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Luong TTH, Poeaim S, Tangthirasunun N. Isolation and Characterization of Xylanase from a Novel Strain, Penicillium menonorum SP10. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:239-245. [PMID: 37711985 PMCID: PMC10498789 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2247221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Xylanase has been applied in various sectors, such as biomass conversion, paper, pulp, textiles, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and screen potential xylanase-producing fungi from the soil of Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. Fifteen fungi were isolated, and their xylanase activities were tested by the qualitative method. The result showed that isolate SP3, SP10 and SP15 gave high xylanase activity with potency index (PI) of 2.32, 2.01 and 1.82, respectively. These fungi were selected for the xylanase quantitative test, isolate SP10 performed the highest xylanase activity with 0.535 U/mL. Through molecular methods using the β-tubulin gene, isolate SP10 was identified as Penicillium menonorum. The xylanase characteristics from P. menonorum SP10 were determined, including the xylanase isoforms and the optimum pH and temperature. The xylanase isoforms on SDS-PAGE indicated that P. menonorum SP10 produced two xylanases (45 and 54 kDa). Moreover, its xylanase worked optimally at pH 6 and 55 °C while reaching 61% activity at 65 °C. These results proposed P. menonorum SP10 as a good candidate for industrial uses, especially in poultry feed and pulp industries, to improve yield and economic efficiency under slightly acidic and high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Luong
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supattra Poeaim
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Tangthirasunun
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
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Hirpara DG, Gajera HP, Savaliya DD, Bhadani RV. Characterization and bioefficacy of green nanosilver particles derived from fungicide-tolerant Tricho-fusant for efficient biocontrol of stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). J Microbiol 2021; 59:1031-1043. [PMID: 34613606 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and eco-friendly bioefficacy of potent Tricho-fusant (Fu21) and its green nanosilver formulation against stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) in groundnut was established. Fu21 demonstrated higher in-vitro growth inhibition of pathogen with better fungicide tolerance than the parental strains. The green nanosilver particles were synthesized from the extracellular metabolites of Fu21 and characterized for shape (spherical, 59.34 nm in scanning electron microscope), purity (3.00 KeV, energy dispersive X-ray analysis), size (54.3 nm in particle size analyzer), and stability (53.7 mv, zeta). The field efficacy study exhibited that the seedling emergence was high in seeds treated with green nanosilver (minimum inhibitory concentration-[MIC] 20 µg Ag/ml), and a low disease severity index of stem rot during the crop growth was followed by the live antagonist (Fu21) in addition to seed treatment with a fungicide mix under pathogen infestation. The seed quality analysis of harvested pods revealed a high oil content with balanced fatty acid composition (3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in green nanosilver treatment under pathogen infestation. The residual analysis suggested that green nanosilver applied at the MIC level as seed treatment yielded similar effects as the control for silver residue in the harvested groundnut seeds. The green nanosilver at MIC has a high pod-yield under S. rolfsii infestation, demonstrating green chemistry and sustainability of the nanoproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshna G Hirpara
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362 001, India
| | - Harsukh P Gajera
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362 001, India.
