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Fraiture MA, Coucke W, Pol M, Rousset D, Gourinat AC, Biron A, Broeders S, Vandermassen E, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Roosens NHC. Non-Invasive versus Invasive Samples for Zika Virus Surveillance: A Comparative Study in New Caledonia and French Guiana in 2015-2016. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061312. [PMID: 34208593 PMCID: PMC8235784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus, an arbovirus responsible for major outbreaks, can cause serious health issues, such as neurological diseases. In the present study, different types of samples (serum, saliva, and urine), collected in 2015–2016 in New Caledonia and French Guiana from 53 patients presenting symptoms and clinical signs triggered by arbovirus infections, were analyzed using a recently developed, and in-house validated, 4-plex RT-qPCR TaqMan method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of the Zika and Chikungunya viruses. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed in order to potentially establish recommendations regarding the choice of samples type to use for an efficient and early stage Zika infection diagnosis. On this basis, the use of only urine samples presented the highest probability to detect viral RNA from Zika virus. Moreover, such a probability was improved using both urine and saliva samples. Consequently, the added value of non-invasive samples, associated with a higher acceptance level for collection among patients, instead of serum samples, for the detection of Zika infections was illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Alice Fraiture
- Transversal & Applied Genomics (TAG), Sciensano, rue Juliette Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.-A.F.); (S.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Wim Coucke
- Quality of Laboratories, Sciensano, rue Juliette Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Morgane Pol
- URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, 11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61, CEDEX, 98845 Noumea, New Caledonia; (M.P.); (A.-C.G.); (A.B.); (M.D.-R.)
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Laboratoire de Virologie CNR Arbovirus, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, CEDEX, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana;
| | - Ann-Claire Gourinat
- URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, 11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61, CEDEX, 98845 Noumea, New Caledonia; (M.P.); (A.-C.G.); (A.B.); (M.D.-R.)
| | - Antoine Biron
- URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, 11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61, CEDEX, 98845 Noumea, New Caledonia; (M.P.); (A.-C.G.); (A.B.); (M.D.-R.)
| | - Sylvia Broeders
- Transversal & Applied Genomics (TAG), Sciensano, rue Juliette Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.-A.F.); (S.B.); (E.V.)
- Quality of Laboratories, Sciensano, rue Juliette Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Els Vandermassen
- Transversal & Applied Genomics (TAG), Sciensano, rue Juliette Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.-A.F.); (S.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, 11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61, CEDEX, 98845 Noumea, New Caledonia; (M.P.); (A.-C.G.); (A.B.); (M.D.-R.)
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal & Applied Genomics (TAG), Sciensano, rue Juliette Wytsman 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.-A.F.); (S.B.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)-2-642-52-58
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emergent worldwide public health problem. Historically, 84 countries have reported vector-borne ZIKV transmission, 61 of which report on-going transmission. It is a Flavivirus transmitted through arthropods belonging to the Aedes genus. Since 2015, ZIKV infections have increased dramatically; with 1.3 million people infected during 2015 in Brazil alone. This paper's objective is to highlight the conjectural epidemiological points of the virus' dissemination. The digital archives Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for papers that assessed aspects of ZIKV transmission and epidemiology. The first isolation occurred in Uganda in 1947. Since then, important outbreaks were documented globally. Consequently, an emergent public health problem arose from a rapidly increasing incidence and its association with the development of neurological diseases such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Key factors in the successful containment of outbreaks include surveillance of mosquitos in the neighbourhood, an early mosquito control treatment, an assertive information campaign, and the involvement of the local population and healthcare workers. As such, while ZIKV seems to be spreading globally in a similar manner to other arboviruses, such as Dengue and Chikungunya viruses, it can also be rapidly contained due to the pre-existing availability of necessary resources and regulatory tools as control measures. This review aims to provide a description of those characteristics of ZIKV infection that may be useful in the construction of effective outbreak control strategies.
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