1
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Tan H, Long P, Xiao H. Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359236. [PMID: 38742190 PMCID: PMC11089172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study suggested evidence for coexistence and similarities between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it is unclear regarding the shared genetic architecture and causality underlying the phenotypic similarities observed for endometriosis and PCOS. Methods By leveraging summary statistics from public genome-wide association studies regarding endometriosis (European-based: N=470,866) and PCOS (European-based: N=210,870), we explored the genetic correlation that shared between endometriosis and PCOS using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Shared risk SNPs were derived using PLACO (Pleiotropic analysis under composite null hypothesis) and FUMA (Functional Mapping and Annotation of Genetic Associations). The potential causal association between endometriosis and PCOS was investigated using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Linkage disequilibrium score for the specific expression of genes analysis (LDSC-SEG) were performed for tissue enrichment analysis. The expression profiles of the risk gene in tissues were further examined. Results A positive genetic association was observed between endometriosis and PCOS. 12 significant pleiotropic loci shared between endometriosis and PCOS were identified. Genetic associations between endometriosis and PCOS were particularly enriched in uterus, endometrium and fallopian tube. Two-sample MR analysis further indicated a potential causative effect of endometriosis on PCOS, and vice versa. Microarray and RNA-seq verified the expressions of SYNE1 and DNM3 were significantly altered in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis or PCOS compared to those of control subjects. Conclusion Our study indicates the genetic correlation and shared risk genes between PCOS and endometriosis. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanisms behind their comorbidity and the future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjing Tan
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Long
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Genetics, Changsha Jiangwan Maternity Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Zi-Yi Z, Qin Q, Fei Z, Cun-Yu C, Lin T. Nesprin proteins: bridging nuclear envelope dynamics to muscular dysfunction. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:208. [PMID: 38566066 PMCID: PMC10986154 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, with a particular focus on Nesprin proteins, in cellular mechanics and the pathogenesis of muscular diseases. Distinguishing itself from prior works, the analysis delves deeply into the intricate interplay of the LINC complex, emphasizing its indispensable contribution to maintaining cellular structural integrity, especially in mechanically sensitive tissues such as cardiac and striated muscles. Additionally, the significant association between mutations in Nesprin proteins and the onset of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is highlighted, underscoring their pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Through a comprehensive examination of DCM and EDMD cases, the review elucidates the disruptions in the LINC complex, nuclear morphology alterations, and muscular developmental disorders, thus emphasizing the essential function of an intact LINC complex in preserving muscle physiological functions. Moreover, the review provides novel insights into the implications of Nesprin mutations for cellular dynamics in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases, particularly in maintaining cardiac structural and functional integrity. Furthermore, advanced therapeutic strategies, including rectifying Nesprin gene mutations, controlling Nesprin protein expression, enhancing LINC complex functionality, and augmenting cardiac muscle cell function are proposed. By shedding light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying nuclear-cytoskeletal interactions, the review lays the groundwork for future research and therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing genetic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zi-Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Cun-Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microencironment and immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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3
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Harbin LM, Lin N, Ueland FR, Kolesar JM. SYNE1 Mutation Is Associated with Increased Tumor Mutation Burden and Immune Cell Infiltration in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14212. [PMID: 37762518 PMCID: PMC10531966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SYNE1, a nuclear envelope protein critical for cellular structure and signaling, is downregulated in numerous malignancies. SYNE1 alterations are found in 10% of gynecologic malignancies and 5% of epithelial ovarian cancers. Previous studies demonstrated an association between SYNE1 mutation, increased tumor mutation burden (TMB), and immunotherapy response. This study evaluates the SYNE1 mutation frequency, association with TMB, and downstream effects of SYNE1 mutation in ovarian cancer. Genetic information, including whole-exome sequencing, RNA analysis, and somatic tumor testing, was obtained for consenting ovarian cancer patients at an academic medical center. Mutation frequencies were compared between the institutional cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Bioinformatics analyses were performed. In our cohort of 50 patients, 16 had a SYNE1 mutation, and 15 had recurrent disease. Median TMB for SYNE1 mutated patients was 25 compared to 7 for SYNE1 wild-type patients (p < 0.0001). Compared to the TCGA cohort, our cohort had higher SYNE1 mutation rates (32% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Gene expression related to immune cell trafficking, inflammatory response, and immune response (z > 2.0) was significantly increased in SYNE1 mutated patients. SYNE1 mutation is associated with increased TMB and immune cell infiltration in ovarian cancer and may serve as an additional biomarker for immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Harbin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 20536-0596, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 760 Press Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Frederick R. Ueland
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 20536-0596, USA
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 20536-0596, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 760 Press Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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4
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Balaji AK, Saha S, Deshpande S, Poola D, Sengupta K. Nuclear envelope, chromatin organizers, histones, and DNA: The many achilles heels exploited across cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068347. [PMID: 36589746 PMCID: PMC9800887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is organized in the form of chromatin composed of DNA and histones that organize and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of chromatin remodeling, including the aberrant incorporation of histone variants and their consequent post-translational modifications, is prevalent across cancers. Additionally, nuclear envelope proteins are often deregulated in cancers, which impacts the 3D organization of the genome. Altered nuclear morphology, genome organization, and gene expression are defining features of cancers. With advances in single-cell sequencing, imaging technologies, and high-end data mining approaches, we are now at the forefront of designing appropriate small molecules to selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in a genome- and epigenome-specific manner. Here, we review recent advances and the emerging significance of aberrations in nuclear envelope proteins, histone variants, and oncohistones in deregulating chromatin organization and gene expression in oncogenesis.
