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Hu Y, Dong X, Zhang T, Ma H, Yang W, Wang Y, Liu P, Chen Y. Kai‑Xin‑San suppresses matrix metalloproteinases and myocardial apoptosis in rats with myocardial infarction and depression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:508-516. [PMID: 31746394 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is often triggered by prolonged exposure to psychosocial stressors and associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of various emotional and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Kai‑Xin‑San (KXS), which may terminate the signaling of MMPs, exerts antidepressant‑like and cardioprotective effects in a myocardial infarction (MI) plus depression rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups: A normal control (control group), a celisc‑injection of isopropyl adrenaline group (ISO group), depression (depression group), an ISO + depression (depression + ISO group), and an ISO + depression group treated with intragastric administration of 1,785 mg/kg KXS (KXS group). Behavioral changes, echocardiography, biochemical index, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and apoptosis‑related proteins were assessed. Compared with the depression + ISO group, KXS significantly improved stress‑induced alterations of behavioral parameters and protected the heart by enlarging the left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) and LV ejection fraction (EF). Moreover, KXS significantly attenuated ISO + depression‑induced MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 expression at the mRNA and protein level and decreased TIMP in the heart compared to the complex model group. Myocardial apoptosis was significantly attenuated by KXS by regulating the Bcl‑2/Bax axis. These results indicated that MI comorbid with depression may damage the MMP balance in the central and peripheral system, and KXS may have a direct anti‑depressive and cardio‑protective effect by regulating the level of MMPs and associated myocardial apoptosis. It is promising to further explore the clinical potential of KXS for the therapy or prevention of MI plus depression comorbidity disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy Care Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy Care Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy Care Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wenshan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy Care Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy Care Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy Care Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yibang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and System Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Hitomi S, Ono K, Terawaki K, Matsumoto C, Mizuno K, Yamaguchi K, Imai R, Omiya Y, Hattori T, Kase Y, Inenaga K. [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, active ingredients of the traditional Japanese medicine hangeshashinto, relief oral ulcerative mucositis-induced pain via action on Na + channels. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:288-302. [PMID: 28043879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Japanese herbal medicine hangeshashinto (HST) has beneficial effects for the treatment of oral ulcerative mucositis (OUM) in cancer patients. However, the ingredient-based mechanism that underlies its pain-relieving activity remains unknown. In the present study, to clarify the analgesic mechanism of HST on OUM-induced pain, we investigated putative HST ingredients showing antagonistic effects on Na+ channels in vitro and in vivo. A screen of 21 major ingredients using automated patch-clamp recordings in channel-expressing cells showed that [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, two components of a Processed Ginger extract, considerably inhibited voltage-activated Na+ currents. These two ingredients inhibited the stimulant-induced release of substance P and action potential generation in cultured rat sensory neurons. A submucosal injection of a mixture of [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold in healthy rats. In a rat OUM model, OUM-induced mechanical pain was alleviated 30min after the swab application of HST despite the absence of anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory actions in the OUM area. A swab application of a mixture of [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol induced sufficient analgesia of OUM-induced mechanical or spontaneous pain when co-applied with a Ginseng extract containing abundant saponin. The Ginseng extract demonstrated an acceleration of substance permeability into the oral ulcer tissue without an analgesic effect. These findings suggest that Na+ channel blockage by gingerol/shogaol plays an essential role in HST-associated analgesia of OUM-induced pain. This pharmacological mechanism provides scientific evidence supporting the use of this herbal medicine in patients suffering from OUM-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuro Hitomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Terawaki
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Chinami Matsumoto
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Keita Mizuno
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ryota Imai
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hattori
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kase
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Inenaga
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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