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Elkelish A, Alhudhaibi AM, Hossain AS, Haouala F, Alharbi BM, El-Banna MF, Rizk A, Badji A, AlJwaizea NI, Sayed AAS. Alleviating chromium-induced oxidative stress in Vigna radiata through exogenous trehalose application: insights into growth, photosynthetic efficiency, mineral nutrient uptake, and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity enhancement. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:460. [PMID: 38797833 PMCID: PMC11129419 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose serves as a crucial osmolyte and plays a significant role in stress tolerance. The influence of exogenously added trehalose (1 and 5 mM) in alleviating the chromium (Cr; 0.5 mM) stress-induced decline in growth, photosynthesis, mineral uptake, antioxidant system and nitrate reductase activity in Vigna radiata was studied. Chromium (Cr) significantly declined shoot height (39.33%), shoot fresh weight (35.54%), shoot dry weight (36.79%), total chlorophylls (50.70%), carotenoids (29.96%), photosynthesis (33.97%), net intercellular CO2 (26.86%), transpiration rate (36.77%), the content of N (35.04%), P (35.77%), K (31.33%), S (23.91%), Mg (32.74%), and Ca (29.67%). However, the application of trehalose considerably alleviated the decline. Application of trehalose at both concentrations significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, which were increased due to Cr stress. Application of trehalose significantly mitigated the Cr-induced oxidative damage by up-regulating the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (182.03%), catalase (125.40%), ascorbate peroxidase (72.86%), and glutathione reductase (68.39%). Besides this, applied trehalose proved effective in enhancing ascorbate (24.29%) and reducing glutathione content (34.40%). In addition, also alleviated the decline in ascorbate by Cr stress to significant levels. The activity of nitrate reductase enhanced significantly (28.52%) due to trehalose activity and declined due to Cr stress (34.15%). Exogenous application of trehalose significantly improved the content of osmolytes, including proline, glycine betaine, sugars and total phenols under normal and Cr stress conditions. Furthermore, Trehalose significantly increased the content of key mineral elements and alleviated the decline induced by Cr to considerable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elkelish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman M Alhudhaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abm Sharif Hossain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faouzi Haouala
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa F El-Banna
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Rizk
- Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta City, 31527, Egypt
| | - Arfang Badji
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Studies, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
- Makerere University Regional Centre for Crop Improvement, Makerere University, Kampala, 7062, Uganda.
| | - Nada Ibrahim AlJwaizea
- Department of Biology, College of science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A S Sayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
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Yan W, Sharif R, Sohail H, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xu X. Surviving a Double-Edged Sword: Response of Horticultural Crops to Multiple Abiotic Stressors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5199. [PMID: 38791235 PMCID: PMC11121501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced weather events, such as extreme temperatures, prolonged drought spells, or flooding, pose an enormous risk to crop productivity. Studies on the implications of multiple stresses may vary from those on a single stress. Usually, these stresses coincide, amplifying the extent of collateral damage and contributing to significant financial losses. The breadth of investigations focusing on the response of horticultural crops to a single abiotic stress is immense. However, the tolerance mechanisms of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this review, we described the most prevalent types of abiotic stresses that occur simultaneously and discussed them in in-depth detail regarding the physiological and molecular responses of horticultural crops. In particular, we discussed the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and metabolic responses of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses. Strategies to breed multi-stress-resilient lines have been presented. Our manuscript presents an interesting amount of proposed knowledge that could be valuable in generating resilient genotypes for multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Rahat Sharif
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hamza Sohail
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zuzunaga-Rosas J, Calone R, Mircea DM, Shakya R, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Boscaiu M, Fita A, Moreno-Ramón H, Vicente O. Mitigation of salt stress in lettuce by a biostimulant that protects the root absorption zone and improves biochemical responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341714. [PMID: 38434431 PMCID: PMC10906269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Horticultural crops constantly face abiotic stress factors such as salinity, which have intensified in recent years due to accelerated climate change, significantly affecting their yields and profitability. Under these conditions, it has become necessary to implement effective and sustainable solutions to guarantee agricultural productivity and food security. The influence of BALOX®, a biostimulant of plant origin, was tested on the responses to salinity of Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia plants exposed to salt concentrations up to 150 mM NaCl, evaluating different biometric and biochemical properties after 25 days of treatment. Control plants were cultivated under the same conditions but without the biostimulant treatment. An in situ analysis of root characteristics using a non-destructive, real-time method was also performed. The salt stress treatments inhibited plant growth, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and increased the concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in roots and leaves while reducing those of Ca2+. BALOX® application had a positive effect because it stimulated plant growth and the level of Ca2+ and photosynthetic pigments. In addition, it reduced the content of Na+ and Cl- in the presence and the absence of salt. The biostimulant also reduced the salt-induced accumulation of stress biomarkers, such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, BALOX® appears to significantly reduce osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress levels in salt-treated plants. Furthermore, the analysis of the salt treatments' and the biostimulant's direct effects on roots indicated that BALOX®'s primary mechanism of action probably involves improving plant nutrition, even under severe salt stress conditions, by protecting and stimulating the root absorption zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zuzunaga-Rosas
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., La Concordia, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Roberta Calone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana M. Mircea
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rashmi Shakya
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Botany, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sara Ibáñez-Asensio
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Héctor Moreno-Ramón
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Harrison C, Noleto-Dias C, Ruvo G, Hughes DJ, Smith DP, Mead A, Ward JL, Heuer S, MacGregor DR. The mechanisms behind the contrasting responses to waterlogging in black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23193. [PMID: 38417910 DOI: 10.1071/fp23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides ) is one of the most problematic agricultural weeds of Western Europe, causing significant yield losses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and other crops through competition for space and resources. Previous studies link black-grass patches to water-retaining soils, yet its specific adaptations to these conditions remain unclear. We designed pot-based waterlogging experiments to compare 13 biotypes of black-grass and six cultivars of wheat. These showed that wheat roots induced aerenchyma when waterlogged whereas aerenchyma-like structures were constitutively present in black-grass. Aerial biomass of waterlogged wheat was smaller, whereas waterlogged black-grass was similar or larger. Variability in waterlogging responses within and between these species was correlated with transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaves of control or waterlogged plants. In wheat, transcripts associated with regulation and utilisation of phosphate compounds were upregulated and sugars and amino acids concentrations were increased. Black-grass biotypes showed limited molecular responses to waterlogging. Some black-grass amino acids were decreased and one transcript commonly upregulated was previously identified in screens for genes underpinning metabolism-based resistance to herbicides. Our findings provide insights into the different waterlogging tolerances of these species and may help to explain the previously observed patchiness of this weed's distribution in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harrison
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gianluca Ruvo
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Hughes
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- International Consultant Crop Improvement and Food Security, Harpenden, UK
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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Gao S, Xu J, Song W, Dong J, Xie L, Xu B. Overexpression of BnMYBL2-1 improves plant drought tolerance via the ABA-dependent pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108293. [PMID: 38181638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental challenge that poses considerable threats to crop survival and growth. Previous research has indicated anthocyanins play a crucial role in alleviating oxidative damage, photoprotection, membrane stabilization, and water retention under drought stress. However, the presence of MYBL2 (MYELOBBLASTOSIS LIKE 2), an R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) which known to suppress anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, four BnMYBL2 members were cloned from Brassica napus L, and BnMYBL2-1 was overexpressed in Triticum aestivum L (No BnMYBL2 homologous gene was detected in wheat). Subsequently, the transgenic wheat lines were treated with drought, ABA and anthocyanin. Results showed that transgenic lines exhibited greater drought tolerance compared to the wild-type (WT), characterized by improved leaf water content (LWC), elevated levels of soluble sugars and chlorophyll, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Notably, transgenic lines also exhibited significant upregulation in abscisic acid (ABA) content, along with the transcriptional levels of key enzymes involved in ABA signalling under drought. Results also demonstrated that BnMYBL2-1 promoted the accumulation of ABA and anthocyanins in wheat. Overall, the study highlights the positive role of BnMYBL2-1 in enhancing crop drought tolerance through ABA signalling and establishes its close association with anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of drought-resistant crop varieties and enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China
| | - Jinsong Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China
| | - Wei Song
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Henan, 467036, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lingli Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China.
| | - Benbo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China.