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5
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LINCing Senescence and Nuclear Envelope Changes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111787. [PMID: 35681483 PMCID: PMC9179861 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) has emerged as a nexus for cellular organization, signaling, and survival. Beyond its role as a barrier to separate the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm, the NE's role in supporting and maintaining a myriad of other functions has made it a target of study in many cellular processes, including senescence. The nucleus undergoes dramatic changes in senescence, many of which are driven by changes in the NE. Indeed, Lamin B1, a key NE protein that is consistently downregulated in senescence, has become a marker for senescence. Other NE proteins have also been shown to play a role in senescence, including LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex proteins. LINC complexes span the NE, forming physical connections between the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm. In this way, they integrate nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanical signals and are essential not only for a variety of cellular functions but are needed for cell survival. However, LINC complex proteins have been shown to have a myriad of functions in addition to forming a LINC complex, often existing as nucleoplasmic or cytoplasmic soluble proteins in a variety of isoforms. Some of these proteins have now been shown to play important roles in DNA repair, cell signaling, and nuclear shape regulation, all of which are important in senescence. This review will focus on some of these roles and highlight the importance of LINC complex proteins in senescence.
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6
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Vakhrusheva A, Murashko A, Trifonova E, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Sokolova O. Role of Actin-binding Proteins in the Regulation of Cellular Mechanics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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7
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Qian N, Wei T, Yang W, Wang J, Zhang S, Jin S, Dong W, Hao W, Yang Y, Huang R. Case Report: Late-Onset Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia Associated With SYNE1 Mutation in a Chinese Family. Front Genet 2022; 13:795188. [PMID: 35281832 PMCID: PMC8905644 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.795188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ARCA-1), also known as autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCAR8), is caused by spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE1) gene mutation. Nesprin-1, encoded by SYNE1, is widely expressed in various tissues, especially in the striated muscle and cerebellum. The destruction of Nesprin-1 is related to neuronal and neuromuscular lesions. It has been reported that SYNE1 gene variation is associated with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 4, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, SCAR8, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The clinical manifestations of SCAR8 are mainly characterized by relatively pure cerebellar ataxia and may be accompanied by upper and/or lower motor neuron dysfunction. Some affected people may also display cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. It is conventionally held that the age at the onset of SCAR8 is between 6 and 42 years (the median age is 17 years). Here, we report a pedigree with SCAR8 where the onset age in the proband is 48 years. This case report extends the genetic profile and clinical features of SCAR8. A new pathogenic site (c.7578del; p.S2526Sfs*8) located in SYNE1, which is the genetic cause of the patient, was identified via whole exome sequencing (WES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Qian
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Taohua Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jiuxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Hao
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ru Huang
- V-Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Chu YD, Kee KM, Lin WR, Lai MW, Lu SN, Chung WH, Pang ST, Yeh CT. SYNE1 Exonic Variant rs9479297 Contributes to Concurrent Hepatocellular and Transitional Cell Carcinoma Double Primary Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1819. [PMID: 34944636 PMCID: PMC8698502 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexpected high risk of synchronous/metachronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) co-occurrence has been discovered previously. Here, we searched for genetic variation contributing to the co-occurrence of this double primary cancer (DPC). Using targeted exome sequencing, a panel of variants associated with concurrent DPC was identified. However, only a nonsynonymous variant within the Spectrin Repeat Containing Nuclear Envelope Protein 1 (SYNE1) gene was associated with DPC occurrence (p = 0.002), compared with that in the healthy population. Further independent cohort verification analysis revealed that the SYNE1-rs9479297-TT genotype (versus TC + CC genotypes) was enriched in patients with DPC, compared with that in those with TCC alone (p = 0.039), those with HCC alone (p = 0.006), those with non-HCC/non-TCC (p < 0.001), and healthy population (p < 0.001). SYNE1 mRNA expression reduced in both patients with HCC and TCC, and its lower expression in HCC was associated with shorter recurrence-free (p = 0.0314) and metastasis-free (p = 0.0479) survival. SYNE1-rs9479297 genotypes were correlated with tissue SYNE1 levels and clinical outcomes in HCC patients. Finally, SYNE1 silencing enhanced the cell proliferation and migration of HCC/TCC cells. In conclusion, SYNE1-rs9479297 genotypes were associated with HCC/TCC DPC co-occurrence and correlated with SYNE1 expression, which in turn contributed to HCC/TCC cell proliferation and migration, thereby affecting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (M.-W.L.)