| | - Disha D Savaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362 001, India
| | - Rushita V Bhadani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362 001, India
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Daou M, Bisotto A, Haon M, Oliveira Correia L, Cottyn B, Drula E, Garajová S, Bertrand E, Record E, Navarro D, Raouche S, Baumberger S, Faulds CB. A Putative Lignin Copper Oxidase from Trichoderma reesei. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080643. [PMID: 34436182 PMCID: PMC8400822 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Trichoderma reesei, a fungus widely used for the commercial production of hemicellulases and cellulases, to grow and modify technical soda lignin was investigated. By quantifying fungal genomic DNA, T. reesei showed growth and sporulation in solid and liquid cultures containing lignin alone. The analysis of released soluble lignin and residual insoluble lignin was indicative of enzymatic oxidative conversion of phenolic lignin side chains and the modification of lignin structure by cleaving the β-O-4 linkages. The results also showed that polymerization reactions were taking place. A proteomic analysis conducted to investigate secreted proteins at days 3, 7, and 14 of growth revealed the presence of five auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes in the secretome: AA6, AA9, two AA3 enzymes), and the only copper radical oxidase encoded in the genome of T. reesei. This enzyme was heterologously produced and characterized, and its activity on lignin-derived molecules was investigated. Phylogenetic characterization demonstrated that this enzyme belonged to the AA5_1 family, which includes characterized glyoxal oxidases. However, the enzyme displayed overlapping physicochemical and catalytic properties across the AA5 family. The enzyme was remarkably stable at high pH and oxidized both, alcohols and aldehydes with preference to the alcohol group. It was also active on lignin-derived phenolic molecules as well as simple carbohydrates. HPSEC and LC-MS analyses on the reactions of the produced protein on lignin dimers (SS ββ, SS βO4 and GG β5) uncovered the polymerizing activity of this enzyme, which was accordingly named lignin copper oxidase (TrLOx). Polymers of up 10 units were formed by hydroxy group oxidation and radical formation. The activations of lignin molecules by TrLOx along with the co-secretion of this enzyme with reductases and FAD flavoproteins oxidoreductases during growth on lignin suggest a synergistic mechanism for lignin breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Daou
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Mireille Haon
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lydie Oliveira Correia
- PAPPSO Platform, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Elodie Drula
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Soňa Garajová
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Eric Record
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - David Navarro
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- CIRM-CF BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sana Raouche
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Papzan Z, Kowsari M, Javan-Nikkhah M, Gohari AM, Limón MC. Strain improvement of Trichoderma spp. through two-step protoplast fusion for cellulase production enhancement. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:406-414. [PMID: 33226848 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fungal protoplast fusion is an approach to introduce novel characteristics into industrially important strains. Cellulases, essential enzymes with a wide range of biotechnological applications, are produced by many species of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma. In this study, a collection of 60 natural isolates were screened for Avicel and carboxymethyl cellulose degradation, and two cellulase producers of Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were used for protoplast fusion. One of the resulting hybrids with improved cellulase activity, C1-3, was fused with the hyperproducer Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30. A new selected hybrid, F7, was increased in cellulase activity 1.8 and 5 times in comparison with Rut-C30 and C1-3, respectively. The increases in enzyme activity correlated with an upregulation of the cellulolytic genes cbh1, cbh2, egl3, and bgl1 in the parents. The amount of mRNA of cbh1 and cbh2 in F7 resembled that of Rut-C30 while the bgl1 mRNA level was similar to that of C1-3. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting and GC-MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrometry) analysis represented variations in parental strains and fusants. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that a 3-interspecific hybrid strain was isolated, with improved characteristics for cellulase degradation and showing genetic polymorphisms and differences in the volatile profile, suggesting reorganizations at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Papzan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Mojegan Kowsari
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, P.O. Box 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Mirzadi Gohari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
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5