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Mircea DM, Ferrer-Gallego PP, Ferrando-Pardo I, Vicente O, Mir R, Boscaiu M. Salt Tolerance of Sea Flax ( Linum maritimum L.), a Rare Species with Conservation Interest in Eastern Spain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38276762 PMCID: PMC10821301 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Seldom found in saltmarshes, Linum maritimum is a halophyte of great conservation interest in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Although the species has been reported in different plant communities, there is no information on its range of salinity tolerance or mechanisms of response to environmental stress factors. In this study, L. maritimum plants were subjected to increasing salt concentrations in controlled conditions in a greenhouse. After six months of watering with salt solutions, only plants from the control, 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl treatment groups survived, but seeds were produced only in the first two. Significant differences were found between the plants from the various treatment groups in terms of their growth parameters, such as plant height, fresh weight, and the quantity of flowers and fruits. The main mechanism of salt tolerance is probably related to the species' ability to activate K+ uptake and transport to shoots to partly counteract the accumulation of toxic Na+ ions. A biochemical analysis showed significant increases in glycine betaine, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds, highlighting the importance of osmotic regulation and antioxidant compounds in the salt tolerance of Linum maritimum. These findings have implications for the conservation of the species, especially under changing climatic conditions that may lead to increased soil salinity in its Mediterranean distribution area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mircea
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Natura 2000, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, Quart de Poblet, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Inmaculada Ferrando-Pardo
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Natura 2000, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, Quart de Poblet, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Ricardo Mir
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Zhao X, Tian L, Zhu Z, Sang Z, Ma L, Jia Z. Growth and Physiological Responses of Magnoliaceae to NaCl Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:170. [PMID: 38256724 PMCID: PMC10818768 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The growth and physiological characteristics of four Magnoliaceae plants (Yulania biondii, Yulania denudata, and two varieties of Magnolia wufengensis (Jiaohong 1 and Jiaohong 2)) were investigated. Four Magnoliaceae plants were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl for 60 days: 0 mM, 60 mM, 120 mM, 180 mM, and 240 mM. The leaf water content (LWC), relative growth rate of plant height and stem diameter, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased during the NaCl treatments, indicating slowed growth and photosynthesis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and soluble sugar content all increased while K+ decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, glutathione (GSH), soluble protein, and proline first increased after decreasing with increasing NaCl concentration. Principal component 1 (PC1) had larger loading values for growth and photosynthesis indices, while principal component 2 (PC2) exhibited larger loading values for antioxidant substances and osmotic adjustment substances; the correlation analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 had negative correlations. The four Magnoliaceae plants exhibited largely variable growth and physiological activities in response to NaCl. Yulania denudata exhibited greater reductions in growth and photosynthesis and greater decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances, which indicated poor tolerance to salt stress. Among the four Magnoliaceae plants, Jiaohong 1 exhibited the greatest salt tolerance, followed by Jiaohong 2, Yulania biondii, and Yulania denudata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Zhao
- Key Laboratory Silviculture and Conservation of MOE, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Ling Tian
- Key Laboratory Silviculture and Conservation of MOE, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Key Laboratory Silviculture and Conservation of MOE, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forest Science Research Institute of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Wufeng 443400, China;
| | - Lvyi Ma
- Key Laboratory Silviculture and Conservation of MOE, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.M.)
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- Key Laboratory Silviculture and Conservation of MOE, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.); (L.M.)
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Sharma J, Kumar S, Singh P, Kumar V, Verma S, Khyalia P, Sharma A. Emerging role of osmoprotectant glycine betaine to mitigate heavy metals toxicity in plants: a systematic review. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-023-00198-9. [PMID: 38183566 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity has become one of the major global issues and poses a serious threat to the environment in recent years. HM pollution in agricultural soil is caused by metal mining, smelting, volcanic activity, industrial discharges, and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers. HMs above a threshold level adversely affect the cellular metabolism of plants by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack cellular proteins. There are different mechanisms (physiological and morphological) adopted by plants to survive in the era of abiotic stress. Various osmoprotectants or compatible solutes, including amino acids, sugar, and betaines, enable the plants to counteract the HM stress. Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective osmolyte against HM stress among compatible solutes. GB has been shown to improve plant growth, photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients, and minimize oxidative stress in plants under HM stress. Additionally, GB increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and POD (peroxidase), which are effective in scavenging unwarranted ROS. Since not all species of plants can naturally produce or accumulate GB in response to stress, various approaches have been explored for introducing them. Plant hormones like salicylic acid, ABA (abscisic acid), and JA (jasmonic acid) co-ordinately stimulate the accumulation of GB inside the cell under HM stress. Apart from the exogenous application, the introduction of GB pathway genes in GB deficient species via genetic engineering also seems to be efficient in mediating HM stress. This review complied the beneficial effects of GB in mitigating HM stress and its role as a plant growth regulator. Additionally, the review explores the potential for engineering GB biosynthesis in plants as a strategy to bolster their resilience to HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Shivani Verma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pradeep Khyalia
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Singh A, Patani A, Patel M, Vyas S, Verma RK, Amari A, Osman H, Rathod L, Elboughdiri N, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Chundawat RS, Patel A. Tomato seed bio-priming with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAR: a study on plant growth parameters under sodium fluoride stress. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1330071. [PMID: 38239735 PMCID: PMC10794310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1330071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of this experiment is to examine the effectiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAR as a rhizobacterium that promotes plant growth in mitigating the negative effects of fluoride-induced stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. A total of 16 rhizobacterial strains were tested for plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes, with isolates S1, S2, and S3 exhibiting different characteristics. Furthermore, growth kinetics studies revealed that these isolates were resilient to fluoride stress (10, 20, 40, and 80 ppm), with isolate S2 exhibiting notable resilience compared to the other two strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed isolate S2 as P. aeruginosa strain PAR. Physiological analyses demonstrated that P. aeruginosa strain PAR had a beneficial impact on plant properties under fluoride stress, comprising seed germination, root length, shoot height, relative water content, and leaf area, the strain also impacted the buildup of glycine betaine, soluble sugar, and proline, demonstrating its significance in enhancing plant stress tolerance. In P. aeruginosa strain PAR-treated plants, chlorophyll content increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and less oxidative stress. The strain modified antioxidant enzyme action (catalase, ascorbate, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), which contributed to improved stress resilience. Mineral analysis revealed a decrease in sodium and fluoride concentrations while increasing magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron levels, emphasizing the strain's significance in nutrient management. Correlation and principal component analysis revealed extensive correlations between physiological and biochemical parameters, underscoring P. aeruginosa strain PAR's multifaceted impact on plant growth and stress response. This study offers valuable information on effectively utilizing PGPR, particularly P. aeruginosa strain PAR, in fluoride-contaminated soils for sustainable agriculture. It presents a promising biological strategy to enhance crop resilience and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, India
| | - Margi Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Suhas Vyas
- Department of Life Sciences, Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Abdelfattah Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lokendra Rathod
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
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10
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Chaudhary MT, Majeed S, Rana IA, Ali Z, Jia Y, Du X, Hinze L, Azhar MT. Impact of salinity stress on cotton and opportunities for improvement through conventional and biotechnological approaches. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38166652 PMCID: PMC10759391 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excess salinity can affect the growth and development of all plants. Salinization jeopardizes agroecosystems, induces oxidative reactions in most cultivated plants and reduces biomass which affects crop yield. Some plants are affected more than others, depending upon their ability to endure the effects of salt stress. Cotton is moderately tolerant to salt stress among cultivated crops. The fundamental tenet of plant breeding is genetic heterogeneity in available germplasm for acquired characteristics. Variation for salinity tolerance enhancing parameters (morphological, physiological and biochemical) is a pre-requisite for the development of salt tolerant cotton germplasm followed by indirect selection or hybridization programs. There has been a limited success in the development of salt tolerant genotypes because this trait depends on several factors, and these factors as well as their interactions are not completely understood. However, advances in biochemical and molecular techniques have made it possible to explore the complexity of salt tolerance through transcriptomic profiling. The focus of this article is to discuss the issue of salt stress in crop plants, how it alters the physiology and morphology of the cotton crop, and breeding strategies for the development of salinity tolerance in cotton germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajid Majeed
- Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, 44090, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Centre of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yinhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lori Hinze
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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11
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Mugwanya M, Kimera F, Abdelnaser A, Sewilam H. Coping with Water Stress: Ameliorative Effects of Combined Treatments of Salicylic Acid and Glycine Betaine on the Biometric Traits and Water-Use Efficiency of Onion ( Allium cepa) Cultivated under Deficit Drip Irrigation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1634. [PMID: 38002316 PMCID: PMC10669905 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is a major global challenge threatening food security. Agriculture requires huge quantities of water to feed the ever-increasing human population. Sustainable irrigation techniques such as deficit drip irrigation (DDI) are warranted to increase efficiency and maximize yield. However, DDI has been reported to cause water stress in plants. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the exogenous application of salicylic acid alone (SA) or in combination with glycine betaine (GB) on the growth, yield quality, and water-use efficiency of onions under different DDI treatments (100%, 70%, and 40% field capacity (FC)). Spray treatments (sub-treatments) were as follows: T1: (distilled water), T2: (1.09 mM SA), T3: (1.09 mM SA + 25 mM GB), T4: (1.09 mM SA + 50 mM GB), and T5: (1.09 mM SA + 100 mM GB). Our results indicated that T2 slightly ameliorated the effects of water stress by improved plant heights, leaf number, pseudostem diameter, bulb quality, and nutrient content of onion bulbs, especially under the 70% FC treatment. However, T3 recorded the poorest results on leaf number, pseudostem diameter, and bulb quality under the 70% and 40% FC treatments. Generally, our results indicated that onions could tolerate moderate water stress (70% FC) without severely affecting the growth and yield of onion. In conditions where freshwater is a limiting factor, a DDI treatment of 40% FC is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muziri Mugwanya
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (M.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Fahad Kimera
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (M.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (M.M.); (F.K.)
