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García-Soto I, Boussageon R, Cruz-Farfán YM, Castro-Chilpa JD, Hernández-Cerezo LX, Bustos-Zagal V, Leija-Salas A, Hernández G, Torres M, Formey D, Courty PE, Wipf D, Serrano M, Tromas A. The Lotus japonicus ROP3 Is Involved in the Establishment of the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis but Not of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:696450. [PMID: 34868100 PMCID: PMC8636059 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.696450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Legumes form root mutualistic symbioses with some soil microbes promoting their growth, rhizobia, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A conserved set of plant proteins rules the transduction of symbiotic signals from rhizobia and AMF in a so-called common symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP). Despite considerable efforts and advances over the past 20 years, there are still key elements to be discovered about the establishment of these root symbioses. Rhizobia and AMF root colonization are possible after a deep cell reorganization. In the interaction between the model legume Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium loti, this reorganization has been shown to be dependent on a SCAR/Wave-like signaling module, including Rho-GTPase (ROP in plants). Here, we studied the potential role of ROP3 in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (NFS) as well as in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). We performed a detailed phenotypic study on the effects of the loss of a single ROP on the establishment of both root symbioses. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of key genes related to CSSP and to the rhizobial-specific pathway. Under our experimental conditions, rop3 mutant showed less nodule formation at 7- and 21-days post inoculation as well as less microcolonies and a higher frequency of epidermal infection threads. However, AMF root colonization was not affected. These results suggest a role of ROP3 as a positive regulator of infection thread formation and nodulation in L. japonicus. In addition, CSSP gene expression was neither affected in NFS nor in AMS condition in rop3 mutant. whereas the expression level of some genes belonging to the rhizobial-specific pathway, like RACK1, decreased in the NFS. In conclusion, ROP3 appears to be involved in the NFS, but is neither required for intra-radical growth of AMF nor arbuscule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette García-Soto
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ivette García-Soto,
| | - Raphael Boussageon
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Victor Bustos-Zagal
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Leija-Salas
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Mario Serrano,
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- La Cité College, Bureau de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Alexandre Tromas,
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Islas-Flores T, Pérez-Cervantes E, Nava-Galeana J, Loredo-Guillén M, Guillén G, Villanueva MA. Molecular Features and mRNA Expression of the Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 from Symbiodinium microadriaticum ssp. microadriaticum During Growth and the Light/Dark cycle. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:254-266. [PMID: 30027647 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two genes of the RACK1 homolog from the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum ssp. microadriaticum (SmicRACK1), termed SmicRACK1A and SmicRACK1B, were found tandemly arrayed and displayed a single synonymous substitution (T/C) encoding threonine. They included two exons of 942 bp each, encoding 313 amino acids with seven WD-40 repeats and two PKC-binding motifs. The protein theoretical mass and pI were 34,200 Da and 5.9, respectively. SmicRACK1 showed maximum identities with RACK1 homologs at the amino acid and nucleotide level, respectively, of 92 and 84% with S. minutum, and phylogenetic analysis revealed clustered related RACK1 sequences from the marine dinoflagellates S. minutum, Heterocapsa triquetra, Karenia brevis, and Alexandrium tamarense. Interestingly, light-dependent regulatory elements were found both within the 282 bp SmicRACK1A promotor sequence, and within an intergenic sequence of 359 nucleotides that separated both genes, which strongly suggest light-related functions. This was further supported by mRNA accumulation analysis, which fluctuated along the light and dark phases of the growth cycle showing maximum specific peaks under either condition. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed differential SmicRACK1 mRNA accumulation with maxima at 6 and 20 d of culture. Our SmicRACK1 characterization suggests roles in active growth and proliferation, as well as light/dark cycle regulation in S. microadriaticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Islas-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, U. N. A. M., Prolongación Avenida Niños Héroes S/N, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, 77580, México
| | - Esmeralda Pérez-Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, U. N. A. M., Prolongación Avenida Niños Héroes S/N, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, 77580, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología-UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México
| | - Jessica Nava-Galeana
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, U. N. A. M., Prolongación Avenida Niños Héroes S/N, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, 77580, México
| | - Montserrat Loredo-Guillén
- Grupo QUAE, S. de R.L., Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Int. Hospital Morelos, Calle de la Luz 44, Col. Chapultepec, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62450, México
| | - Gabriel Guillén
