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Tao YX. Mutations in melanocortin-4 receptor: From fish to men. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:215-257. [PMID: 35595350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), expressed abundantly in the hypothalamus, is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, including both food intake and energy expenditure. Shortly after the publication in 1997 of the Mc4r knockout phenotypes in mice, including increased food intake and severe obesity, the first mutations in MC4R were reported in humans in 1998. Studies in the subsequent two decades have established MC4R mutation as the most common monogenic form of obesity, especially in early-onset severe obesity. Studies in animals, from fish to mammals, have established the conserved physiological roles of MC4R in all vertebrates in regulating energy balance. Drug targeting MC4R has been recently approved for treating morbid genetic obesity. How the MC4R can be exploited for animal production is highly worthy of active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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2
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Exploring single nucleotide polymorphisms in GH, IGF-I, MC4R and DGAT1 genes as predictors for growth performance in dromedary camel using multiple linear regression analysis. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Gorlov IF, Shirokova NV, Anisimova EY, Slozhenkina MI, Kolosov YA, Natyrov AK, Kolosov AY, Mosolova NI, Kolosova MA, Tarchokov TT, Mosolov AA, Mosolova DA, Karpenko EV. MC4R gene polymorphism and its association with meat traits of Karachai sheep grown in Russian Federation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1883624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fiodorovich Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Vasilievna Shirokova
- Don State Agrarian University, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology of Farm Animals, Persianovsky, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yurievna Anisimova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy Anatolievich Kolosov
- Don State Agrarian University, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology of Farm Animals, Persianovsky, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anatoliy Yurievich Kolosov
- Don State Agrarian University, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology of Farm Animals, Persianovsky, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Ivanovna Mosolova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Anatolievna Kolosova
- Don State Agrarian University, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology of Farm Animals, Persianovsky, Russian Federation
| | | | - Aleksandr Anatolievich Mosolov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Aleksandrovna Mosolova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Karpenko
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
- Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
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Shan H, Song X, Cao Y, Xiong P, Wu J, Jiang J, Jiang Y. Association of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphism with growth traits of Hu sheep. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shishay G, Liu G, Jiang X, Yu Y, Teketay W, Du D, Jing H, Liu C. Variation in the Promoter Region of the MC4R Gene Elucidates the Association of Body Measurement Traits in Hu Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E240. [PMID: 30634446 PMCID: PMC6358852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene is expressed in the appetite-regulating areas of the brain and is engaged in the leptin signaling pathway. Although previous studies have identified variants in the coding region of the sheep MC4R gene showing significant associations with birth weight, weaning weight, and backfat thickness, no such associations have been reported for the promoter region. Besides, the essential promoter region of the sheep MC4R has not been delineated. In this study, to better understand the transcriptional regulation of MC4R and to elucidate the association between regulatory variants and haplotypes with body measurement traits in sheep, we cloned and characterized the MC4R promoter. We found that the minimal promoter of the gene is located within the region -1207/-880 bp upstream of the first exon. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data revealed the mRNA expression of the MC4R gene had a significant difference between sex and age. In the association analysis, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had a significant association with one or more traits (p < 0.05); of these, two SNPs were novel. Notably, individuals with haplotype H1H2 (CT-GA-GT-GA-GT-GA-GA-CG) were heavier in body weight than other haplotypes. Altogether, variations in the MC4R gene promoter, most notably haplotype H1H2, may greatly benefit marker-assisted selection in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girmay Shishay
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yun Yu
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wassie Teketay
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dandan Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Association between expression levels and growth trait-related SNPs located in promoters of the MC4R and MSTN genes in Spinibarbus hollandi. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:1119-1125. [PMID: 30315516 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor: (MC4R) and Myostatin (MSTN) are two important growth trait-related genes in animals. In this study, we showed that two SNPs, MC4R-719A>G and MSTN-519C>T, found in the promoters of the MC4R and MSTN genes, respectively, are both associated with growth traits in Spinibarbus hollandi. Furthermore, we observed that there were significant associations between the expression levels of the MC4R and MSTN genes and these two growth trait-related SNPs. The expression level of MC4R gene in brain was lower in GG genotype fish with extremely high growth performance than that in AA genotype fish with extremely low growth performance. Expression level of the MSTN gene in muscle was lower in TT genotype fish with extremely high growth performance than that in CC and CT genotype fish with lower growth performance. The results indicated that these SNPs located in the promoters of MC4R and MSTN are associated with growth-related traits through modification of gene expression levels. The MSTN and MC4R SNPs may have useful application in effective marker-assisted selection aimed to increase output in S. hollandi.
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Zhao H, He S, Zhu Y, Cao X, Luo R, Cai Y, Xu H, Sun X. A novel 29 bp insertion/deletion (indel) variant of the <i>LHX3</i> gene and its influence on growth traits in four sheep breeds of various fecundity. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-79-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Belonging to the same LIM homeobox (LHX) family, LHX3 and LHX4 are key transcription factors in animal growth and reproduction. Insertion/deletion (indel) is a relatively simple and effective DNA marker. Therefore, four sheep breeds of various fecundity were used to explore the novel indel variants within the sheep LHX3 and LHX4 gene, as well as to evaluate their effects on growth traits. Herein, only one novel 29 bp indel (NC_019460.2:g.3107494-3107522delGGCCTGGACTGTGATGGGCACCCTCCGGG) within the sheep LHX3 gene was found, and three genotypes were detected. Interestingly, the increasing trends of II (insertion/insertion) genotype frequency and I allelic frequency were the same as the growth of the fertility character. Genotypic frequency and allelic frequency distributions were significantly different between the high-fecundity breeds (HS, STHS and LFTS) and low-fecundity breed (TS) based on a χ2 test (P < 0.05). Association analyses showed that body length was significantly different in female TS and STHS and that chest width was significantly different for the female TS and male STHS (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the 29 bp indel could extend the spectrum of genetic variations of the LHX3 gene in sheep and provide a valuable theoretical basis for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sheep breeding and genetics.
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Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Meng C, Zhang X, Wang Z, Fang Y, Mao D, Cao S. Three novel MC4R SNPs associated with growth traits in Hu sheep and East Friesian×Hu crossbred sheep. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanz A, Serrano C, Ranera B, Dervishi E, Zaragoza P, Calvo J, Rodellar C. Novel polymorphisms in the 5′UTR of FASN, GPAM, MC4R and PLIN1 ovine candidate genes: Relationship with gene expression and diet. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zeng R, Zhang Y, Du P. SNPs of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) associated with body weight in Beagle dogs. Exp Anim 2014; 63:73-8. [PMID: 24521865 PMCID: PMC4160929 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which is associated with inherited human obesity, is involoved in food intake and body weight of mammals. To study the relationships between MC4R gene polymorphism and body weight in Beagle dogs, we detected and compared the nucleotide sequence of the whole coding region and 3'- and 5'- flanking regions of the dog MC4R gene (1214 bp). In 120 Beagle dogs, two SNPs (A420C, C895T) were identified and their relation with body weight was analyzed with RFLP-PCR method. The results showed that the SNP at A420C was significantly associated with canine body weight trait when it changed amino acid 101 of the MC4R protein from asparagine to threonine, while canine body weight variations were significant in female dogs when MC4R nonsense mutation at C895T. It suggested that the two SNPs might affect the MC4R gene's function which was relative to body weight in Beagle dogs. Therefore, MC4R was a candidate gene for selecting different size dogs with the MC4R SNPs (A420C, C895T) being potentially valuable as a genetic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
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Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) polymorphisms are associated with growth and meat quality traits in sheep. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6967-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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