- UNESCO Chair in Hydrological Changes and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Matías J, Rodríguez MJ, Cruz V, Calvo P, Granado-Rodríguez S, Poza-Viejo L, Fernández-García N, Olmos E, Reguera M. Assessment of the changes in seed yield and nutritional quality of quinoa grown under rainfed Mediterranean environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268014. [PMID: 38023922 PMCID: PMC10662129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is considered a serious threat to agriculture and food security. It is linked to rising temperatures and water shortages, conditions that are expected to worsen in the coming decades. Consequently, the introduction of more drought-tolerant crops is required. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has received great attention worldwide due to the nutritional properties of its seeds and its tolerance to abiotic stress. In this work, the agronomic performance and seed nutritional quality of three quinoa varieties were studied during two consecutive years (2019-2020) under three water environmental conditions of Southwestern Europe (irrigated conditions, fresh rainfed, and hard rainfed) with the goal of determining the impact of rainfed conditions on this crop performance. High precipitations were recorded during the 2020 growing season resulting in similar grain yield under irrigation and fresh rainfed conditions. However, in 2019, significant yield differences with penalties under water-limiting conditions were found among the evaluated environmental conditions. Furthermore, nutritional and metabolomic differences were observed among seeds harvested from different water environments including the progressive accumulation of glycine betaine accompanied by an increase in saponin and a decrease in iron with water limitation. Generally, water-limiting environments were associated with increased protein contents and decreased yields preserving a high nutritional quality despite particular changes. Overall, this work contributes to gaining further knowledge about how water availability affects quinoa field performance, as it might impact both seed yield and quality. It also can help reevaluate rainfed agriculture, as water deficit can positively impact the nutritional quality of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Matías
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | - María José Rodríguez
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Verónica Cruz
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Patricia Calvo
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Laura Poza-Viejo
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernández-García
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Olmos
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Reguera
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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El-Esawi MA, Alayafi AA. Enhancing the Biological Control of Mite Species Infesting Olive Trees through Application of Predatory Mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and Eco-Friendly Natural Compounds. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14097. [PMID: 38148192 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a subtropical tree cultivated in arid, dry and temperate regions. Olive orchards in Al-Jouf of Saudi Arabia are the largest worldwide and currently face harmful pest infestation. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the predatory mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and the exogenously applied melatonin (MT), glycine betaine (GB) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as eco-friendly approaches for enhancing the biological control of four mite species (Tegolophus hassani, Oxycenus niloticus, Aceria olivi and Tetranychus urticae) infesting olive trees in Al-Jouf under laboratory and field conditions. Field experiment was conducted on 6-year-old Manzanillo olive trees grown in a private orchard farm in Al-Jouf during two seasons, 2020 and 2021. Results revealed that A. exsertus developed successfully from egg to adult. The females of T. hassani, O. niloticus, A. olivi, and T. urticae required 7.36, 8.89, 9.98 and 8.38 days, respectively, to develop from egg to adult at 28°C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. O. niloticus was the most preferred prey of A. exsertus. The net reproductive rate (R0 ) was 42.1, 38.7, 34.6 and 36.8 females/female/generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm ) was 0.27, 0.26, 0.23 and 0.20 females/female/day, and the mean generation time (T) was 16.2, 17.1, 18.6 and 17.2 days when a predator consumed T. hassani, O. niloticus, A. olivi and T. urticae, respectively. The adult female consumed daily about 114 O. niloticus, 105 A. olivi, 95 T. hassani and 15.2 T. urticae individuals, respectively. A. exsertus proved to be an effective biocontrol agent against mites infesting olive trees. In addition, the exogenous application of 1 mM MT, 15 mM GB and 25 mg/L ALA, alone or in combination, caused significant mortality for the four mites. Application of these natural compounds, alone or in combination, also significantly enhanced the growth, relative water content, relative chlorophyll, content of flavonoid and nutrients, antioxidant enzymes activities, stress-related genes expression and fruit yield and quality of the infested olive trees compared to non-treated infested trees. This study is the first that demonstrates the efficiency of these eco-friendly approaches for controlling mites infesting olive trees, and could be used as a replacement for the harmful chemical acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Aisha A Alayafi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Sheri V, Kumar M, Jaconis S, Zhang B. Antioxidant defense in cotton under environmental stresses: Unraveling the crucial role of a universal defense regulator for enhanced cotton sustainability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108141. [PMID: 37926000 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally significant crop that provides natural fibers for the textile industry and also an important oil and biopharmaceutical resources. However, the production of cotton faces substantial challenges due to various biotic and abiotic stress factors that can negatively impact cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effects of biotic stress factors, such as insect pests, bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens, and nematodes, as well as abiotic stress factors, including extreme hot and cold temperature, drought, toxicity induced by heavy metal and salinity, on the antioxidant systems in cotton. We discuss the crucial antioxidants, such as glutathione, proline, and phenolics, and highlight major antioxidant enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR), and their roles in cotton's response to these stress factors. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms and the crosstalk between different stress factors signaling pathways. We also examine the implications of stress-induced changes in antioxidant levels and enzyme activities for cotton productivity and breeding strategies. Additionally, we shed light on the unanswered questions, research gaps, and future perspectives in this field, paving the way for further investigations to enhance our understanding of cotton's antioxidant defenses and develop novel strategies for improving cotton stress tolerance and yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Susan Jaconis
- Agricultural & Environmental Research Department, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA.
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15
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Cerna-Vargas JP, Gumerov VM, Krell T, Zhulin IB. Amine-recognizing domain in diverse receptors from bacteria and archaea evolved from the universal amino acid sensor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305837120. [PMID: 37819981 PMCID: PMC10589655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305837120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess various receptors that sense different signals and transmit information to enable an optimal adaptation to the environment. A major limitation in microbiology is the lack of information on the signal molecules that activate receptors. Signals recognized by sensor domains are poorly reflected in overall sequence identity, and therefore, the identification of signals from the amino acid sequence of the sensor alone presents a challenge. Biogenic amines are of great physiological importance for microorganisms and humans. They serve as substrates for aerobic and anaerobic growth and play a role of neurotransmitters and osmoprotectants. Here, we report the identification of a sequence motif that is specific for amine-sensing sensor domains that belong to the Cache superfamily of the most abundant extracellular sensors in prokaryotes. We identified approximately 13,000 sensor histidine kinases, chemoreceptors, receptors involved in second messenger homeostasis and Ser/Thr phosphatases from 8,000 bacterial and archaeal species that contain the amine-recognizing motif. The screening of compound libraries and microcalorimetric titrations of selected sensor domains confirmed their ability to specifically bind biogenic amines. Mutants in the amine-binding motif or domains that contain a single mismatch in the binding motif had either no or a largely reduced affinity for amines. We demonstrate that the amine-recognizing domain originated from the universal amino acid-sensing Cache domain, thus providing insight into receptor evolution. Our approach enables precise "wet"-lab experiments to define the function of regulatory systems and therefore holds a strong promise to enable the identification of signals stimulating numerous receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Cerna-Vargas
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada18008, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid28223, Spain
| | - Vadim M. Gumerov
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada18008, Spain
| | - Igor B. Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
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16
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Jin EJ, Yoon JH, Lee H, Bae EJ, Yong SH, Choi MS. Evaluation of drought stress level in Sargent's cherry ( Prunus sargentii Rehder) using photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and proline content analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15954. [PMID: 37842053 PMCID: PMC10576498 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargent's cherry trees (Prunus sargentiiRehder) are widely planted as an ornamental, climate change-sensing species. This study investigated changes in the soil moisture content, fresh weight, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence properties, and the chlorophyll and proline content of four-year-old P. sargentii seedlings after 30 days of drought stress. In the trees subjected to drought stress treatment, soil moisture content decreased, and the fresh weight of the aboveground part of the plant decreased. However, there was no significant difference in the root growth of the dried plants. Among the photosynthesis parameters, Pn MAX, E and gs showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease after 15 days in dry-stressed seedlings, but there was no difference between treatments in WUE until 20 days, and there was a significant (p < 0.001) difference after 24 days. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, Rfd, NPQ, and Pn MAX, also increased after 10 days in dry-stressed seedlings, but these changes did not reach statistical significance compared to the control treatment. These results may suggest that drought stress highly correlates with photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Chlorophyll content also significantly decreased in the seedlings under drought stress compared with the control treatment. The proline content decreased until the 10th day of drought stress treatment and increased after the 15th day, showing an increase of 10.9% on the 15th day and 57.1% on the 30th day, compared to the control treatment. These results suggest that photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and proline content can be used to evaluate drought stress in trees. The results of this study can contribute to the management of forests, such as the irrigation of trees when pore control ability and photosynthesis ability decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon Ju Jin
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Yoon
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Lee
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Bae
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yong
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myung Suk Choi
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Environmental Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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17
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Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Deciphering the biochemical regulation of metabolic pathways in abating stress-induced damages during co-exposure of arsenic and fluoride in a non-aromatic and an aromatic rice variety. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1475-1484. [PMID: 38076766 PMCID: PMC10709284 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current work was to decipher the systemic damage and biochemical defense machinery due to combined arsenic (5 mg L-1 Na3AsO4) and fluoride (50 mg L-1 NaF) stress in two rice cultivars viz., IR-64 (non-aromatic) and Gobindobhog (aromatic), grown for 14 days, under 16/8 h light/dark photoperiodic cycle at 32 °C. Higher accumulation of arsenic and fluoride in Gobindobhog generated higher levels of H2O2 that caused higher electrolyte leakage, along with malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal formation. Higher oxidative damages severely compromised seed germination and led to chlorophyll loss, inhibition of root and shoot growth and fresh and dry weight of the seedlings. On the contrary, oxidative damage was less pronounced in IR-64, as compared to that of Gobindobhog, which can be attributed to higher accumulation of protective metabolites, i.e., osmolytes and antioxidants. Higher levels of osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine and amino acids) in IR-64 helped in maintaining the osmotic balance of the cells and the integrity of the cell membrane. Additionally, up regulated activity of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) along with elevated levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, phenolics, xanthophylls and carotenoids) played a pivotal role in controlling oxidative damages and strengthening the defense machinery in IR-64, as compared to that of Gobindobhog where lesser enhancement in the level of the above mentioned protective metabolites was noted. The present work illustrated differential phytotoxicity in rice seedlings and elucidated the yet uncharacterized biohazard associated with arsenic and fluoride co-contamination, with better adaptive features of IR-64, compared to Gobindobhog, which appeared as the sensitive variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016 India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068 India
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18
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xiao G, Shi J, Liu B, Xiao N, Sun Z. Simultaneous DHA and organic selenium production by Schizochytrium sp.: a theoretical basis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15607. [PMID: 37731016 PMCID: PMC10511486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and selenium (Se) are nutrients that confer several health benefits to both humans and animals. Widespread use of DHA in milk powder and health products requires large-scale mass production via Schizochytrium sp., while Se intended for human consumption is produced as organic Se via yeast. However, producing these nutrients on an industrial scale is constrained by various factors. We found that supplementing Schizochytrium sp. with Na2SeO3 (0.5 mg/L) improves its biomass and DHA production and also provides organic Se. De novo assembled transcriptome and biochemical indicators showed that Na2SeO3 promotes forming acetyl coenzyme A and L-cysteine via the glycerol kinase and cysteine synthase pathways, promoting DHA synthesis through the polyketide synthase pathway. However, high doses of Na2SeO3 (5 mg/L) limited the biomass of Schizochytrium sp. and DHA content. This study provided a theoretical basis for the simultaneous production of organic Se and DHA via Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zikui Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Baili Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., 321 Kangning Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- Hunan Agricultural University Veterinary Faculty, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China.