- Grupo QUAE, S. de R.L., Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Int. Hospital Morelos, Calle de la Luz 44, Col. Chapultepec, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62450, México.,Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, U. N. A. M., Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Marco A Villanueva
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, U. N. A. M., Prolongación Avenida Niños Héroes S/N, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, 77580, México
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Li DH, Shen FJ, Li HY, Li W. Kale BoRACK1 is involved in the plant response to salt stress and Peronospora brassicae Gaumann. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:188-198. [PMID: 28411489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) belongs to a protein subfamily containing a tryptophan-aspartic acid-domain (WD) repeat structure. Compelling evidence indicates that RACK1 can interact with many signal molecules and affect different signal transduction pathways. In this study, a kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala f.tricolor) RACK1 gene (BoRACK1) was cloned by RT-PCR. The amino acid sequence of BoRACK1 had seven WD repeats in which there were typical GH (glycine-histidine) and WD dipeptides. Comparison with AtRACK1 from Arabidopsis revealed 87.1% identity at the amino acid level. Expression pattern analysis by RT-PCR showed that BoRACK1 was expressed in all analyzed tissues of kale and that its transcription in leaves was down-regulated by salt, abscisic acid, and H2O2 at a high concentration. Overexpression of BoRACK1 in kale led to a reduction in symptoms caused by Peronospora brassicae Gaumann on kale leaves. The expression levels of the pathogenesis-related protein genes, PR-1 and PRB-1, increased 2.5-4-fold in transgenic kale, and reactive oxygen species production was more active than in the wild-type. They also exhibited increased tolerance to salt stress in seed germination. H2O2 may also be involved in the regulation of BoRACK1 during seed germination under salt stress. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of BoRbohs genes were significantly higher in overexpression of BoRACK1 transgenic lines. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that BoRACK1 could interact with WNK8, eIF6, RAR1, and SGT1. This study and previous work lead us to believe that BoRACK1 may form a complex with regulators of plant salt and disease resistance to coordinate kale reactions to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hong Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fu-Jia Shen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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Parreira J, Bouraada J, Fitzpatrick M, Silvestre S, Bernardes da Silva A, Marques da Silva J, Almeida A, Fevereiro P, Altelaar A, Araújo S. Differential proteomics reveals the hallmarks of seed development in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Proteomics 2016; 143:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Urano D, Czarnecki O, Wang X, Jones AM, Chen JG. Arabidopsis receptor of activated C kinase1 phosphorylation by WITH NO LYSINE8 KINASE. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:507-16. [PMID: 25489024 PMCID: PMC4326752 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Receptor of activated C kinase1 (RACK1) is a versatile scaffold protein that binds to numerous proteins to regulate diverse cellular pathways in mammals. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), RACK1 has been shown to regulate plant hormone signaling, stress responses, and multiple processes of growth and development. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying these regulations. Here, we show that an atypical serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinase, WITH NO LYSINE8 (WNK8), phosphorylates RACK1. WNK8 physically interacted with and phosphorylated RACK1 proteins at two residues: Ser-122 and Thr-162. Genetic epistasis analysis of rack1 wnk8 double mutants indicated that RACK1 acts downstream of WNK8 in the glucose responsiveness and flowering pathways. The phosphorylation-dead form, RACK1A(S122A/T162A), but not the phosphomimetic form, RACK1A(S122D/T162E), rescued the rack1a null mutant, implying that phosphorylation at Ser-122 and Thr-162 negatively regulates RACK1A function. The transcript of RACK1A(S122D/T162E) accumulated at similar levels as those of RACK1(S122A/T162A). However, although the steady-state level of the RACK1A(S122A/T162A) protein was similar to wild-type RACK1A protein, the RACK1A(S122D/T162E) protein was nearly undetectable, suggesting that phosphorylation affects the stability of RACK1A proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that RACK1 is phosphorylated by WNK8 and that phosphorylation negatively regulates RACK1 function by influencing its protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urano
- Departments of Biology (D.U., A.M.J.) andPharmacology (A.M.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (O.C., X.W., J.-G.C.); andKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China (X.W.)
| | - Olaf Czarnecki
- Departments of Biology (D.U., A.M.J.) andPharmacology (A.M.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (O.C., X.W., J.-G.C.); andKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Departments of Biology (D.U., A.M.J.) andPharmacology (A.M.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (O.C., X.W., J.-G.C.); andKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China (X.W.)
| | - Alan M Jones
- Departments of Biology (D.U., A.M.J.) andPharmacology (A.M.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (O.C., X.W., J.-G.C.); andKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China (X.W.)
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Departments of Biology (D.U., A.M.J.) andPharmacology (A.M.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (O.C., X.W., J.-G.C.); andKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China (X.W.)
