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Perez FP, Morisaki J, Kanakri H, Rizkalla M. Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. NEUROLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL.) 2024; 3:1020. [PMID: 38699565 PMCID: PMC11064876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative dementia worldwide. AD is a multifactorial disease that causes a progressive decline in memory and function precipitated by toxic beta-amyloid (Aβ) proteins, a key player in AD pathology. In 2022, 6.5 million Americans lived with AD, costing the nation $321billion. The standard of care for AD treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs), NMDA receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, these methods are either: 1) ineffective in improving cognition, 2) unable to change disease progression, 3) limited in the number of therapeutic targets, 4) prone to cause severe side effects (brain swelling, microhemorrhages with mAb, and bradycardia and syncope with AchEIs), 5) unable to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier, and 6) lack of understanding of the aging process on the disease. mAbs are available to lower Aβ, but the difficulties of reducing the levels of the toxic Aβ proteins in the brain without triggering brain swelling or microhemorrhages associated with mAbs make the risk-benefit profile of mAbs unclear. A novel multitarget, effective, and safe non-invasive approach utilizing Repeated Electromagnetic Field Stimulation (REMFS) lowers Aβ levels in human neurons and memory areas, prevents neuronal death, stops disease progression, and improves memory without causing brain edema or bleeds in AD mice. This REMFS treatment has not been developed for humans because current EMF devices have poor penetration depth and inhomogeneous E-field distribution in the brain. Here, we discussed the biology of these effects in neurons and the design of optimal devices to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Perez
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jorge Morisaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haitham Kanakri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maher Rizkalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Perez FP, Bandeira JP, Perez Chumbiauca CN, Lahiri DK, Morisaki J, Rizkalla M. Multidimensional insights into the repeated electromagnetic field stimulation and biosystems interaction in aging and age-related diseases. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:39. [PMID: 35698225 PMCID: PMC9190166 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a multidimensional sequence of events that describe the electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation and biological system interaction. We describe this process from the quantum to the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We hypothesized that the sequence of events of these interactions starts with the oscillatory effect of the repeated electromagnetic stimulation (REMFS). These oscillations affect the interfacial water of an RNA causing changes at the quantum and molecular levels that release protons by quantum tunneling. Then protonation of RNA produces conformational changes that allow it to bind and activate Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1). Activated HSF1 binds to the DNA expressing chaperones that help regulate autophagy and degradation of abnormal proteins. This action helps to prevent and treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (PD) by increasing clearance of pathologic proteins. This framework is based on multiple mathematical models, computer simulations, biophysical experiments, and cellular and animal studies. Results of the literature review and our research point towards the capacity of REMFS to manipulate various networks altered in aging (Reale et al. PloS one 9, e104973, 2014), including delay of cellular senescence (Perez et al. 2008, Exp Gerontol 43, 307-316) and reduction in levels of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) (Perez et al. 2021, Sci Rep 11, 621). Results of these experiments using REMFS at low frequencies can be applied to the treatment of patients with age-related diseases. The use of EMF as a non-invasive therapeutic modality for Alzheimer’s disease, specifically, holds promise. It is also necessary to consider the complicated and interconnected genetic and epigenetic effects of the REMFS-biological system’s interaction while avoiding any possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Perez
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Joseph P Bandeira
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristina N Perez Chumbiauca
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jorge Morisaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maher Rizkalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Perez FP, Rahmani M, Emberson J, Weber M, Morisaki J, Amran F, Bakri S, Halim A, Dsouza A, Yusuff NM, Farhan A, Maulucci J, Rizkalla M. EMF Antenna Exposure on a Multilayer Human Head Simulation for Alzheimer Disease Treatments. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022; 15:129-139. [PMID: 35663520 PMCID: PMC9166144 DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2022.155013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P. Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maryam Rahmani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John Emberson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Makenzie Weber
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jorge Morisaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Farhan Amran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Syazwani Bakri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Akmal Halim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alston Dsouza
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nurafifi Mohd Yusuff
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amran Farhan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James Maulucci
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maher Rizkalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Repeated electromagnetic field stimulation lowers amyloid-β peptide levels in primary human mixed brain tissue cultures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:621. [PMID: 33436686 PMCID: PMC7804462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by extracellular deposition of plaques primarily of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tangles primarily of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. We present data to suggest a noninvasive strategy to decrease potentially toxic Aβ levels, using repeated electromagnetic field stimulation (REMFS) in primary human brain (PHB) cultures. We examined effects of REMFS on Aβ levels (Aβ40 and Aβ42, that are 40 or 42 amino acid residues in length, respectively) in PHB cultures at different frequencies, powers, and specific absorption rates (SAR). PHB cultures at day in vitro 7 (DIV7) treated with 64 MHz, and 1 hour daily for 14 days (DIV 21) had significantly reduced levels of secreted Aβ40 (p = 001) and Aβ42 (p = 0.029) peptides, compared to untreated cultures. PHB cultures (DIV7) treated at 64 MHz, for 1 or 2 hour during 14 days also produced significantly lower Aβ levels. PHB cultures (DIV28) treated with 64 MHz 1 hour/day during 4 or 8 days produced a similar significant reduction in Aβ40 levels. 0.4 W/kg was the minimum SAR required to produce a biological effect. Exposure did not result in cellular toxicity nor significant changes in secreted Aβ precursor protein-α (sAPPα) levels, suggesting the decrease in Aβ did not likely result from redirection toward the α-secretase pathway. EMF frequency and power used in our work is utilized in human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, thus suggesting REMFS can be further developed in clinical settings to modulate Aβ deposition.
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Zarei S, Vahab M, Oryadi-Zanjani MM, Alighanbari N, Mortazavi SM. Mother's Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields before and during Pregnancy is Associated with Risk of Speech Problems in Offspring. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:61-68. [PMID: 30881935 PMCID: PMC6409372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid advances in technology, especially in the field of telecommunication, have led to extraordinary levels of mothers' exposures to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) prior to or during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to answer this question whether exposure of women to common sources of RF-EMFs either prior to or during pregnancy is related to speech problems in the offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mothers of 110 three-to-seven-year-old children with speech problems and 75 healthy children (control group) were interviewed. These mothers were asked whether they had exposure to different sources of EMFs such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, Wi-Fi, cordless phones, laptops and power lines. Chi square test was used to analyze the differences observed between the control and exposed groups. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found between the use of cordless phone and offspring speech problems for both before pregnancy and during pregnancy maternal exposures (P=0.005 and P=0.014, respectively). However, due to high rate of mobile phone use in both groups, this study failed to show any link between mobile phone use and speech problems in offspring. Furthermore, significant associations were observed between living in the vicinity of power lines and speech problems again for both before pregnancy and during pregnancy maternal exposures (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively). However, exposure to other sources of non-ionizing radiation was not linked to speech problems. Moreover, exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g. radiography before and during pregnancy) was not associated with the occurrence of speech problems. CONCLUSION Although this study has some limitations, it leads us to this conclusion that higher-than-ever levels of maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields could be linked to offspring speech problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zarei
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Vahab
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Childhood Speech and Language Disorders (NCSLD), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - M M Oryadi-Zanjani
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Childhood Speech and Language Disorders (NCSLD), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - N Alighanbari
- Occupational Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Mj Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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