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19
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Raldugina GN, Bogoutdinova LR, Shelepova OV, Kondrateva VV, Platonova EV, Nechaeva TL, Kazantseva VV, Lapshin PV, Rostovtseva HI, Aniskina TS, Kharchenko PN, Zagoskina NV, Gulevich AA, Baranova EN. Heterologous codA Gene Expression Leads to Mitigation of Salt Stress Effects and Modulates Developmental Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13998. [PMID: 37762301 PMCID: PMC10531037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the choline oxidase gene from A. globiformis showed an increase in resistance at the level of primary and secondary biosynthesis of metabolites, removing the damage characteristic of salinity and stabilizing the condition of plants. We used 200 mM NaCl, which inhibits the growth of tobacco plants at all stages of development. Leaves of transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants Nicotiána tabácum were used for biochemical, cytological and molecular biological analysis. However, for transgenic lines cultivated under normal conditions (without salinity), we noted juvenile characteristics, delay in flowering, and slowing down of development, including the photosynthetic apparatus. This caused changes in the amount of chlorophyll, a delay in the plastid grana development with the preservation of prolamellar bodies. It also caused changes in the amount of sugars and indirectly downstream processes. A significant change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a change in metabolism is probably compensated by the regulation of a number of genes, the expression level of which was also changed. Thus, the tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants to salinity, which manifested itself as a result of the constitutive expression of codA, demonstrates an advantage over WT plants, but in the absence of salinity, transgenic plants did not have such advantages due to juvenilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina N. Raldugina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Lilia R. Bogoutdinova
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Olga V. Shelepova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Vera V. Kondrateva
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
| | | | - Tatiana L. Nechaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Varvara V. Kazantseva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Pyotr V. Lapshin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Helen I. Rostovtseva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Tatiana S. Aniskina
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Pyotr N. Kharchenko
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Natalia V. Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
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20
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Lian H, Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Alleviation of Adverse Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata) by Sulphur and Nitric Oxide Involves Up-Regulation of Antioxidant and Osmolyte Metabolism and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3082. [PMID: 37687329 PMCID: PMC10490269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the alleviatory effect of nitric oxide (50 µM) and sulphur (S, 1 mM K2SO4) were studied in Vigna radiata. Drought stress reduced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and the content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur. The foliar applications of NO and sulphur each individually alleviated the decline, with a greater alleviation observed in seedlings treated with both NO and sulphur. The reduction in intermediates of chlorophyll synthesis pathways and photosynthesis were alleviated by NO and sulphur. Oxidative stress was evident through the increased hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and activity of lipoxygenase and protease which were significantly assuaged by NO, sulphur and NO + sulphur treatments. A reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase was mitigated due to the application of NO and the supplementation of sulphur. The endogenous concentration of NO and hydrogen sulphide (HS) was increased due to PEG; however, the PEG-induced increase in NO and HS was lowered due to NO and sulphur. Furthermore, NO and sulphur treatments to PEG-stressed seedlings further enhanced the functioning of the antioxidant system, osmolytes and secondary metabolite accumulation. Activities of γ-glutamyl kinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were up-regulated due to NO and S treatments. The treatment of NO and S regulated the expression of the Cu/ZnSOD, POD, CAT, RLP, HSP70 and LEA genes significantly under normal and drought stress. The present study advocates for the beneficial use of NO and sulphur in the mitigation of drought-induced alterations in the metabolism of Vigna radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
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21
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Li N, Pu K, Ding D, Yang Y, Niu T, Li J, Xie J. Foliar Spraying of Glycine Betaine Alleviated Growth Inhibition, Photoinhibition, and Oxidative Stress in Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seedlings under Low Temperatures Combined with Low Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2563. [PMID: 37447123 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature combined with low light (LL stress) is a typical environmental stress that limits peppers' productivity, yield, and quality in northwestern China. Glycine betaine (GB), an osmoregulatory substance, has increasingly valuable effects on plant stress resistance. In this study, pepper seedlings were treated with different concentrations of GB under LL stress, and 20 mM of GB was the best treatment. To further explore the mechanism of GB in response to LL stress, four treatments, including CK (normal temperature and light, 28/18 °C, 300 μmol m-2 s-1), CB (normal temperature and light + 20 mM GB), LL (10/5 °C, 100 μmol m-2 s-1), and LB (10/5 °C, 100 μmol m-2 s-1 + 20 mM GB), were investigated in terms of pepper growth, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic capacity, expression levels of encoded proteins Capsb, cell membrane permeability, antioxidant enzyme gene expression and activity, and subcellular localization. The results showed that the pre-spraying of GB under LL stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of pepper seedlings; increased plant height by 4.64%; increased root activity by 63.53%; and decreased photoinhibition by increasing the chlorophyll content; upregulating the expression levels of encoded proteins Capsb A, Capsb B, Capsb C, Capsb D, Capsb S, Capsb P1, and Capsb P2 by 30.29%, 36.69%, 18.81%, 30.05%, 9.01%, 6.21%, and 16.45%, respectively; enhancing the fluorescence intensity (OJIP curves), the photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm'), qP, and NPQ; improving the light energy distribution of PSΠ (Y(II), Y(NPQ), and Y(NO)); and increasing the photochemical reaction fraction and reduced heat dissipation, thereby increasing plant height by 4.64% and shoot bioaccumulation by 13.55%. The pre-spraying of GB under LL stress also upregulated the gene expression of CaSOD, CaPOD, and CaCAT; increased the activity of the ROS-scavenging ability in the pepper leaves; and coordinately increased the SOD activity in the mitochondria, the POD activity in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytosol, and the CAT activity in the cytosol, which improved the LL resistance of the pepper plants by reducing excess H2O2, O2-, MDA, and soluble protein levels in the leaf cells, leading to reduced biological membrane damage. Overall, pre-spraying with GB effectively alleviated the negative effects of LL stress in pepper seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kaiguo Pu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dongxia Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tianhang Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
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22
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Zanotto S, Bertrand A, Purves RW, Olsen JE, Elessawy FM, Ergon Å. Biochemical changes after cold acclimation in Nordic red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) accessions with contrasting levels of freezing tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13953. [PMID: 37318218 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tolerate low freezing temperatures is an important component of winter survival and persistence of red clover. Cold acclimation (CA) allows plants to acquire higher levels of freezing tolerance. However, the biochemical responses to cold and the importance of such changes for the plant to acquire adequate freezing tolerance have not been investigated in red clover of Nordic origin, which has a distinct genetic background. To shed light on this, we selected five freezing tolerant (FT) and five freezing susceptible (FS) accessions and studied the effect of CA on the contents of carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in the crowns. Among those compounds which increased during CA, FT accessions had higher contents of raffinose, pinitol, arginine, serine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, and one phenolic compound (a pinocembrin hexoside derivative) than FS accessions, suggesting a role for these compounds in the freezing tolerance in the selected accessions. These findings, together with a description of the phenolic profile of red clover crowns, significantly add to the current knowledge of the biochemical changes during CA and their role in freezing tolerance in Nordic red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotto
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Annick Bertrand
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Fatma M Elessawy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Åshild Ergon
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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23
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Abdi N, Van Biljon A, Steyn C, Labuschagne M. Zn Fertilizer and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Bread Wheat Cultivar Grown under Water Deficit. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051078. [PMID: 37240723 DOI: 10.3390/life13051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During drought stress, many enzymes are inactivated in plants due to Zn deficiency. Zn application and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF)-wheat symbiosis reportedly improve the tolerance of plants to drought stress. This study was done to investigate the effect of Zn and AMF on plant growth, yield attributes, relative water content (RWC), harvest index (HI), photosynthetic activity, solute accumulation, glycine betaine (GB) accumulation, antioxidant activities [(catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and ionic attributes in a bread wheat cultivar (SST806) under drought-stress in plants grown under greenhouse conditions. Zn application and AMF inoculation, separately and combined, enhanced all plant growth parameters and yield. Root dry weight (RDW) was increased by 25, 30, and 46% for these three treatments, respectively, under drought conditions compared to the control treatment. Overall, Zn application, AMF inoculation, and their combination increased protein content, RWC, and harvest index (HI) under drought stress. However, AMF inoculation improved proline content more than Zn application under the same conditions. Regarding GB accumulation, AMF, Zn, and the combination of Zn and AMF increased GB under drought compared to well-watered conditions by 31.71, 10.36, and 70.70%, respectively. For the antioxidant defense, AMF inoculation and Zn application improved SOD and CAT activity by 58 and 56%, respectively. This study showed that Zn and/or AMF increased antioxidant levels and ionic attributes under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Abdi
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Angeline Van Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Steyn
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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24
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Cerna-Vargas JP, Gumerov VM, Krell T, Zhulin IB. Amine recognizing domain in diverse receptors from bacteria and archaea evolved from the universal amino acid sensor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535858. [PMID: 37066253 PMCID: PMC10104139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria contain many different receptor families that sense different signals permitting an optimal adaptation to the environment. A major limitation in microbiology is the lack of information on the signal molecules that activate receptors. Due to a significant sequence divergence, the signal recognized by sensor domains is only poorly reflected in overall sequence identity. Biogenic amines are of central physiological relevance for microorganisms and serve for example as substrates for aerobic and anaerobic growth, neurotransmitters or osmoprotectants. Based on protein structural information and sequence analysis, we report here the identification of a sequence motif that is specific for amine-sensing dCache sensor domains (dCache_1AM). These domains were identified in more than 13,000 proteins from 8,000 bacterial and archaeal species. dCache_1AM containing receptors were identified in all major receptor families including sensor kinases, chemoreceptors, receptors involved in second messenger homeostasis and Ser/Thr phosphatases. The screening of compound libraries and microcalorimetric titrations of selected dCache_1AM domains confirmed their capacity to specifically bind amines. Mutants in the amine binding motif or domains that contain a single mismatch in the binding motif, had either no or a largely reduced affinity for amines, illustrating the specificity of this motif. We demonstrate that the dCache_1AM domain has evolved from the universal amino acid sensing domain, providing novel insight into receptor evolution. Our approach enables precise "wet"-lab experiments to define the function of regulatory systems and thus holds a strong promise to address an important bottleneck in microbiology: the identification of signals that stimulate numerous receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Cerna-Vargas
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vadim M. Gumerov
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Igor B. Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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25
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Plant Metabolomics: An Overview of the Role of Primary and Secondary Metabolites against Different Environmental Stress Factors. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030706. [PMID: 36983860 PMCID: PMC10051737 DOI: 10.3390/life13030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the growth and development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, abiotic factors, e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, ultraviolet radiations (UVr), reactive oxygen species (ROS), trace metals (TM), and soil pH, are extremely destructive and decrease crop yield worldwide. It is expected that more than 50% of crop production losses are due to abiotic stresses. Moreover, these factors are responsible for physiological and biochemical changes in plants. The response of different plant species to such stresses is a complex phenomenon with individual features for several species. In addition, it has been shown that abiotic factors stimulate multi-gene responses by making modifications in the accumulation of the primary and secondary metabolites. Metabolomics is a promising way to interpret biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The study of metabolic profiling revealed different types of metabolites, e.g., amino acids, carbohydrates, phenols, polyamines, terpenes, etc, which are accumulated in plants. Among all, primary metabolites, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids polyamines, and glycine betaine, are considered the major contributing factors that work as osmolytes and osmoprotectants for plants from various environmental stress factors. In contrast, plant-derived secondary metabolites, e.g., phenolics, terpenoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids), have no direct role in the growth and development of plants. Nevertheless, such metabolites could play a significant role as a defense by protecting plants from biotic factors such as herbivores, insects, and pathogens. In addition, they can enhance the resistance against abiotic factors. Therefore, metabolomics practices are becoming essential and influential in plants by identifying different phytochemicals that are part of the acclimation responses to various stimuli. Hence, an accurate metabolome analysis is important to understand the basics of stress physiology and biochemistry. This review provides insight into the current information related to the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on variations of various sets of metabolite levels and explores how primary and secondary metabolites help plants in response to these stresses.