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Amadi OC, Egong EJ, Nwagu TN, Okpala G, Onwosi CO, Chukwu GC, Okolo BN, Agu RC, Moneke AN. Process optimization for simultaneous production of cellulase, xylanase and ligninase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCPW 17 under solid state fermentation using Box-Behnken experimental design. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04566. [PMID: 32775729 PMCID: PMC7394870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multienzyme complex has attracted increased attention in biofuel technology. They offer solutions to effective degradation of complex plant material into fermentable sugars. Microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi, are well studied for their ability to produce enzymes complex unlike yeast. Yeast strain isolated from mushroom farm was studied for simultaneous production of cellulase, xylanase and ligninase enzymes using lignocellulose waste as substrates. A response surface methodology (RSM) involving Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate interaction between variables (moisture content, inoculum size, initial pH, incubation time) that affect enzyme production. Crude filtrate was partially purified and characterised. Yeast strain identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCPW 17 was finally studied. Evaluation of lignocellulose waste for enzyme complex production revealed corn cob to be most effective substrate for cellulase, xylanase and ligninase production with enzyme activity of 17.63 ± 1.45 U/gds, 29.35 ± 1.67 U/gds and 150.75 ± 2.01 μmol/min respectively. Time course study showed maximum enzyme complex production was obtained by day 6 with cellulase activity of 12.5 U/gds, xylanase 48.3 U/gds and ligninase 90.8 μmol/min. Using RSM involving BBD, maximum enzyme activity was found to be 19.51 ± 0.32 U/gds, 56.86 ± 0.38 U/gds, 408.17 ± 1.04 μmol/min for cellulaase, xylanase and ligninase respectively. The developed models were highly significant at probability level of P = 0.0001 and multiple correlation co-efficient (R2) was 0.9563 for cellulase, 0.9532 for xylanase and 0.9780 for ligninase. Enzyme complex was stable at varying pH and temperature conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SCPW 17) studied produced enzyme complex which can be used for bioconversion of biomass to value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyetugo C Amadi
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Egong J Egong
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu N Nwagu
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Gloria Okpala
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Greg C Chukwu
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew N Okolo
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Reginald C Agu
- Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anene N Moneke
- Bioprocess and Fermentation Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Brewing Science and Technology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Patyshakuliyeva A, Falkoski DL, Wiebenga A, Timmermans K, de Vries RP. Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers. Microorganisms 2019; 8:E52. [PMID: 31888103 PMCID: PMC7023191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi associated with macroalgae are an ecologically important group that have a strong potential for industrial applications. In this study, twenty-two marine fungi isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus sp. were examined for their abilities to produce algal and plant biomass degrading enzymes. Growth of these isolates on brown and green algal biomass revealed a good growth, but no preference for any specific algae. Based on the analysis of enzymatic activities, macroalgae derived fungi were able to produce algae specific and (hemi-)cellulose degrading enzymes both on algal and plant biomass. However, the production of algae specific activities was lower than the production of cellulases and xylanases. These data revealed the presence of different enzymatic approaches for the degradation of algal biomass by macroalgae derived fungi. In addition, the results of the present study indicate our poor understanding of the enzymes involved in algal biomass degradation and the mechanisms of algal carbon source utilization by marine derived fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Daniel L. Falkoski
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Ad Wiebenga
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Klaas Timmermans
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ′t Horntje, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
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Umadevi P, Anandaraj M, Srivastav V, Benjamin S. Trichoderma harzianum MTCC 5179 impacts the population and functional dynamics of microbial community in the rhizosphere of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:463-470. [PMID: 29229530 PMCID: PMC6066733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing Illumina Hiseq whole genome metagenome sequencing approach, we studied the impact of Trichoderma harzianum on altering the microbial community and its functional dynamics in the rhizhosphere soil of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The metagenomic datasets from the rhizosphere with (treatment) and without (control) T. harzianum inoculation were annotated using dual approach, i.e., stand alone and MG-RAST. The probiotic application of T. harzianum in the rhizhosphere soil of black pepper impacted the population dynamics of rhizosphere bacteria, archae, eukaryote as reflected through the selective recruitment of bacteria [Acidobacteriaceae bacterium (p=1.24e-12), Candidatus koribacter versatilis (p=2.66e-10)] and fungi [(Fusarium oxysporum (p=0.013), Talaromyces stipitatus (p=0.219) and Pestalotiopsis fici (p=0.443)] in terms of abundance in population and bacterial chemotaxis (p=0.012), iron metabolism (p=2.97e-5) with the reduction in abundance for pathogenicity islands (p=7.30e-3), phages and prophages (p=7.30e-3) with regard to functional abundance. Interestingly, it was found that the enriched functional metagenomic signatures on phytoremediation such as benzoate transport and degradation (p=2.34e-4), and degradation of heterocyclic aromatic compounds (p=3.59e-13) in the treatment influenced the rhizosphere micro ecosystem favoring growth and health of pepper plant. The population dynamics and functional richness of rhizosphere ecosystem in black pepper influenced by the treatment with T. harzianum provides the ecological importance of T. harzianum in the cultivation of black pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Umadevi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kerala, India; University of Calicut, Department of Botan, Biotechnology Division, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Sailas Benjamin
