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Lourenço TF, Cordeiro AM, Frazão J, Saibo NJM, Oliveira MM. Evaluating Root Mechanosensing Response in Rice. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:25-35. [PMID: 35467198 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unable to move, plants are physically restrained to the place where they grow. Remarkably, plants have developed a myriad of mechanisms to perceive the surrounding environment in order to maximize growth and survival. One of those mechanisms is the ability to perceive mechanical stimulus such as touch (thigmomorphogenesis), in order to adjust growth patterns (in different organs) to either attach to or surround an object. Roots are able to perceive several mechanical forces (e.g., gravity, touch). However, being the "hidden part" of a plant, it is difficult to assess their response to mechanical stimulation. In this chapter, our team presents a simple method to evaluate rice (Oryza sativa L.) root mechanosensing response that can be used to test different conditions (e.g., hormones) affecting rice root response to touch stimulus. This method is affordable to any lab and can be upgraded with a fully automated image recording system. We provide a detailed protocol with several notes for a more comprehensive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Lourenço
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - André M Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João Frazão
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Lourenço TF, Serra TS, Cordeiro AM, Swanson SJ, Gilroy S, Saibo NJM, Oliveira MM. Rice root curling, a response to mechanosensing, is modulated by the rice E3-ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE1 (OsHOS1). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1208880. [PMID: 27467198 PMCID: PMC5022415 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1208880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant development depends on the perception of external cues, such as light, gravity, touch, wind or nutrients, among others. Nevertheless, little is known regarding signal transduction pathways integrating these stimuli. Recently, we have reported the involvement of a rice E3-ubiquitin ligase (OsHOS1, HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE1), previously associated with abiotic stress response, in root responses to mechanical stimuli. We showed that OsHOS1 is involved in the regulation of root curling after mechanosensing and that RNAi::OsHOS1 plants failed to exhibit the root curling phenotype observed in WT. Interestingly, the straight root phenotype of these transgenics correlated with the up-regulation of rice ROOT MEANDER CURLING (OsRMC, a negative regulator of rice root curling) and was reverted by the exogenous application of jasmonic acid. Altogether, our results highlight the role of the proteasome modulating plant responses to mechanical stimuli and suggest that OsHOS1 is a hub integrating environmental and hormonal signaling into plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Lourenço
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - T. S. Serra
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A. M. Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S. J. Swanson
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S. Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N. J. M. Saibo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M. M. Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Genomics of Plant Stress, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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Chen HW, Shao KH, Wang SJ. Light-modulated seminal wavy roots in rice mediated by nitric oxide-dependent signaling. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1291-1304. [PMID: 25619895 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seminal roots from germinated seeds help establish seedlings, but the seminal root growth and morphology are sensitive to environmental factors. Our previous research showed that several indica-type rice varieties such as Taichung native 1 (TCN1) showed light-induced wavy roots. Also, auxin and oxylipins are two signaling factors regulating the wavy root photomorphology. To investigate the signaling pathway, here, we found that nitric oxide (NO) was a second messenger triggering the signal transduction of light stimuli to induce the wavy morphology of seminal roots in rice. Moreover, interactions between oxylipins and phytohormones such as ethylene and auxin participating in the NO-dependent regulatory pathway of light-induced wavy roots were examined. The order of action of signaling components in the pathway was NO, oxylipins, ethylene, and auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wen Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Warnasooriya SN, Montgomery BL. Spatial-specific regulation of root development by phytochromes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:2047-50. [PMID: 22112446 PMCID: PMC3337204 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.12.18267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Distinct tissues and organs of plants exhibit dissimilar responses to light exposure--cotyledon growth is promoted by light, whereas hypocotyl growth is inhibited by light. Light can have different impacts on root development, including impacting root elongation, morphology, lateral root proliferation and root tropisms. In many cases, light inhibits root elongation. There has been much attention given to whether roots themselves are the sites of photoperception for light that impacts light-dependent growth and development of roots. A number of approaches including photoreceptor localization in planta, localized irradiation and exposure of dissected roots to light have been used to explore the site(s) of light perception for the photoregulation of root development. Such approaches have led to the observation that photoreceptors are localized to roots in many plant species, and that roots are capable of light absorption that can alter morphology and/or gene expression. Our recent results show that localized depletion of phytochrome photoreceptors in Arabidopsis thaliana disrupts root development and root responsiveness to the plant hormone jasmonic acid. Thus, root-localized light perception appears central to organ-specific, photoregulation of growth and development in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory; Michigan State University; East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Michigan State University; East Lansing, MI USA
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