| | - Kwong-Ming Kee
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-M.K.); (S.-N.L.)
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (M.-W.L.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (M.-W.L.)
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-M.K.); (S.-N.L.)
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (M.-W.L.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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9
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Gauthier BR, Comaills V. Nuclear Envelope Integrity in Health and Disease: Consequences on Genome Instability and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147281. [PMID: 34298904 PMCID: PMC8307504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the nuclear envelope (NE) is often underestimated. The NE protects, regulates, and organizes the eukaryote genome and adapts to epigenetic changes and to its environment. The NE morphology is characterized by a wide range of diversity and abnormality such as invagination and blebbing, and it is a diagnostic factor for pathologies such as cancer. Recently, the micronuclei, a small nucleus that contains a full chromosome or a fragment thereof, has gained much attention. The NE of micronuclei is prone to collapse, leading to DNA release into the cytoplasm with consequences ranging from the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, an innate immune response, to the creation of chromosomal instability. The discovery of those mechanisms has revolutionized the understanding of some inflammation-related diseases and the origin of complex chromosomal rearrangements, as observed during the initiation of tumorigenesis. Herein, we will highlight the complexity of the NE biology and discuss the clinical symptoms observed in NE-related diseases. The interplay between innate immunity, genomic instability, and nuclear envelope leakage could be a major focus in future years to explain a wide range of diseases and could lead to new classes of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.R.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.R.G.); (V.C.)
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10
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Liao L, Zhang L, Yang M, Wang X, Huang W, Wu X, Pan H, Yuan L, Huang W, Wu Y, Guan J. Expression profile of SYNE3 and bioinformatic analysis of its prognostic value and functions in tumors. J Transl Med 2020; 18:355. [PMID: 32948197 PMCID: PMC7501639 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope family member 3 (SYNE3) encodes an essential component of the linker of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton (LINC) complex, namely nesprin-3. In a tumor, invasiveness and metastasis rely on the integrity of the LINC complex, while the role of SYNE3/nesprin-3 in cancer is rarely studied. Methods Here, we explored the expression pattern, prognostic value, and related mechanisms of SYNE3 through both experimental and bioinformatic methods. We first detected SYNE3 in BALB/c mice, normal human tissues, and the paired tumor tissues, then used bioinformatics databases to verify our results. We further analyzed the prognostic value of SYNE3. Next, we predicted miRNA targeting SYNE3 and built a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and a transcriptional network by analyzing data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Interacting genes of SYNE3 were predicted, and we further performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on these genes. Besides, the relationship between SYNE3 and immune infiltration was also investigated. Results SYNE3 exhibited various expressions in different tissues, mainly located on nuclear and in cytoplasm sometimes. SYNE3 expression level had prognostic value in tumors, possibly by stabilizing nucleus, promoting tumor cells apoptosis, and altering tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we constructed a RP11-2B6.2-miR-149-5p-/RP11-67L2.2-miR-330-3p-SYNE3 ceRNA network and a SATB1-miR-149-5p-SYNE3 transcriptional network in lung adenocarcinoma to support the tumor-suppressing role of SYNE3. Conclusions Our study explored novel anti-tumor functions and mechanisms of SYNE3, which might be useful for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longshan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xixi Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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11
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The Expressions and Mechanisms of Sarcomeric Proteins in Cancers. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8885286. [PMID: 32670437 PMCID: PMC7346232 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8885286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sarcomeric proteins control the movement of cells in diverse species, whereas the deregulation can induce tumours in model organisms and occurs in human carcinomas. Sarcomeric proteins are recognized as oncogene and related to tumor cell metastasis. Recent insights into their expressions and functions have led to new cancer therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we appraise the evidence for the sarcomeric proteins as cancer genes and discuss cancer-relevant biological functions, potential mechanisms by which sarcomeric proteins activity is altered in cancer.