- University of Calicut, Department of Botan, Biotechnology Division, Kerala, India
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Hirpara DG, Gajera H, Hirapara JG, Golakiya B. Inhibition coefficient and molecular diversity of multi stress tolerant Trichoderma as potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Repas TS, Gillis DM, Boubakir Z, Bao X, Samuels GJ, Kaminskyj SGW. Growing plants on oily, nutrient-poor soil using a native symbiotic fungus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186704. [PMID: 29049338 PMCID: PMC5648232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of land plants associate with microbes, including fungal symbionts that can confer abiotic stress tolerance. Bitumen extraction following oil-sand surface mining in the Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada removes plant nutrients but leaves a petrochemical residue, making the coarse tailings (CT) hostile to both plants and microbes. We isolated an endophyte strain of the Ascomycete Trichoderma harzianum we call TSTh20-1 (hereafter, TSTh) from a dandelion that was naturally growing on CT. TSTh colonization allowed tomato, wheat, and remediation seed mixtures to germinate and their seedlings to flourish on CT without the use of fertilizer. Compared to control plants, TSTh increased germination speed, percent germination, and biomass accumulation. TSTh also improved plant water use efficiency and drought recovery. TSTh-colonized plants secreted twice the level of peroxidase into CT as did plants alone. Over two months, plants colonized with TSTh doubled the petrochemical mobilization from CT over plants alone, suggesting a peroxide-mediated mechanism for petrochemical degradation. TSTh grew on autoclaved CT, bitumen, and other petrochemicals as sole carbon sources. Further, TSTh is a micro-aerobe that could metabolize 13C-phenanthrene to 13CO2 in 0.5% oxygen. TSTh has excellent potential for contributing to revegetating and remediating petrochemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. Repas
- Biology Dept, University of Saskatchewan, Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Roy Northern Environmental, Fort St John, BC, Canada
| | - D. Michael Gillis
- Biology Dept, University of Saskatchewan, Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zakia Boubakir
- Biology Dept, University of Saskatchewan, Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bao
- Biology Dept, University of Saskatchewan, Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gary J. Samuels
- USDA-ARS, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
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Production of ethanol from steam exploded triticale straw in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hirpara DG, Gajera HP, Hirpara HZ, Golakiya BA. Antipathy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.: Evaluation of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymatic Activities and Molecular Diversity Analysis of Antagonists. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:22-28. [PMID: 28081530 DOI: 10.1159/000452997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Trichoderma is a teleomorph of the Hypocrea genus and associated with biological control of plant diseases. The microscopic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of Trichoderma was carried out and evaluated for in vitro antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot disease in groundnut. In total, 11 isolates of Trichoderma were examined for antagonism at 6 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI). Out of 11, T. virens NBAII Tvs12 evidenced the highest (87.91%) growth inhibition of the test pathogen followed by T. koningii MTCC 796 (67.03%), T. viride NBAII Tv23 (63.74%), and T. harzianum NBAII Th1 (60.44%). Strong mycoparasitism was observed in the best antagonist Tvs12 strain during 6-12 DAI. The specific activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes - chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase - was positively correlated with growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In total, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms were reported to amplify 202 alleles across 11 Trichoderma isolates. The average polymorphism information content for SSR markers was found to be 0.80. The best antagonist Tvs 12 was identified with 7 unique SSR alleles amplified by 5 SSR markers. Clustering patterns of 11 Trichoderma strains showed the best antagonist T. virens NBAII Tvs 12 outgrouped with a minimum 3% similarity from the rest of Trichoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshna G Hirpara
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, India
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Lipsa R, Tudorachi N, Darie-Nita RN, Oprică L, Vasile C, Chiriac A. Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) and some of its based systems with Trichoderma viride. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:515-26. [PMID: 27064086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and some plasticized PLA based systems by Trichoderma viride fungus, in liquid medium and controlled laboratory conditions. The studied systems were achieved using PLA, hydrolyzed collagen (HC) as biological macromolecules and other additives by melt processing procedure. PLA and the systems' biodegradability was examined by the weight losses of the samples (after 7 and 21 days of exposure) and FTIR-ATR, GPC, SEM analyses (after 21 fungus inoculation days). The thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) study showed that the thermostability of the samples decreased after biodegradation and was influenced by the chemical structure of the systems' components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Lipsa
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Nita Tudorachi
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Romania.
