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Araújo MM, Botelho PB. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935830. [PMID: 36570175 PMCID: PMC9773270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
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Xia P, Liu X, Hou T, Zhan F, Geng F, Zhang Z, Li B. Evaluation of the effect of prebiotic sesame candies on loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:5690-5700. [PMID: 35510626 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract symptoms. In this study, prebiotic sesame sugar (PSC) was prepared from isomalto-oligosaccharide, konjac glucomannan and sesame, and the relieving effect of PSC on constipation induced by loperamide was explored. The results showed that PSC treatment profoundly improved the defecation function and boosted intestinal motility. Moreover, PSC repaired gastrointestinal tissue injury and inflammation induced by constipation, which confirmed the effectiveness of PSC intervention in the treatment of constipation. The mechanism of PSC improving constipation might be that PSC improved the imbalance of gastrointestinal neurotransmitters and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces. In conclusion, PSC dietotherapy could effectively alleviate the symptoms and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of an anti-constipation diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Sanquan, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Wen P, Chen Y, Ouyang D, Wang D, Zhang B, Deng J, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang H. The Anti-Constipation Effects of Raffino-Oligosaccharide on Gut Function in Mice Using Neurotransmitter Analyses, 16S rRNA Sequencing and Targeted Screening. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072235. [PMID: 35408632 PMCID: PMC9000249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Raffino-oligosaccharide (ROS), the smallest oligosaccharide of the raffinose family, is a novel food ingredient. However, the anti-constipation effects of ROS remain obscure. This study investigates the anti-constipation effects of ROS based on the loperamide-induced mice model and reveals the underlying mechanism using constipation parameters, neurotransmitter level, 16S rRNA sequencing, and the targeted screening strategy. The prevention effects were firstly investigated by the gastro-intestinal transit rate experiment (50 mice) and defecation status experiment (50 mice), which were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): blank, model, and low-, medium- and high-dose ROS. Furthermore, the slow-transit constipation experiment (blank, model, and high-dose ROS, n = 10/group) was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that ROS aided in preventing the occurrence of constipation by improving the gastro-intestinal transit rate and the defecation frequency in mice, and ROS significantly reduced the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In addition, ROS regulated the diversity and structure of intestinal flora. Among them, one specific family and six specific genera were significantly regulated in constipated mice. The targeted screening revealed that 29 targets related to the anti-constipation effects of ROS, indicating ROS may play a role by regulating multiple targets. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis showed that Akt1, Stat3, Mapk8, Hsp90aa1, Cat, Alb, Icam1, Sod2, and Gsk3b can be regarded as the core anti-constipation targets. In conclusion, ROS could effectively relieve constipation, possibly by inhibiting the level of neurotransmitters and regulating the gut flora in mice. This study also provides a novel network pharmacology-based targeted screening strategy to reveal the anti-constipation effects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511400, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peng Wen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongmei Ouyang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511400, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanming Sun
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.W.)
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Lan J, Wang K, Chen G, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide on diphenoxylate-induced constipation, gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and the intestinal flora in rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:9216-9225. [PMID: 33030479 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotics inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) influence intestinal health and immunity, but their effects on constipation are not clearly established. We evaluated the effects of INU and IMO in a rat model of diphenoxylate-induced constipation. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: basal diet (Con), 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate (PCon), 20 g kg-1 INU and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate, and 20 g kg-1 IMO and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate. INU and IMO increased the number, weight, and water content of fecal pellets, and decreased the time to the first black stool in rats with constipation. Serum levels of the gastrointestinal motility-related hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), motilin (MTL), and Substance P (SP) were higher and corticosterone (CORT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were lower in rats treated with prebiotics than in untreated rats. Colon tissue levels of MTL and SP were increased, and VIP and CGRP were decreased by prebiotics. Furthermore, in rats with constipation, INU and IMO increased the colonic contents of short-chain fatty acids. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the prebiotics groups than in the Con and PCon groups. Lactobacillus was more abundant in the INU and IMO groups than in PCon rats. Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis were more abundant in the IMO group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01), and L. intestinalis was more abundant in the INU group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01). In summary, INU and IMO improved constipation and altered the intestinal microbiota in a rat model of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Khandker SS, Kabir A, Hasan MJ, Ahmed MS, Gan SH, Khalil MI, Islam MA, Hossan T, Kamal MA. Elachi Lemon (Citrus limon) Peel and Pulp: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticoagulant Activities, Bioactive Compounds, Minerals, and Heavy Metals. CURRENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215999201005164239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
According to a number of previous studies, citrus fruits are rich in phytochemicals,
minerals and bioactive compounds.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticoagulant
activities, phytonutrients, bioactive compounds, mineral and heavy metals in the peel and pulp of
Elachi lemon (Citrus limon).
Methods:
Phytochemical screening was performed to estimate the total polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin,
reducing sugar, total protein and vitamin C contents. High performance liquid chromatography
was performed to determine the concentrations of phenolics and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activities
were evaluated by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity,
reducing power assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antibacterial activity
was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Besides estimating heavy metals and minerals, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and
prothrombin time (PT) were observed for detecting anticoagulant activity.
Results:
In the case of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, the pulp was found to be richer.
Both the peel and pulp showed similar anticoagulant activities. Among the phytonutrients, protein
content was richer in the peel than in the pulp. Catechin, rutin, tannic, gallic and vanillic acids were
detected in the peel, whereas in pulp quercetin, tannic and gallic acids were found. Pb, Cr, Cd were
present in a negligible amount whereas, Co, Cu and Fe were high in both the peel and the pulp.