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12
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Zhou Y, Cheng X, Zhang F, Chen Q, Chen X, Shen Y, Lai C, Kota VG, Sun W, Huang Q, Yuan Y, Wang J, Lai M, Zhang D. Integrated multi-omics data analyses for exploring the co-occurring and mutually exclusive gene alteration events in colorectal cancer. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1588-1599. [PMID: 32485022 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Co-occurring and mutually exclusive gene alteration events are helpful for understanding carcinogenesis but systematic screening for such events is quite limited. We conducted pairwise screening tests to identify "hit pairs" in colorectal cancer (CRC) by utilizing the cross-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Numerous hit pairs involving somatic mutations, copy number variations, and DNA methylation were found to occur nonrandomly in CRC, such as KRAS and HOXB6, SMAD4 and PMEPA1. Based on these hit pairs, we identified 32 synthetic lethal pairs and 7,527 co-occurring pairs relating to drug response. Our further biological experiments showed that the co-occurrence of mutant FCGBP and NUDT12 silencing (or mutant TMC3 and RPS6KA6 silencing) with small interfering RNA reduced cell viability. Moreover, novel hit pairs could influence prognosis. The patients who carried concurrent mutations of IRF5 and NEFH, SYNE1 and TTN, or MUC16 and NEFH had worse survival outcomes. Particularly, the presence of mutant SYNE1 and TTN pair not only affects prognosis, but also is related to CRC patients' response to drug treatment. Our "hit pair" genes may provide insights into colorectal carcinogenesis and help open new avenues for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaojia Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Lai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vishnu G Kota
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- The Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Alena SK, Eva B, Aleš K, Emilie L. Spatiotemporal Mislocalization of Nuclear Membrane-Associated Proteins in γ-Irradiation-Induced Senescent Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 32316379 PMCID: PMC7227243 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, induced by genotoxic or replication stress, is accompanied by defects in nuclear morphology and nuclear membrane-heterochromatin disruption. In this work, we analyzed cytological and molecular changes in the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex proteins in senescence triggered by γ-irradiation. We used human mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines, both original and shRNA knockdown clones targeting lamin B receptor (LBR) and leading to LBR and lamin B (LB1) reduction. The expression status and integrity of LINC complex proteins (nesprin-1, SUN1, SUN2), lamin A/C, and emerin were analyzed by immunodetection using confocal microscopy and Western blot. The results show frequent mislocalization of these proteins from the nuclear membrane to cytoplasm and micronuclei and, in some cases, their fragmentation and amplification. The timing of these changes clearly preceded the onset of senescence. The LBR deficiency triggered neither senescence nor changes in the LINC protein distribution before irradiation. However, the cytological changes following irradiation were more pronounced in shRNA knockdown cells compared to original cell lines. We conclude that mislocalization of LINC complex proteins is a significant characteristic of cellular senescence phenotypes and may influence complex events at the nuclear membrane, including trafficking and heterochromatin attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svobodová Kovaříková Alena
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.A.); (B.E.)
| | - Bártová Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.A.); (B.E.)