| | | | - Lacramioara Oprică
- Biology Faculty, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11, Carol I Boulevard, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Romania
| | - Aurica Chiriac
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Romania
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Akilandeswari P, Pradeep BV. Exploration of industrially important pigments from soil fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1631-1643. [PMID: 26701360 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide interest of the current era is to increase tendency towards the use of natural substances instead of synthetic ones. So, alternative and effective environment friendly sustainable technologies are highly needed. Due to a broad range of biological activities, fungi are considered as a significant source of pigments. Among the fungal species in the soil, the genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, and Trichoderma are dominant. The pigments commonly produced by fungi belong to aromatic polyketide groups such as melanins, quinones, flavins, ankaflavin, anthraquinone, and naphthoquinone. The use of fungal pigments has benefits which comprise easy and fast growth in the cheap culture medium and different color shades being independent of weather conditions and would be useful in various industrial applications. In relation to the toxic effects of the synthetic dyes, the natural dyes are easily degradable since they cause no detrimental effects. Thus, the study of pigments produced by soil fungi has tremendous use in medical, textile coloring, food coloring, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Akilandeswari
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B V Pradeep
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ghorbani F, Karimi M, Biria D, Kariminia H, Jeihanipour A. Enhancement of fungal delignification of rice straw by Trichoderma viride sp. to improve its saccharification. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Characterization of cellulase secretion and Cre1-mediated carbon source repression in the potential lignocellulose-degrading strain Trichoderma asperellum T-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119237. [PMID: 25741694 PMCID: PMC4351060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma asperellum, a traditional bio-control species, was demonstrated to be an excellent candidate for lignocellulose degradation in this work. Comparing to the representatively industrial strain of Trichoderma reeseiQM6a, T. asperellum T-1 showed more robust growth, stronger spore production, faster secretion of lignocellulose-decomposing enzymes and better pH tolerance. The reducing sugar released by strain T-1 on the second day of fermentation was 87% higher than that of strain QM6a, although the maximum reducing sugar yield and the cellulase production persistence of the strain T-1 were lower. Our experiment found that the cellulase secretion was strongly inhibited by glucose, suggesting the existence of carbon source repression pathway in T. asperellum T-1. The inhibiting effect was enhanced with an increase in glucose concentration and was closely related to mycelium growth. SDS-PAGE and secondary mass-spectrum identification confirmed that the expression of endo-1,4-β-xylanase I in T. asperellum T-1 was down-regulated when glucose was added. The factor Cre1, which plays an important role in the down-regulation of the endo-1,4-β-xylanase I gene, was investigated by bioinformatics methods. The protein structure of Cre1, analyzed using multiple protein sequence alignment, indicates the existence of the Zn-fingers domain. Then, the binding sites of Cre1 on the endo-1,4-β-xylanase I gene promoter were further elucidated. This study is the first report about Cre1-mediated carbon repression in the bio-control strain T. asperellum T-1. All of the above results provided good references for better understanding T. asperellum T-1 and improving its application for lignocellulose degradation.
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Sajith S, Sreedevi S, Priji P, Unni KN, Benjamin S. Production and partial purification of cellulase from a novel fungus, Aspergillus flavus BS1. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rubeena M, Neethu K, Sajith S, Sreedevi S, Priji P, Unni KN, Josh MKS, Jisha VN, Pradeep S, Benjamin S. Lignocellulolytic activities of a novel strain of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.42030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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