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26
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Bakshi P, Sharma P, Chouhan R, Mir BA, Gandhi SG, Bhardwaj R, Alam P, Ahmad P. Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculation restores photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea L. under chlorpyrifos toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:120760. [PMID: 36464116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a commonly used organophosphorous pesticide that is frequently utilised in the agricultural industry because of its great efficiency and inexpensive cost. The focus of the present study was to assess the impact of CP toxicity on Brassica juncea L. and to unravel the ameliorative potential of phytohormone, 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) mediated plant-microbe (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B1), Burkholderia gladioli (B2)) interaction in B. juncea L. The maximum significant increment in the total chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophyll, anthocyanin and flavonoid content with EBL and B2 treatment in CP stressed B. juncea seedlings on spectrophotometric analysis were observed. Autofluorescence imaging of photosynthetic pigments i.e. chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total phenols with confocal microscopy showed maximum fluorescence with EBL and B2. Furthermore, when compared to CP stressed seedlings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the abaxial surface of leaves revealed a recovery in stomatal opening. The supplementation of EBL and PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) improved the level of psb A (D1 subunit PSII) and psb B (CP 47 subunit of PSII) genes expression. The expression analysis of chalcone synthase (CHS), Phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), Phyotene synthase (PSY) with RT-PCR system showed up-regulation in the expression when supplemented with EBL and PGPR. As a result, the current study suggests that EBL and PGPR together, can reduce CP-induced toxicity in B. juncea seedlings and recovering the seedling biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Bakshi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, School of Life Science, Satellite Campus, University of Kashmir, Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India; Department of Botany, Kargil Campus, Khumbathang-Kargil, University of Ladakh, Ladakh, 194105, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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27
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Trono D, Pecchioni N. Candidate Genes Associated with Abiotic Stress Response in Plants as Tools to Engineer Tolerance to Drought, Salinity and Extreme Temperatures in Wheat: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233358. [PMID: 36501397 PMCID: PMC9737347 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat represents one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and its genetic improvement is fundamental to meeting the global demand of the growing population. However, the environmental stresses, worsened by climate change, and the increasing deterioration of arable land make it very difficult to fulfil this demand. In light of this, the tolerance of wheat to abiotic stresses has become a key objective of genetic improvement, as an effective strategy to ensure high yields without increasing the cultivated land. Genetic erosion related to modern agriculture, whereby elite, high-yielding wheat varieties are the product of high selection pressure, has reduced the overall genetic diversity, including the allelic diversity of genes that could be advantageous for adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. This makes traditional breeding a less effective or slower approach to generating new stress-tolerant wheat varieties. Either mining for the diversity of not-adapted large germplasm pools, or generating new diversity, are the mainstream approaches to be pursued. The advent of genetic engineering has opened the possibility to create new plant variability and its application has provided a strong complement to traditional breeding. Genetic engineering strategies such as transgenesis and genome editing have then provided the opportunity to improve environmental tolerance traits of agronomic importance in cultivated species. As for wheat, several laboratories worldwide have successfully produced transgenic wheat lines with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses, and, more recently, significant improvements in the CRISPR/Cas9 tools available for targeted variations within the wheat genome have been achieved. In light of this, the present review aims to provide successful examples of genetic engineering applications for the improvement of wheat adaptation to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures, which represent the most frequent and most severe events causing the greatest losses in wheat production worldwide.
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28
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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912053. [PMID: 36233352 PMCID: PMC9570234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops are not tolerant to extreme climatic environments. The aim in the near future, in a world with hunger and an increasing population, is to breed and/or engineer crops to tolerate abiotic stress with a higher yield. Some crop varieties display a certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders to develop varieties that thrive under stress conditions. Moreover, a long list of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance have been identified and characterized by molecular techniques and overexpressed individually in plant transformation experiments. Nevertheless, stress tolerance phenotypes are polygenetic traits, which current genomic tools are dissecting to exploit their use by accelerating genetic introgression using molecular markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe plant mechanisms to sense and tolerate adverse climate conditions and examine and discuss classic and new molecular tools to select and improve abiotic stress tolerance in major crops.
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29
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Yazdanpanah F, Willems LAJ, He H, Hilhorst HWM, Bentsink L. A Role for Allantoate Amidohydrolase (AtAAH) in the Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1298-1308. [PMID: 35861030 PMCID: PMC9474941 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a very complex trait controlled by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Nitrate is inversely correlated with seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. This is explained by the fact that seed dry storage (after-ripening) reduces the need for nitrogen for germination. When nitrate is absorbed by plants, it is first reduced to nitrite and then to ammonium for incorporation into amino acids, nucleic acids and chlorophyll. Previously, we showed that ALLANTOATE AMIDOHYDROLASE (AtAAH) transcripts are up-regulated in imbibed dormant seeds compared with after-ripened seeds. AAH is an enzyme in the uric acid catabolic pathway which catalyzes the hydrolysis of allantoate to yield CO2, NH3 and S-ureidoglycine. This pathway is the final stage of purine catabolism, and functions in plants and some bacteria to provide nitrogen, particularly when other nitrogen sources are depleted. Ataah mutant seeds are more dormant and accumulate high levels of allantoate, allantoin and urea, whereas energy-related metabolites and several amino acids are lower upon seed imbibition in comparison with Columbia-0. AtAAH expression could be detected during the early stages of seed development, with a transient increase around 8 d after pollination. AtAAH expression is the highest in mature pollen. The application of exogenous potassium nitrate can partly complement the higher dormancy phenotype of the Ataah mutant seeds, whereas other nitrogen sources cannot. Our results indicate that potassium nitrate does not specifically overcome the alleviated dormancy levels in Ataah mutant seeds, but promotes germination in general. Possible pathways by which AtAAH affects seed germination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo A J Willems
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Insight into Recent Progress and Perspectives in Improvement of Antioxidant Machinery upon PGPR Augmentation in Plants under Drought Stress: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091763. [PMID: 36139837 PMCID: PMC9495777 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture has a lot of responsibility as the rise in the world’s population demands more food requirements. However, more than one type of biotic and abiotic stress continually impacts agricultural productivity. Drought stress is a major abiotic stress that significantly affects agricultural productivity every year as the plants undergo several morphological, biochemical, and physiological modifications, such as repressed root and shoot growth, reduced photosynthesis and transpiration rate, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmotic adjustments, and modified leaf senescence regulating and stress signaling pathways. Such modifications may permanently damage the plants; therefore, mitigation strategies must be developed. The use of drought resistant crop cultivars is more expensive and labor-intensive with few advantages. However, exploiting plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a proven alternative with numerous direct and indirect advantages. The PGPR confers induced systemic tolerance (IST) mechanisms in plants in response to drought stress via multiple mechanisms, including the alteration of root architecture, maintenance of high relative water content, improvement of photosynthesis rate, production of phytohormones, exopolysaccharides, ACC deaminase, carotenoids and volatiles, induction of antioxidant defense system, and alteration in stress-responsive gene expression. The commercial application of PGPR as bioinoculants or biostimulants will remain contingent on more robust strain selection and performance under unfavorable environmental conditions. This review highlights the possible mechanisms of PGPR by activating the plant adaptive defense systems for enhancing drought tolerance and improving overall growth and yield.
