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Rasmussen ML, Taneja N, Neininger AC, Wang L, Robertson GL, Riffle SN, Shi L, Knollmann BC, Burnette DT, Gama V. MCL-1 Inhibition by Selective BH3 Mimetics Disrupts Mitochondrial Dynamics Causing Loss of Viability and Functionality of Human Cardiomyocytes. iScience 2020; 23:101015. [PMID: 32283523 PMCID: PMC7155208 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MCL-1 is a well-characterized inhibitor of cell death that has also been shown to be a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in human pluripotent stem cells. We used cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) to uncover whether MCL-1 is crucial for cardiac function and survival. Inhibition of MCL-1 by BH3 mimetics resulted in the disruption of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics as well as disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Interfering with MCL-1 function affects the homeostatic proximity of DRP-1 and MCL-1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane, resulting in decreased functionality of hiPSC-CMs. Cardiomyocytes display abnormal cardiac performance even after caspase inhibition, supporting a nonapoptotic activity of MCL-1 in hiPSC-CMs. BH3 mimetics targeting MCL-1 are promising anti-tumor therapeutics. Progression toward using BCL-2 family inhibitors, especially targeting MCL-1, depends on understanding its canonical function not only in preventing apoptosis but also in the maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics and function. BH3 mimetics targeting MCL-1 disrupt the mitochondrial network of human iPSC-CMs The BH3-mimetic-mediated effects on mitochondrial dynamics are DRP-1-dependent Targeting MCL-1 affects the survival and function of human cardiomyocytes Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be used to reveal toxicity of MCL-1 inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nilay Taneja
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abigail C Neininger
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gabriella L Robertson
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stellan N Riffle
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linzheng Shi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Rasmussen ML, Gama V. A connection in life and death: The BCL-2 family coordinates mitochondrial network dynamics and stem cell fate. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 353:255-284. [PMID: 32381177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins control the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, also known as intrinsic apoptosis. Direct binding between members of the BCL-2 family regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) after an apoptotic insult. The ability of the cell to sense stress and translate it into a death signal has been a major theme of research for nearly three decades; however, other mechanisms by which the BCL-2 family coordinates cellular homeostasis beyond its role in initiating apoptosis are emerging. One developing area of research is understanding how the BCL-2 family of proteins regulate development using pluripotent stem cells as a model system. Understanding BCL-2 family-mediated regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in cell death and beyond would uncover new facets of stem cell maintenance and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Rastogi A, Joshi P, Contreras E, Gama V. Remodeling of mitochondrial morphology and function: an emerging hallmark of cellular reprogramming. Cell Stress 2019; 3:181-194. [PMID: 31225513 PMCID: PMC6558935 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming – the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Ela Contreras
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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Rasmussen ML, Ortolano NA, Romero-Morales AI, Gama V. Wnt Signaling and Its Impact on Mitochondrial and Cell Cycle Dynamics in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020109. [PMID: 29463061 PMCID: PMC5852605 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The core transcriptional network regulating stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency remains an intense area of research. Increasing evidence indicates that modified regulation of basic cellular processes such as mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis, and cell cycle are also essential for pluripotent stem cell identity and fate decisions. Here, we review evidence for Wnt regulation of pluripotency and self-renewal, and its connections to emerging features of pluripotent stem cells, including (1) increased mitochondrial fragmentation, (2) increased sensitivity to cell death, and (3) shortened cell cycle. We provide a general overview of the stem cell–specific mechanisms involved in the maintenance of these uncharacterized hallmarks of pluripotency and highlight potential links to the Wnt signaling pathway. Given the physiological importance of stem cells and their enormous potential for regenerative medicine, understanding fundamental mechanisms mediating the crosstalk between Wnt, organelle-dynamics, apoptosis, and cell cycle will be crucial to gain insight into the regulation of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
| | - Natalya A Ortolano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
| | | | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
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