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Islas-Flores T, Rahman A, Ullah H, Villanueva MA. The Receptor for Activated C Kinase in Plant Signaling: Tale of a Promiscuous Little Molecule. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1090. [PMID: 26697044 PMCID: PMC4672068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two decades after the first report of the plant homolog of the Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) in cultured tobacco BY2 cells, a significant advancement has been made in the elucidation of its cellular and molecular role. The protein is now implicated in many biological functions including protein translation, multiple hormonal responses, developmental processes, pathogen infection resistance, environmental stress responses, and miRNA production. Such multiple functional roles are consistent with the scaffolding nature of the plant RACK1 protein. A significant advance was achieved when the β-propeller structure of the Arabidopsis RACK1A isoform was elucidated, thus revealing that its conserved seven WD repeats also assembled into this typical topology. From its crystal structure, it became apparent that it shares the structural platform for the interaction with ligands identified in other systems such as mammals. Although RACK1 proteins maintain conserved Protein Kinase C binding sites, the lack of a bona fide PKC adds complexity and enigma to the nature of the ligand partners with which RACK1 interacts in plants. Nevertheless, ligands recently identified using the split-ubiquitin based and conventional yeast two-hybrid assays, have revealed that plant RACK1 is involved in several processes that include defense response, drought and salt stress, ribosomal function, cell wall biogenesis, and photosynthesis. The information acquired indicates that, in spite of the high degree of conservation of its structure, the functions of the plant RACK1 homolog appear to be distinct and diverse from those in yeast, mammals, insects, etc. In this review, we take a critical look at the novel information regarding the many functions in which plant RACK1 has been reported to participate, with a special emphasis on the information on its currently identified and missing ligand partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Islas-Flores
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoPuerto Morelos, México
| | | | - Hemayet Ullah
- Department of Biology, Howard UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Marco A. Villanueva
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoPuerto Morelos, México
- *Correspondence: Marco A. Villanueva
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OsRACK1 is involved in abscisic acid- and H2O2-mediated signaling to regulate seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa, L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e97120. [PMID: 24865690 PMCID: PMC4035261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is one member of the most important WD repeat–containing family of proteins found in all eukaryotes and is involved in multiple signaling pathways. However, compared with the progress in the area of mammalian RACK1, our understanding of the functions and molecular mechanisms of RACK1 in the regulation of plant growth and development is still in its infancy. In the present study, we investigated the roles of rice RACK1A gene (OsRACK1A) in controlling seed germination and its molecular mechanisms by generating a series of transgenic rice lines, of which OsRACK1A was either over-expressed or under-expressed. Our results showed that OsRACK1A positively regulated seed germination and negatively regulated the responses of seed germination to both exogenous ABA and H2O2. Inhibition of ABA biosynthesis had no enhancing effect on germination, whereas inhibition of ABA catabolism significantly suppressed germination. ABA inhibition on seed germination was almost fully recovered by exogenous H2O2 treatment. Quantitative analyses showed that endogenous ABA levels were significantly higher and H2O2 levels significantly lower in OsRACK1A-down regulated transgenic lines as compared with those in wildtype or OsRACK1A-up regulated lines. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of OsRbohs and amylase genes, RAmy1A and RAmy3D, were significantly lower in OsRACK1A-down regulated transgenic lines. It is concluded that OsRACK1A positively regulates seed germination by controlling endogenous levels of ABA and H2O2 and their interaction.
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Speth C, Laubinger S. RACK1 and the microRNA pathway: is it déjà-vu all over again? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27909. [PMID: 24521556 PMCID: PMC4091593 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control many aspects of development and adaption in plants and in animals by post-transcriptional control of mRNA stability and translatability. Over the last years numerous proteins have been identified in the miRNA pathway. The versatile scaffold protein RACK1 has been associated with efficient miRNA production and function in plants and metazoans. Here, we briefly summarize the differences of RACK1 function in the plant and animal miRNA pathways and discuss putative mechanisms and functional roles of RACK1 in miRNA biogenesis and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Speth
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre (CGC) of the Max Planck Society; Dortmund, Germany, & MPI for Developmental Biology; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Laubinger
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP); University of Tübingen; Tübingen, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre (CGC) of the Max Planck Society; Dortmund, Germany, & MPI for Developmental Biology; Tübingen, Germany
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Komatsu S, Hiraga S, Nouri MZ. Analysis of flooding-responsive proteins localized in the nucleus of soybean root tips. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1127-39. [PMID: 24385303 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flooding stress has negative impact on soybean cultivation as it severely impairs plant growth and development. To examine whether nuclear function is affected in soybean under flooding stress, abundance of nuclear proteins and their mRNA expression were analyzed. Two-day-old soybean seedlings were treated with flooding for 2 days, and nuclear proteins were purified from root tips. Gel-free proteomics analysis identified a total of 39 flooding-responsive proteins, of which abundance of 8 and 31 was increased and decreased, respectively, in soybean root tips. Among these differentially regulated proteins, the mRNA expression levels of five nuclear-localized proteins were further analyzed. The mRNA levels of four proteins, which are splicing factor PWI domain-containing protein, epsilon2-COP, beta-catenin, and clathrin heavy chain decreased under flooding stress, were also down-regulated. In addition, mRNA level of a receptor for activated protein kinase C1(RACK1) was down-regulated, though its protein was accumulated in the soybean nucleus in response to flooding stress. These results suggest that several nuclear-related proteins are decreased at both the protein and mRNA level in the root tips of soybean under flooding stress. Furthermore, RACK1 might have an important role with accumulation in the soybean nucleus under flooding-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan,
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