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Xia W, Zong J, Zheng K, Wang Y, Zhang D, Guo S, Sun G. DgCspC gene overexpression improves cotton yield and tolerance to drought and salt stress comparison with wild-type plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985900. [PMID: 36147229 PMCID: PMC9485673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought and high salinity are key limiting factors for cotton quality and yield. Therefore, research is increasingly focused on mining effective genes to improve the stress resistance of cotton. Few studies have demonstrated that bacterial Cold shock proteins (Csps) overexpression can enhance plants stress tolerance. Here, we first identified and cloned a gene DgCspC encoding 88 amino acids (aa) with an open reading frame (ORF) of 264 base pairs (bp) from a Deinococcus gobiensis I-0 with high resistance to strong radiation, drought, and high temperature. In this study, heterologous expression of DgCspC promoted cotton growth, as exhibited by larger leaf size and higher plant height than the wild-type plants. Moreover, transgenic cotton lines showed higher tolerance to drought and salts stresses than wild-type plants, as revealed by susceptibility phenotype and physiological indexes. Furthermore, the enhanced stresses tolerance was attributed to high capacity of cellular osmotic regulation and ROS scavenging resulted from DgCspC expression modulating relative genes upregulated to cause proline and betaine accumulation. Meanwhile, photosynthetic efficiency and yield were significantly higher in the transgenic cotton than in the wild-type control under field conditions. This study provides a newly effective gene resource to cultivate new cotton varieties with high stresses resistance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China
| | - Jiahang Zong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Niu J, Chen Z, Guo Z, Xu N, Sui X, Roy M, Kareem HA, Hassan MU, Cui J, Wang Q. Exogenous melatonin promotes the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under NaCl stress through multiple pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113938. [PMID: 35926408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common factors affecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and NaCl is one of the main factors of salinity stress which can cause heavy losses in agricultural production in the world. The application of exogenous melatonin (MT) plays a major role in numerous plants against various stress environments. The effects of exogenous MT on the NaCl tolerance of alfalfa treated with the control, 100 µmol L-1 MT, 150 mmol L-1 NaCl, or 150 mmol L-1 NaCl+ 100 µmol L-1 MT were investigated. The results showed that MT increased growth parameters, inhibited chlorophyll degradation and promoted photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, conductance to H2O, and transpiration rate) and stomatal opening under NaCl stress. Osmotic regulation substances such as soluble sugar, proline and glycine betaine were the highest in the NaCl treatment and the second in the NaCl+MT treatment. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were reduced and sodium was increased by NaCl, whereas these levels were reversed by the NaCl+MT treatment. MT inhibited cell membrane imperfection, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation caused by NaCl stress. MT up-regulated the gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of antioxidant non-enzyme substances to scavenge excessive ROS in NaCl-treated plants. In addition, all indicators interacted with each other to a certain extent and could be grouped according to the relative values. All variables were divided into PC 1 (89.2 %) and PC 2 (4 %). They were clustered into two categories with opposite effects, and most of them were significant variables. Hence, these findings reveal that exogenous MT alleviates the inhibitory effects of NaCl stress on photosynthesis, stomata opening, osmotic adjustment, ion balance and redox homeostasis, enhancing tolerance and growth of alfalfa. Furthermore, it suggests that MT could be implemented to improve the NaCl tolerance of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Niu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Sui
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Momi Roy
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Kareem
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Satyakam, Zinta G, Singh RK, Kumar R. Cold adaptation strategies in plants—An emerging role of epigenetics and antifreeze proteins to engineer cold resilient plants. Front Genet 2022; 13:909007. [PMID: 36092945 PMCID: PMC9459425 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and yield. Also, the spatial and geographical distribution of plant species is influenced by low temperatures. Cold stress includes chilling and/or freezing temperatures, which trigger entirely different plant responses. Freezing tolerance is acquired via the cold acclimation process, which involves prior exposure to non-lethal low temperatures followed by profound alterations in cell membrane rigidity, transcriptome, compatible solutes, pigments and cold-responsive proteins such as antifreeze proteins. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin dynamics and small non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in cold stress adaptation. Here, we provide a recent update on cold-induced signaling and regulatory mechanisms. Emphasis is given to the role of epigenetic mechanisms and antifreeze proteins in imparting cold stress tolerance in plants. Lastly, we discuss genetic manipulation strategies to improve cold tolerance and develop cold-resistant plants.
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Ibrahim AEA, Abd El Mageed T, Abohamid Y, Abdallah H, El-Saadony M, AbuQamar S, El-Tarabily K, Abdou N. Exogenously Applied Proline Enhances Morph-Physiological Responses and Yield of Drought-Stressed Maize Plants Grown Under Different Irrigation Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897027. [PMID: 35909786 PMCID: PMC9331896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous application of osmoprotectants [e.g., proline (Pro)] is an important approach for alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plants. Field trials were conducted during the summers of 2017 and 2018 to determine the effects of deficit irrigation and exogenous application of Pro on the productivity, morph-physiological responses, and yield of maize grown under two irrigation systems [surface irrigation (SI) and drip irrigation (DI)]. Three deficit irrigation levels (I100, I85, and I70, representing 100, 85, and 70% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and two concentrations of Pro (Pro1 = 2 mM and Pro2 = 4 mM) were used in this study. The plants exposed to drought stress showed a significant reduction in plant height, dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll content [soil plant analysis development (SPAD)], quantum efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and performance index (PI)], water status [membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC)], and grain yield. The DI system increased crop growth and yield and reduced the irrigation water input by 30% compared with the SI system. The growth, water status, and yield of plants significantly decreased with an increase in the water stress levels under the SI system. Under the irrigation systems tested in this study, Pro1 and Pro2 increased plant height by 16 and 18%, RWC by 7 and 10%, MSI by 6 and 12%, PI by 6 and 19%, chlorophyll fluorescence by 7 and 11%, relative chlorophyll content by 9 and 14%, and grain yield by 10 and 14%, respectively, compared with Pro0 control treatment (no Pro). The interaction of Pro2 at I100 irrigation level in DI resulted in the highest grain yield (8.42 t ha-1). However, under the DI or SI system, exogenously applied Pro2 at I85 irrigation level may be effective in achieving higher water productivity and yield without exerting any harmful effects on the growth or yield of maize under limited water conditions. Our results demonstrated the importance of the application of Pro as a tolerance inducer of drought stress in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Aty Ibrahim
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Taia Abd El Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abohamid
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hanan Abdallah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Synan AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Nasr Abdou
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Sanchez F, Bassil E, Crane JH, Shahid MA, Vincent CI, Schaffer B. Spectral light distribution affects photosynthesis, leaf reflective indices, antioxidant activity and growth of Vanillaplanifolia. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 182:145-153. [PMID: 35500525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia is an obligate sciophyte (shade plant) with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis. Plants were grown for 12 months under black, blue, green, or red photoselective shade netting (PSN) to alter the spectral light distribution impacting the plants. Light wavelengths were measured in each treatment and plants were assessed for photosynthetic characteristics, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, leaf reflectance indices, leaf area, growth, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and osmolyte content. Plants grown under red PSN had a higher quantity of red and far-red light and had greater nocturnal net CO2 assimilation (NocA), leaf area and leaf dry weight than plants in the other treatments. Plants grown under blue PSN had a higher quantity of blue light, resulting in a higher LCI and maximum quantum yield than plants in the other treatments. Plants grown under the red and blue PSN had increased leaf spectral reflectance indices compared to plants in the other treatments, which resulted in the highest levels of antioxidant scavenging enzymes, ascorbic acid (AsA), proline, and glycine betaine, and the lowest levels of H2O2. These findings demonstrate that increasing light in the red and far-red or blue portions of the spectrum by using PSN alters the photosynthetic and/or antioxidant responses of V. planifolia and increasing red and far-red light by using red PSN can also accelerate plant growth, possibly due to higher photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sanchez
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Elias Bassil
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Jonathan H Crane
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Muhammad A Shahid
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Christopher I Vincent
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Bruce Schaffer
- University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
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Glycine betaine modulates chromium (VI)-induced morpho-physiological and biochemical responses to mitigate chromium toxicity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8005. [PMID: 35568714 PMCID: PMC9107477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) accumulation in crops reduces yield. Here, we grew two chickpea cultivars, Pusa 2085 (Cr-tolerant) and Pusa Green 112 (Cr-sensitive), in hydroponic and pot conditions under different Cr treatments: 0 and 120 µM Cr and 120 µM Cr + 100 mM glycine betaine (GB). For plants grown in the hydroponic media, we evaluated root morphological attributes and plasma membrane integrity via Evans blue uptake. We also estimated H+-ATPase activity in the roots and leaves of both cultivars. Plants in pots under conditions similar to those of the hydroponic setup were used to measure growth traits, oxidative stress, chlorophyll contents, enzymatic activities, proline levels, and nutrient elements at the seedling stage. Traits such as Cr uptake in different plant parts after 42 days and grain yield after 140 days of growth were also evaluated. In both cultivars, plant growth traits, chlorophyll contents, enzymatic activities, nutrient contents, and grain yield were significantly reduced under Cr stress, whereas oxidative stress and proline levels were increased compared to the control levels. Further, Cr uptake was remarkably decreased in the roots and leaves of Cr-tolerant than in Cr-sensitive cultivars. Application of GB led to improved root growth and morpho-physiological attributes and reduced oxidative stress along with reduced loss in plasma membrane integrity and subsequently increase in H+-ATPase activity. An increment in these parameters shows that the exogenous application of GB improves the Cr stress tolerance in chickpea plants.