Conclusion:
This study exhibits that both the peel and the pulp of Citrus limon are a rich source of
antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, minerals and various bioactive compounds with nutritional
values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Saif Khandker
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Alamgir Kabir
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jahid Hasan
- Cell Genetics and Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shohael Ahmed
- Cell Genetics and Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tareq Hossan
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Amylase-Producing Maltooligosaccharide Provides Potential Relief in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5470268. [PMID: 32908561 PMCID: PMC7474349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5470268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is a chronic disease caused by infrequent, inadequate, and difficult bowel movements. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential laxative effect of maltooligosaccharide (MOS) on loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of MOS on the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Moreover, to examine the effect of MOS administration on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide-induced constipation, the drinking water for the rats was supplemented with 10% or 15% of MOS for 14 days, and, thereafter, the improvement in constipation was assessed. For this, the rats were divided into five groups: normal (Nor), loperamide-induced constipated (Con), positive control (15% of dual-oligosaccharide (DuO-15)), 10% MOS treated (MOS-10), and 15% MOS-treated (MOS-15). In an in vitro test, MOS treatment promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria except Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Treatment with higher MOS dose relieved constipation in rats by improving the fecal pellet and water content. Furthermore, in the high MOS dose group, the cecal short-chain fatty acid levels significantly increased compared to those in the control group (P < 0.001). MOS treatment also improved the mucosal thickness as well as mucin secretion and increased the area of intestinal Cajal cells compared to that in the control group (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that MOS relieves constipation and has beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and, therefore, it can be used as an ingredient in functional foods for treating constipation or improving intestinal health.
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Liu X, Chen S, Yan Q, Li Y, Jiang Z. Effect of Konjac mannan oligosaccharides on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Lee CS, Tan PL, Eor JY, Choi DH, Park M, Seo SK, Yoon S, Yang S, Kim SH. Prophylactic use of probiotic chocolate modulates intestinal physiological functions in constipated rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3045-3056. [PMID: 30488458 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the in vivo prophylactic effect of probiotic chocolate on constipation. Rats were administered chocolate containing 2.5 × 1010 CFU g-1 of probiotics daily for 4 weeks and treated with loperamide (5 mg kg-1 ) daily at the fourth week of treatment. RESULTS Probiotic chocolate treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the intestinal motility, colon length, fecal moisture content and number of excreted fecal pellets in constipated rats. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data and histological images also revealed that both probiotic chocolate LYC and BB12 treatments were capable of upregulating the mRNA expression levels of colonic ZO-1, occludin and AQP8, leading to the maintenance of the defensive barrier function in the constipated rats compared with the negative controls. Interestingly, these treatments also modulated gut bacterial populations by increasing the abundance levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, as well as reducing the abundance level of Enterobacteriaceae. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that probiotic chocolate LYC and BB12 could potentially be used as alternative agents for prophylactic constipation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pei Lei Tan
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Miri Park
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Laxative effect of probiotic chocolate on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1173-1182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Deng Y, Li M, Mei L, Cong LM, Liu Y, Zhang BB, He CY, Zheng PY, Yuan JL. Manipulation of intestinal dysbiosis by a bacterial mixture ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:453-464. [PMID: 29633634 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Constipation has a significant influence on quality of life. Patients with constipation have slow waves in their gastrointestinal smooth muscles and less faecal water contents, which are closely associated with down-regulation of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastrointestinal muscles and the aquaporin protein AQP3 expressed in colon epithelial cells. Recent studies supported that patients with constipation have altered intestinal microbial structures compared with healthy controls. Intestinal dysbiosis might be one possible pathophysiological mechanism causing constipation. Bacterial strains, such as Lactobacillus spp., have shown many beneficial effects on the amelioration of constipation. However, few studies reported the structural changes of intestinal microbiota post-intervention of probiotics. In this study, a bacterial mixture was administrated to rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Effects of the bacterial mixture on small intestine transit (SIT), faecal water content, and the intestinal microbiome in rats were evaluated. Meanwhile, we investigated several factors involved in signalling pathways that regulate function of ICC and expression of AQP3 to discuss the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Intervention of the bacterial mixture improved SIT and faecal water content in constipated rats. The up-regulation of C-kit/SP signalling pathways in ICC and AQP3 significantly contributed to improvements. These changes were closely associated with the manipulation of intestinal dysbiosis in constipated rats. Furthermore, our results revealed the important role of intestinal microbiota in affecting gut motility through regulation of serotonin biosynthesis. This monoamine neurotransmitter, secreted from enterochromaffin cells, up-regulated both substance P/neurokinin 1 receptors pathway of ICC and the expression of AQP3 in intestinal epithelial cells. Our study suggested that the disrupted microbiome in patients could be a potential therapeutic target for the improvement of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- 1 Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
| | - M Li
- 1 Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
| | - L Mei
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China P.R
| | - L M Cong
- 1 Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
| | - Y Liu
- 1 Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
| | - B B Zhang
- 3 Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
| | - C Y He
- 1 Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
| | - P Y Zheng
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China P.R
| | - J L Yuan
- 1 Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China P.R
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Complex-oligosaccharide composed of galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:781-788. [PMID: 30263804 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactulose, and a complex-oligosaccharide composed with GOS and lactulose (Com-oligo) on loperamide-induced constipation in SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into the following eight groups: the normal group (Nor); constipation control group (Con); and 6 constipation groups fed low and high doses of GOS, lactulose (Lac), and Com-oligo, respectively. Com-oligo increased intestinal transit ratio and relieved constipation in loperamide-treated rats. The group receiving a high dose of Com-oligo favorably regulated gastrointestinal functions such as pellet number, weight, moisture content, short chain fatty acid, intestinal transit ratio, and bifidobacterium number in constipated rats. In addition, Com-oligo restored peristalsis of the small intestine, morphology of colon, and increased interstitial cells of Cajal area. Thus, providing Com-oligo as an oligosaccharide ingredient in nutritional formulas could benefit the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
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