| | - Kovařík Aleš
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukášová Emilie
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Radiobiology and Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Sur-Erdem I, Hussain MS, Asif M, Pınarbası N, Aksu AC, Noegel AA. Nesprin-1 impact on tumorigenic cell phenotypes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:921-934. [PMID: 31741263 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The largest protein of the nuclear envelope (NE) is Nesprin-1 which forms a network along the NE interacting with actin, Emerin, Lamin, and SUN proteins. Mutations in the SYNE1 gene and reduction in Nesprin-1 protein levels have been reported to correlate with several age related diseases and cancer. In the present study, we tested whether Nesprin-1 overexpression can reverse the malignant phenotype of Huh7 cells, a human liver cancer cell line, which carries a mutation in the SYNE1 gene resulting in reduced Nesprin-1 protein levels, has altered nuclear shape, altered amounts and localization of NE components, centrosome localization and genome stability. Ectopic expression of a mini-Nesprin-1 led to an improvement of the nuclear shape, corrected the mislocalization of NE proteins, the centrosome positioning, and the alterations in the DNA damage response network. Additionally, Nesprin-1 had a profound effect on cellular senescence. These findings suggest that Nesprin-1 may be effective in tumorigenic cell phenotype correction of human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Sajid Hussain
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Asif
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nareg Pınarbası
- Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Lambert MW. The functional importance of lamins, actin, myosin, spectrin and the LINC complex in DNA repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1382-1406. [PMID: 31581813 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219876651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major proteins in the nucleoskeleton, lamins, actin, and spectrin, play essential roles in maintenance of nuclear architecture and the integrity of the nuclear envelope, in mechanotransduction and mechanical coupling between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, and in nuclear functions such as regulation of gene expression, transcription and DNA replication. Less well known, but critically important, are the role these proteins play in DNA repair. The A-type and B-type lamins, nuclear actin and myosin, spectrin and the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex each function in repair of DNA damage utilizing various repair pathways. The lamins play a role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Actin is involved in repair of DNA DSBs and interacts with myosin in facilitating relocalization of these DSBs in heterochromatin for HR repair. Nonerythroid alpha spectrin (αSpII) plays a critical role in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) where it acts as a scaffold in recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage and is important in the initial damage recognition and incision steps of the repair process. The LINC complex contributes to the repair of DNA DSBs and ICLs. This review will address the important functions of these proteins in the DNA repair process, their mechanism of action, and the profound impact a defect or deficiency in these proteins has on cellular function. The critical roles of these proteins in DNA repair will be further emphasized by discussing the human disorders and the pathophysiological changes that result from or are related to deficiencies in these proteins. The demonstrated function for each of these proteins in the DNA repair process clearly indicates that there is another level of complexity that must be considered when mechanistically examining factors crucial for DNA repair.Impact statementProteins in the nucleoskeleton, lamins, actin, myosin, and spectrin, have been shown to play critical roles in DNA repair. Deficiencies in these proteins are associated with a number of disorders. This review highlights the role these proteins and their association with the LINC complex play in DNA repair processes, their mechanism of action and the impacts deficiencies in these proteins have on DNA repair and on disorders associated with a deficiency in these proteins. It will clarify how these proteins, which interact with “classic DNA repair proteins” (e.g., RAD51, XPF), represent another level of complexity in the DNA repair process, which must be taken into consideration when carrying out mechanistic studies on proteins involved in DNA repair and in developing models for DNA repair pathways. This knowledge is essential for determining how deficiencies in these proteins relate to disorders resulting from loss of functional activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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16
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Mroß C, Marko M, Munck M, Glöckner G, Motameny S, Altmüller J, Noegel AA, Eichinger L, Peche VS, Neumann S. Depletion of Nesprin-2 is associated with an embryonic lethal phenotype in mice. Nucleus 2019; 9:503-515. [PMID: 30220251 PMCID: PMC6244730 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1523664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nesprin-2 is a nuclear envelope component and provides a link between cytoskeletal components of the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. Several isoforms are generated from its gene Syne2. Loss of the largest isoform Nesprin-2 Giant in mice is associated with a skin phenotype and altered wound healing, loss of C-terminal isoforms in mice leads to cardiomyopathies and neurological defects. Here we attempted to establish mice with an inducible knockout of all Nesprin-2 isoforms by inserting shRNA encoding sequences targeting the N- and C-terminus into the ROSA26 locus of mice. This caused early embryonic death of the animals harboring the mutant allele, which was presumably due to leaky expression of the shRNAs. Mutant embryos were only observed before E13. They had an altered appearance and were smaller in size than their wild type littermates. From this we conclude that the Nesprin-2 gene function is crucial during embryonic growth, differentiation and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mroß
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Marija Marko