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Mir R, Romero I, González-Orenga S, Ferrer-Gallego PP, Laguna E, Boscaiu M, Oprică L, Grigore MN, Vicente O. Constitutive and Adaptive Traits of Environmental Stress Tolerance in the Threatened Halophyte Limonium angustebracteatum Erben (Plumbaginaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091137. [PMID: 35567138 PMCID: PMC9103948 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Limonium angustebracteatum is a halophyte endemic to the E and SE Iberian Peninsula with interest in conservation. Salt glands represent an important adaptive trait in recretohalophytes like this and other Limonium species, as they allow the excretion of excess salts, reducing the concentration of toxic ions in foliar tissues. This study included the analysis of the salt gland structure, composed of 12 cells, 4 secretory and 8 accessory. Several anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses to stress were also analysed in adult plants subjected to one month of water stress, complete lack of irrigation, and salt stress, by watering with aqueous solutions of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mM NaCl. Plant growth was inhibited by the severe water deficit and, to a lesser extent, by high NaCl concentrations. A variation in the anatomical structure of the leaves was detected under conditions of salt and water stress; plants from the salt stress treatment showed salt glands sunken between epidermal cells, bordered by very large epidermal cells, whereas in those from the water stress treatment, the epidermal cells were heterogeneous in shape and size. In both, the palisade structure of the leaves was altered. Salt excretion is usually accompanied by the accumulation of salts in the foliar tissue. This was also found in L. angustebracteatum, in which the concentration of all ions analysed was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The increase of K+ in the roots of plants subjected to water stress was also remarkable. The multivariate analysis indicated differences in water and salt stress responses, such as the accumulation of Na and Cl, or proline, but K+ homeostasis played a relevant role in the mechanism of tolerance to both stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mir
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (I.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (I.R.); (O.V.)
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego
- Centre for Forestry Research and Experimentation (CIEF), CIEF-Wildlife Service, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, 46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (E.L.)
| | - Emilio Laguna
- Centre for Forestry Research and Experimentation (CIEF), CIEF-Wildlife Service, Generalitat Valenciana, Avda Comarques del País Valencia, 114, 46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia, Spain; (P.P.F.-G.); (E.L.)
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Oprică
- Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I nr. 11, 700506 Iași, Romania;
| | - Marius-Nicușor Grigore
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Str. Universității 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (R.M.); (I.R.); (O.V.)
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Mortazavi SE, Mirlohi A, Arzani A. Overexpression of Choline Oxidase Gene in Three Filial Generations of Rice Transgenic Lines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e2850. [PMID: 36337062 PMCID: PMC9583819 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.245350.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycinebetaine (GB) accumulation in many halophytic plants, animals, and microorganisms confers abiotic stress tolerance to salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Although there are a few genetic and biochemical pathways to synthesize GB, but isolation of a single gene Choline Oxidase (codA) from Arthrobacter spp. have opened a new hatch to engineer the susceptible plants. OBJECTIVES The effects of overexpressed codA gene, through multiple copy insertion and GB accumulation on salinity tolerance in rice were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed-derived embryogenic calli of 'Tarom Molaie' cultivar were targeted with two plasmids pChlCOD and pCytCOD both harboring the codA gene using the biolistic mediated transformation. The regenerated T0 plants were screened by PCR analysis. A line containing three copies of codA gene and harboring pChlCOD and pCytCOD was identified by Southern blot analysis. The expression of codA gene in this transgenic line was then confirmed by RT-PCR. The Mendelian segregation pattern of the inserted sequences was accomplished by the progeny test using PCR. The effects of overexpression of codA on salinity tolerance were evaluated at germination and seedling stage using T2-pChl transgenic line and control seeds in the presence of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl. Finally, leaf growth dynamics of T2-pChlCOD transgenic line and control line under hydroponic conditions in the presence of 0, 40, 80, and 120 mM NaCl were assessed. RESULTS The seed germination experiment results showed that the transformed seeds had a higher germination rate than the controls under all salinity treatments. But also, the leaf growth dynamics showed that the control plants had a more favorable leaf growth dynamic in all of the treatments. Although, the transgenic lines (T0, T1 and T2) exhibited lower performance than the wild type, the transgenic line varied for GB and choline contents and increasing codA gene copy number led to increased GB content. CONCLUSION In a salinity sensitive crop such as rice, GB may not significantly contribute to the plant protection against salt stress. Also, insufficiency of choline resources as GB precursor might have affected the overall growth ability of the transgenic line and resulted in decreased leaf growth dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Elyass Mortazavi
- Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj, Iran
| | - Aghafakhr Mirlohi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Arzani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Muthuramalingam P, Shin H, Adarshan S, Jeyasri R, Priya A, Chen JT, Ramesh M. Molecular Insights into Freezing Stress in Peach Based on Multi-Omics and Biotechnology: An Overview. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060812. [PMID: 35336695 PMCID: PMC8954506 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In nature or field conditions, plants are frequently exposed to diverse environmental stressors. Among abiotic stresses, the low temperature of freezing conditions is a critical factor that influences plants, including horticultural crops, decreasing their growth, development, and eventually quality and productivity. Fortunately, plants have developed a mechanism to improve the tolerance to freezing during exposure to a range of low temperatures. In this present review, current findings on freezing stress physiology and genetics in peach (Prunus persica) were refined with an emphasis on adaptive mechanisms for cold acclimation, deacclimation, and reacclimation. In addition, advancements using multi-omics and genetic engineering approaches unravel the molecular physiological mechanisms, including hormonal regulations and their general perceptions of freezing tolerance in peach were comprehensively described. This review might pave the way for future research to the horticulturalists and research scientists to overcome the challenges of freezing temperature and improvement of crop management in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.A.); (R.J.); (A.P.); (M.R.)
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Dastogeer KMG, Zahan MI, Rhaman MS, Sarker MSA, Chakraborty A. Microbe-Mediated Thermotolerance in Plants and Pertinent Mechanisms- A Meta-Analysis and Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:833566. [PMID: 35330772 PMCID: PMC8940538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial symbionts can mediate plant stress responses by enhancing thermal tolerance, but less attention has been paid to measuring these effects across plant-microbe studies. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies as well as discussed with relevant literature to determine how the symbionts influence plant responses under non-stressed versus thermal-stressed conditions. As compared to non-inoculated plants, inoculated plants had significantly higher biomass and photosynthesis under heat stress conditions. A significantly decreased accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) indicated a lower oxidation level in the colonized plants, which was also correlated with the higher activity of catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase enzymes due to microbial colonization under heat stress. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and proline were variable. Our meta-analysis revealed that microbial colonization influenced plant growth and physiology, but their effects were more noticeable when their host plants were exposed to high-temperature stress than when they grew under ambient temperature conditions. We discussed the mechanisms of microbial conferred plant thermotolerance, including at the molecular level based on the available literature. Further, we highlighted and proposed future directions toward exploring the effects of symbionts on the heat tolerances of plants for their implications in sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mst. I. Zahan
- Scientific Officer (Breeding Division), Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad S. Rhaman
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad S. A. Sarker
- Basic and Applied Research on Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Ghosh UK, Islam MN, Siddiqui MN, Cao X, Khan MAR. Proline, a multifaceted signalling molecule in plant responses to abiotic stress: understanding the physiological mechanisms. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:227-239. [PMID: 34796604 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an important amino acid, plays an important role in maintaining the metabolism and growth of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Many insights indicate a positive relationship between proline accumulation and tolerance of plants to various abiotic stresses. Because of its metal chelator properties, it acts as a molecular chaperone, an antioxidative defence molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as having signalling behaviour to activate specific gene functions that are crucial for plant recovery from stresses. It also acts as an osmoprotectant, a potential source to acquire nitrogen as well as carbon, and plays a significant role in the flowering and development of plants. Overproduction of proline in plant cells contributes to maintaining cellular homeostasis, water uptake, osmotic adjustment and redox balance to restore the cell structures and mitigate oxidative damage. Many reports reveal that transgenic plants, particularly those overexpressing genes tailored for proline accumulation, exhibit better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive update on proline biosynthesis and accumulation in plants and its putative regulatory roles in mediating plant defence against abiotic stresses. Additionally, the current and future directions in research concerning manipulation of proline to induce gene functions that appear promising in genetics and genomics approaches to improve plant adaptive responses under changing climate conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - X Cao
- School of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - M A R Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041995. [PMID: 35216108 PMCID: PMC8879091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (OH−)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.
