showed that NORE1A activates p21(CIP1) via promoting p53 nuclear localization. Thus, we define the molecular basis of NORE1A-mediated growth inhibition and implicate NORE1A as a potential component of the ill-defined connection between Ras and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Calvisi
- Institut für Pathologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) is a key mediator of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and may play the role of a tumor suppressor in cancer. However, it has been shown that p21 may also act as an oncogene, because it inhibits apoptosis and may promote cell proliferation in some tumors. These data point out to "antagonistic duality" of p21, because it possesses anticancer and procancer properties at the same time. New data suggest that more and more proteins also may play contradictory roles in cancer thus challenging current paradigm of established oncogenes and tumor suppressors. (c) 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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