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Martina Munck
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Susanne Motameny
- b Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) , University of Cologne , Koeln , Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- b Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) , University of Cologne , Koeln , Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Vivek S Peche
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Sascha Neumann
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
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17
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Abstract
Cancer is caused by the effects of somatic mutations known as drivers. Although a number of major cancer drivers have been identified, it is suspected that many more comparatively rare and conditional drivers exist, and the interactions between different cancer-associated mutations that might be relevant for tumor progression are not well understood. We applied an advanced neural network approach to learn the sequence of mutations and the mutational burden in colon and lung cancers and to identify mutations that are associated with individual drivers. A significant ordering of driver mutations is demonstrated, and numerous, previously undetected conditional drivers are identified. These findings broaden the existing understanding of the mechanisms of tumor progression and have implications for therapeutic strategies. Cancer arises through the accumulation of somatic mutations over time. Understanding the sequence of mutation occurrence during cancer progression can assist early and accurate diagnosis and improve clinical decision-making. Here we employ long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a class of recurrent neural network, to learn the evolution of a tumor through an ordered sequence of mutations. We demonstrate the capacity of LSTMs to learn complex dynamics of the mutational time series governing tumor progression, allowing accurate prediction of the mutational burden and the occurrence of mutations in the sequence. Using the probabilities learned by the LSTM, we simulate mutational data and show that the simulation results are statistically indistinguishable from the empirical data. We identify passenger mutations that are significantly associated with established cancer drivers in the sequence and demonstrate that the genes carrying these mutations are substantially enriched in interactions with the corresponding driver genes. Breaking the network into modules consisting of driver genes and their interactors, we show that these interactions are associated with poor patient prognosis, thus likely conferring growth advantage for tumor progression. Thus, application of LSTM provides for prediction of numerous additional conditional drivers and reveals hitherto unknown aspects of cancer evolution.
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18
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Saleembhasha A, Mishra S. Long non-coding RNAs as pan-cancer master gene regulators of associated protein-coding genes: a systems biology approach. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6388. [PMID: 30809433 PMCID: PMC6387586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of research, we are still unraveling crucial stages of gene expression regulation in cancer. On the basis of major biological hallmarks, we hypothesized that there must be a uniform gene expression pattern and regulation across cancer types. Among non-coding genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key gene regulators playing powerful roles in cancer. Using TCGA RNAseq data, we analyzed coding (mRNA) and non-coding (lncRNA) gene expression across 15 and 9 common cancer types, respectively. 70 significantly differentially expressed genes common to all 15 cancer types were enlisted. Correlating with protein expression levels from Human Protein Atlas, we observed 34 positively correlated gene sets which are enriched in gene expression, transcription from RNA Pol-II, regulation of transcription and mitotic cell cycle biological processes. Further, 24 lncRNAs were among common significantly differentially expressed non-coding genes. Using guilt-by-association method, we predicted lncRNAs to be involved in same biological processes. Combining RNA-RNA interaction prediction and transcription regulatory networks, we identified E2F1, FOXM1 and PVT1 regulatory path as recurring pan-cancer regulatory entity. PVT1 is predicted to interact with SYNE1 at 3′-UTR; DNAJC9, RNPS1 at 5′-UTR and ATXN2L, ALAD, FOXM1 and IRAK1 at CDS sites. The key findings are that through E2F1, FOXM1 and PVT1 regulatory axis and possible interactions with different coding genes, PVT1 may be playing a prominent role in pan-cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanigari Saleembhasha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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19
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Yang X, Lin Y. Functions of nuclear actin-binding proteins in human cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2743-2748. [PMID: 29434999 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin-binding proteins (ABPs) perform distinguishable functions compared with their cytoplasmic counterparts in extensive activities of living cells. In addition to the ability to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics, nuclear ABPs are associated with multiple nuclear biological processes, including chromatin remodeling, gene transcriptional regulation, DNA damage response, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear structure maintenance. The nuclear translocation of ABPs is affected by numerous intracellular or extracellular stimuli, which may lead to developmental malformation, tumor initiation, tumor progression and metastasis. Abnormal expression of certain ABPs have been reported in different types of cancer. This review focuses on the newly identified roles of nuclear ABPs in the pathological processes associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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20