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Singh PK, Indoliya Y, Agrawal L, Awasthi S, Deeba F, Dwivedi S, Chakrabarty D, Shirke PA, Pandey V, Singh N, Dhankher OP, Barik SK, Tripathi RD. Genomic and proteomic responses to drought stress and biotechnological interventions for enhanced drought tolerance in plants. CURRENT PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 29:100239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2022.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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Martínez-Santos E, Cruz-Cruz CA, Spinoso-Castillo JL, Bello-Bello JJ. In vitro response of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22611. [PMID: 34799670 PMCID: PMC8604918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought-induced water stress affects the productivity of the Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews crop. In vitro culture technique is an effective tool for the study of water stress tolerance mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological, physiological and biochemical response of V. planifolia under in vitro water stress conditions induced with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In vitro regenerated shoots of 2 cm in length were subjected to different concentrations of PEG 6000 (0, 1, 2 and 3% w/v) using Murashige and Skoog semi-solid culture medium. At 60 days of culture, different growth variables, dry matter (DM) content, chlorophyll (Chl), soluble proteins (SP), proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB), stomatal index (SI) and open stomata (%) were evaluated. Results showed a reduction in growth, Chl content, SP, SI and open stomata (%) with increasing PEG concentration, whereas DM, Pro and GB contents rose with increasing PEG concentration. In conclusion, PEG-induced osmotic stress allowed describing physiological and biochemical mechanisms of response to water stress. Furthermore, the determination of compatible Pro and GB osmolytes can be used as biochemical markers in future breeding programs for the early selection of water stress tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martínez-Santos
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Carretera Córdoba Veracruz, Amatlán de los Reyes Km 348, 94946, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Cruz-Cruz
- Universidad Veracruzana-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Oriente 6, No. 1009, Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - José Luis Spinoso-Castillo
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Carretera Córdoba Veracruz, Amatlán de los Reyes Km 348, 94946, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello
- CONACYT-Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Carretera Córdoba Veracruz, Amatlán de los Reyes Km 348, 94946, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Al-Mushhin AAM, Qari SH, Fakhr MA, Alnusairi GSH, Alnusaire TS, ALrashidi AA, Latef AAHA, Ali OM, Khan AA, Soliman MH. Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2416. [PMID: 34834781 PMCID: PMC8623490 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol has gained a central position in plants due to its vital role in physiology and biochemistry. This experimental work assessed the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of myo-inositol (MYO) on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, osmolyte accumulation, and gene expression in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L. var. Giza1). Our results show that salinity stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and Fv/Fm, with a more pronounced effect at higher NaCl concentrations. However, the exogenous application of MYO increased the growth and photosynthesis traits and alleviated the stress to a considerable extent. Salinity also significantly reduced the water potential and water use efficiency in plants under saline regime; however, exogenous application of myo-inositol coped with this issue. MYO significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, reduced lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage concomitant with an increase in the membrane stability index. Exogenous application of MYO up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes' activities and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione, contributing to membrane stability and reduced oxidative damage. The damaging effects of salinity stress on quinoa were further mitigated by increased accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, free amino acids, and soluble sugars in MYO-treated seedlings. The expression pattern of OSM34, NHX1, SOS1A, SOS1B, BADH, TIP2, NSY, and SDR genes increased significantly due to the application of MYO under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Our results support the conclusion that exogenous MYO alleviates salt stress by involving antioxidants, enhancing plant growth attributes and membrane stability, and reducing oxidative damage to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa A. Fakhr
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application (SRTA-city), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Ghalia S. H. Alnusairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.H.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Taghreed S. Alnusaire
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.H.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Omar M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir Abdullah Khan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mona H. Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia
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Sita K, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj A, Bhandari K, Kumar S, Prasad PV, Jha U, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Nitric oxide secures reproductive efficiency in heat-stressed lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) plants by enhancing the photosynthetic ability to improve yield traits. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2549-2566. [PMID: 34924710 PMCID: PMC8639968 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures, globally and locally, would be detrimental for cool- and summer-season food legumes, such as lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Lentil is highly sensitive to supra-optimal temperatures (> 30 °C), particularly during reproductive growth, resulting in flower and pod losses. Thus, suitable strategies are needed to introduce heat tolerance in this legume. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO)-applied as foliar treatment of 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), twice (one day before final exposure to high temperature, and again five days later)-on heat-stressed (32/20 °C) lentil genotypes, differing in heat sensitivity. As a result of heat stress, endogenous NO increased significantly in heat-tolerant genotypes (46-62% in leaves and 66-68% in anthers, relative to the respective controls), while it decreased in heat-sensitive (HS) genotypes (27-30% in leaves and 28-33% in anthers, relative to the respective controls). Foliar supplementation with SNP markedly increased endogenous NO in leaves and anthers of both the control and heat-treated plants. Heat stress significantly accelerated phenology, damaged membranes, chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, cellular viability, and decreased leaf water status, carbon fixing and assimilating ability, less so in plants treated with SNP. Heat stress plus SNP significantly improved carbon fixation (as RuBisCo activity) and assimilation ability, (as sucrose concentration (in leaves and anthers), sucrose synthase and vacuolar acid invertase activity, reducing sugars), as well as osmolyte accumulation (proline and glycine betaine) in leaves and anthers. Moreover, SNP-treated plants had significantly less oxidative damage-measured as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations-in leaves and anthers, relative to the respective control. Reproductive function-assessed as pollen grain germination and viability, stigma receptivity, and ovular viability-decreased markedly in plants exposed to heat stress alone, more so in HS genotypes, but increased significantly with SNP treatment as a consequence of improved leaf and anther function, to significantly increase the pod and seed numbers in heat-stressed lentil plants, relative to heat-stress alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sita
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Akanksha Sehgal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS USA
| | - Anjali Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Kalpna Bhandari
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | | | | | - Uday Jha
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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Checchio MV, de Cássia Alves R, de Oliveira KR, Moro GV, Santos DMMD, Gratão PL. Enhancement of salt tolerance in corn using Azospirillum brasilense: an approach on antioxidant systems. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1279-1289. [PMID: 34302571 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has become one of the major factors limiting agricultural production. In this regard, different cost-effective management strategies such as the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as inoculants to alleviate salt-stress conditions and minimize plant productivity losses have been used in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to characterize induced antioxidant responses in corn through inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and examine the relationship between these responses and the acquired salt-stress tolerance. Treatments were performed by combining sodium chloride (0 and 100 mM NaCl) through irrigation water with absence and presence of A. brasilense inoculation. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]), and nitrogen (N), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) contents, as well as dry biomass, glycine betaine, and antioxidant enzymes activities such as of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1. 15. 1. 1), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1. 6. 4. 2), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX, EC 1. 11. 1. 7), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX, EC 1. 11. 1. 9) were determined. Overall results indicated that plants treated with 100 mM NaCl showed the most pronounced salt-stress damages with consequent increase in MDA content. However, inoculated plants showed an enhanced capacity to withstand or avoid salt-stress damages. These results could be attributed, at least in part, to the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Our results suggest that A. brasilense may confer tolerance to salt stress in corn plants enhancing antioxidant responses, primarily by the enzymes GSH-PX and GPOX, and the osmolyte glycine betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Vantini Checchio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Depto. de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Alves
- Núcleo de Produção Vegetal, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA), Campina Grande, PB, 58434-700, Brazil
| | - Kevein Ruas de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Depto. de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Vitti Moro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Depto. de Produção Vegetal, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Durvalina Maria Mathias Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Depto. de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lupino Gratão
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Depto. de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Abd-Elghany SE, Moustafa AA, Gomaa NH, Hamed BEA. Mycorrhizal impact on Ocimum basilicum grown under drought stress. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ocimum basilicum was grown under three levels of drought stress (100% Field capacity, 70% Field capacity, and 40% Field capacity). Half of the plants were inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhiza and the other half was not inoculated. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were applied to improve plant growth and to alleviate drought stress on sweet basil.
Results
Drought Couse inhibition in the colonization of Arbuscular mycorrhiza, reduction in plant growth, decrease stomatal size increase stomatal density, a decline in soluble carbohydrates, accumulation of amino acids, proline, and glycine betaine, and reduction in some minerals such as P, K, and Na.
Conclusions
The effect of drought was alleviated by the application of inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhiza.
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Zhang L, Miras-Moreno B, Yildiztugay E, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Elbasan F, Ak G, Rouphael Y, Zengin G, Lucini L. Metabolomics and Physiological Insights into the Ability of Exogenously Applied Chlorogenic Acid and Hesperidin to Modulate Salt Stress in Lettuce Distinctively. Molecules 2021; 26:6291. [PMID: 34684872 PMCID: PMC8537907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in the agronomic field indicate that the exogenous application of polyphenols can provide tolerance against various stresses in plants. However, the molecular processes underlying stress mitigation remain unclear, and little is known about the impact of exogenously applied phenolics, especially in combination with salinity. In this work, the impacts of exogenously applied chlorogenic acid (CA), hesperidin (HES), and their combination (HES + CA) have been investigated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through untargeted metabolomics to evaluate mitigation effects against salinity. Growth parameters, physiological measurements, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential as well as gas exchange parameters were also measured. As expected, salinity produced a significant decline in the physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce. However, the treatments with exogenous phenolics, particularly HES and HES + CA, allowed lettuce to cope with salt stress condition. Interestingly, the treatments triggered a broad metabolic reprogramming that involved secondary metabolism and small molecules such as electron carriers, enzyme cofactors, and vitamins. Under salinity conditions, CA and HES + CA distinctively elicited secondary metabolism, nitrogen-containing compounds, osmoprotectants, and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya 42090, Turkey;
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
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Hafez EM, Gowayed SM, Nehela Y, Sakran RM, Rady AMS, Awadalla A, Omara AED, Alowaiesh BF. Incorporated Biochar-Based Soil Amendment and Exogenous Glycine Betaine Foliar Application Ameliorate Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Tolerance and Resilience to Osmotic Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091930. [PMID: 34579461 PMCID: PMC8471834 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress is a major physiologic dysfunction that alters the water movement across the cell membrane. Soil salinity and water stress are major causal factors of osmotic stress that severely affect agricultural productivity and sustainability. Herein, we suggested and evaluated the impact of integrated biochar-based soil amendment and exogenous glycine betaine application on the growth, physiology, productivity, grain quality, and osmotic stress tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Sakha 105) grown in salt-affected soil under three irrigation intervals (6, 9, or 12 days), as well as soil properties and nutrient uptake under field conditions during the 2019 and 2020 seasons. Our findings showed that dual application of biochar and glycine betaine (biochar + glycine betaine) reduced the soil pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable sodium percentage. However, it enhanced the K+ uptake which increased in the leaves of treated-rice plants. Additionally, biochar and glycine betaine supplementation enhanced the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) and physiological attributes (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage) of osmotic-stressed rice plants. Biochar + glycine betaine altered the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxide, and peroxidase). Moreover, it improved the yield components, biological yield, and harvest index, as well as the nutrient value of rice grains of osmotic-stressed rice plants. Collectively, these findings underline the potential application of biochar and glycine betaine as a sustainable eco-friendly strategy to improve plant resilience, not only rice, but other plant species in general and other cereal crops in particular, to abiotic stress, particularly those growing in salt-affected soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Salah M. Gowayed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Raghda M. Sakran
- Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa M. S. Rady
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Abdelmoniem Awadalla
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Bassam F. Alowaiesh
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
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