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Fisk M, McEniery CM, Gale N, Mäki-Petäjä K, Forman JR, Munnery M, Woodcock-Smith J, Cheriyan J, Mohan D, Fuld J, Tal-Singer R, Polkey MI, Cockcroft JR, Wilkinson IB. Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Risk and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Large Case-Controlled Study. Hypertension 2018; 71:499-506. [PMID: 29358458 PMCID: PMC5805278 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity and cause of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A better understanding of mechanisms of cardiovascular risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is needed to improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that such patients have increased arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with controls and that these findings would be independent of smoking status and other confounding factors. A total of 458 patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 1657 controls (43% were current or ex-smokers) with no airflow limitation were matched for age, sex, and body mass index. All individuals underwent assessments of carotid-femoral (aortic) pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and carotid intima-media thickness. The mean age of the cohort was 67±8 years and 58% were men. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had increased aortic pulse wave velocity (9.95±2.54 versus 9.27±2.41 m/s; P<0.001), augmentation index (28±10% versus 25±10%; P<0.001), and carotid intima-media thickness (0.83±0.19 versus 0.74±0.14 mm; P<0.001) compared with controls. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with increased levels of each vascular biomarker independently of physiological confounders, smoking, and other cardiovascular risk factors. In this large case-controlled study, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with increased arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and subclinical atherosclerosis, independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that the cardiovascular burden observed in this condition may be mediated through these mechanisms and supports the concept that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fisk
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.).
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Nichola Gale
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Kaisa Mäki-Petäjä
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Julia R Forman
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Margaret Munnery
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Jean Woodcock-Smith
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Divya Mohan
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Jonathan Fuld
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Michael I Polkey
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - John R Cockcroft
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.F., C.M.M., K.M.-P., J.W.-S., J.C., I.B.W.); School of Healthcare Sciences (N.G.) and Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute (M.M., J.R.C.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit (J.R.F., J.C., I.B.W.) and Division of Respiratory Medicine (J.F.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA (D.M., R.T.S.); and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (D.M., M.I.P.)
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Rutten EPA, Spruit MA, McDonald MLN, Rennard S, Agusti A, Celli B, Miller BE, Crim C, Calverley PMA, Hanson C, MacNee W, Franssen FME, Vanfleteren L, Wouters EFM. Continuous fat-free mass decline in COPD: fact or fiction? Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1496-8. [PMID: 26381518 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00692-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica P A Rutten
- Dept of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, The Netherlands Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Dept of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, The Netherlands REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Rennard
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Corrine Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, University of Nebraska, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Dept of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, The Netherlands Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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