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Wu XT, Sun LW, Yang X, Ding D, Han D, Fan YB. The potential role of spectrin network in the mechanotransduction of MLO-Y4 osteocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40940. [PMID: 28112189 PMCID: PMC5256107 DOI: 10.1038/srep40940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrin is first identified as the main component of erythrocyte membrane skeleton. It is getting growing attention since being found in multiple nonerythroid cells, providing complex mechanical properties and signal interface under the cell membrane. Recent genomics studies have revealed that the spectrin is highly relevant to bone disorders. However, in osteocytes, the important mechanosensors in bone, the role of spectrin is poorly understood. In this research, the role of spectrin in the mechanotransduction of MLO-Y4 osteocytes was studied. Immunofluorescence staining showed that, the spectrins were elaborately organized as a porous network throughout the cytoplasm, and linked with F-actin into a dense layer underlying the cell membrane. AFM results indicate that, the spectrin is pivotal for maintaining the overall elasticity of osteocytes, especially for the cell cortex stiffiness. Disruption of the spectrin network caused obvious softening of osteocytes, and resulted in a significant increase of Ca2+ influx, NO secretion, cell-cell connections and also induced a translocation of eNOS from membrane to cytoplasm. These results indicate that the spectrin network is a global structural support for osteocytes involving in the mechanotransduction process, making it a potential therapeutic target for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37th Xue-yuan Road, Hian-dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37th Xue-yuan Road, Hian-dian District, Beijing, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37th Xue-yuan Road, Hian-dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37th Xue-yuan Road, Hian-dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37th Xue-yuan Road, Hian-dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Bo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37th Xue-yuan Road, Hian-dian District, Beijing, China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, 1th Ronghuazhong Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, China
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21
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Kumar A, Shivashankar GV. Dynamic interaction between actin and nesprin2 maintain the cell nucleus in a prestressed state. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2016; 4:044008. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/4/4/044008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Stratigi K, Chatzidoukaki O, Garinis GA. DNA damage-induced inflammation and nuclear architecture. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:17-26. [PMID: 27702596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear architecture and the chromatin state affect most-if not all- DNA-dependent transactions, including the ability of cells to sense DNA lesions and restore damaged DNA back to its native form. Recent evidence points to functional links between DNA damage sensors, DNA repair mechanisms and the innate immune responses. The latter raises the question of how such seemingly disparate processes operate within the intrinsically complex nuclear landscape and the chromatin environment. Here, we discuss how DNA damage-induced immune responses operate within chromatin and the distinct sub-nuclear compartments highlighting their relevance to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ourania Chatzidoukaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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23
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Kelkar P, Walter A, Papadopoulos S, Mroß C, Munck M, Peche VS, Noegel AA. Nesprin-2 mediated nuclear trafficking and its clinical implications. Nucleus 2015; 6:479-89. [PMID: 26645154 PMCID: PMC4915507 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1128608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of proteins has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cancer, Alzheimer disease and viral infections. A complete understanding of nuclear trafficking mechanisms is therefore necessary in order to establish effective intervention strategies. Here we elucidate the role of Nesprin-2 in Ca2+/Calmodulin mediated nuclear transport. Nesprin-2 is an actin-binding nuclear envelope (NE) protein with roles in maintaining nuclear structure and location, regulation of transcription and mechanotransduction. Upon depletion of Nesprin-2 using shRNA, HaCaT cells show abnormal localization of the shuttling proteins BRCA1 and NF-κB. We show that their nuclear transport is unlikely due to the canonical RAN mediated nuclear import, but rather to a RAN independent Ca2+/Calmodulin driven mechanism involving Nesprin-2. We report novel interactions between the actin-binding domain of Nesprin-2 and Calmodulin and between the NLS containing region of BRCA1 and Calmodulin. Strikingly, displacing Nesprins from the NE resulted in increased steady state Ca2+ concentrations in the cytoplasm suggesting a previously unidentified role of Nesprins in Ca2+ regulation. On comparing Nesprin-2 and BRCA1 localization in the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and Caov-3, Nesprin-2 and BRCA1 were localized to the NE envelope and the nucleus in SKOV-3, respectively, and to the cytoplasm in Caov-3 cells. Fibroblasts obtained from EDMD5 (Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy) patients showed loss of Nesprin-2 from the nuclear envelope, corresponding reduced nuclear localization of BRCA1 and enhanced cytoplasmic Ca2+. Taken together, the data suggests a novel role of Nesprin-2 in Ca2+/Calmodulin mediated nuclear trafficking and provides new insights which can guide future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kelkar
- a Institute for Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,b Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,c Center for Molecular Medicine; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
| | - Anna Walter
- d Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln ; Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- d Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln ; Germany
| | - Carmen Mroß
- a Institute for Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,b Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,c Center for Molecular Medicine; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
| | - Martina Munck
- a Institute for Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,b Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,c Center for Molecular Medicine; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
| | - Vivek S Peche
- a Institute for Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,b Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,c Center for Molecular Medicine; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- a Institute for Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,b Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany.,c Center for Molecular Medicine; University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
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O’Mara TA, Glubb DM, Painter JN, Cheng T, Dennis J, Attia J, Holliday EG, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Ashton K, Proietto T, Otton G, Shah M, Ahmed S, Healey CS, Gorman M, Martin L, Hodgson S, Fasching PA, Hein A, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Hall P, Czene K, Darabi H, Li J, Dürst M, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns P, Dörk T, Lambrechts D, Depreeuw J, Annibali D, Amant F, Zhao H, Goode EL, Dowdy SC, Fridley BL, Winham SJ, Salvesen HB, Njølstad TS, Trovik J, Werner HMJ, Tham E, Liu T, Mints M, Bolla MK, Michailidou K, Tyrer JP, Wang Q, Hopper JL, Peto J, Swerdlow AJ, Burwinkel B, Brenner H, Meindl A, Brauch H, Lindblom A, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Giles GG, Kristensen VN, Cox A, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Tomlinson I, Easton DF, Thompson DJ, Spurdle AB. Comprehensive genetic assessment of the ESR1 locus identifies a risk region for endometrial cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:851-61. [PMID: 26330482 PMCID: PMC4559752 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to estrogen is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), particularly for cancers of endometrioid histology. The physiological function of estrogen is primarily mediated by estrogen receptor alpha, encoded by ESR1. Consequently, several studies have investigated whether variation at the ESR1 locus is associated with risk of EC, with conflicting results. We performed comprehensive fine-mapping analyses of 3633 genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6607 EC cases and 37 925 controls. There was evidence of an EC risk signal located at a potential alternative promoter of the ESR1 gene (lead SNP rs79575945, P=1.86×10(-5)), which was stronger for cancers of endometrioid subtype (P=3.76×10(-6)). Bioinformatic analysis suggests that this risk signal is in a functionally important region targeting ESR1, and eQTL analysis found that rs79575945 was associated with expression of SYNE1, a neighbouring gene. In summary, we have identified a single EC risk signal located at ESR1, at study-wide significance. Given SNPs located at this locus have been associated with risk for breast cancer, also a hormonally driven cancer, this study adds weight to the rationale for performing informed candidate fine-scale genetic studies across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A O’Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Dylan M Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jodie N Painter
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Timothy Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Katie Ashton
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tony Proietto
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Otton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George’s, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Clinics of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Depreeuw
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Hui Zhao
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Tormund S Njølstad
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Henrica MJ Werner
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Miriam Mints
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - RENDOCAS
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - AOCS Group
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, 70376, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, 0310, Norway
- The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, 1478, Norway
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Gay S, Foiani M. Nuclear envelope and chromatin, lock and key of genome integrity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:267-330. [PMID: 26008788 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
More than as an inert separation between the inside and outside of the nucleus, the nuclear envelope (NE) constitutes an active toll, which controls the import and export of molecules, and also a hub for a diversity of genomic processes, such as transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin dynamics. Proteins localized at the inner surface of the NE (such as lamins, nuclear pore proteins, lamin-associated proteins) interact with chromatin in a dynamic manner, contributing to the establishment of topological domains. In this review, we address the complex interplay between chromatin and NE. We discuss the divergence of this cross talk during evolution and comment both on the current established models and the most recent findings. In particular, we focus our attention on how the NE cooperates with chromatin in protecting the genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gay
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Chang W, Worman HJ, Gundersen GG. Accessorizing and anchoring the LINC complex for multifunctionality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:11-22. [PMID: 25559183 PMCID: PMC4284225 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, composed of outer and inner nuclear membrane Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology (KASH) and Sad1 and UNC-84 (SUN) proteins, respectively, connects the nucleus to cytoskeletal filaments and performs diverse functions including nuclear positioning, mechanotransduction, and meiotic chromosome movements. Recent studies have shed light on the source of this diversity by identifying factors associated with the complex that endow specific functions as well as those that differentially anchor the complex within the nucleus. Additional diversity may be provided by accessory factors that reorganize the complex into higher-ordered arrays. As core components of the LINC complex are associated with several diseases, understanding the role of accessory and anchoring proteins could provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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