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Guo D, Wang R, Fang J, Zhong Y, Qi X. Development of sex-linked markers for gender identification of Actinidia arguta. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12780. [PMID: 37550389 PMCID: PMC10406875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of the dioecious plant Actinidia arguta has become a great attraction recently. It has long been difficult to distinguish the genders of hybrid seedlings before flowering, therefore increasing the expenditures of breeding. To produce reliable molecular marker for gender identification, this research utilized whole-genome re-sequencing of 15 males and 15 females from an 8-year-old cross population to develop gender specific markers. P51 and P11 were identified as sex-linked markers after verification. Both of these markers, according to the PCR results, only amplified a single band in male samples. These two markers were tested in 97 hybrids (52 females and 45 males) and 31 wild individuals (13 females and 18 males), with an accuracy of 96.88% and 96.09%, correspondingly. This research also verified the universalities of the two markers in Actinidia chinensis samples, and it could be inferred from the PCR results that neither marker was applicable to A. chinensis samples. The BLAST results of the two markers demonstrated that the two markers were closely aligned with different parts of the Y male-specific region of A. chinensis genome, thus they were likely to be useful for the research on the mechanism of sex determination of A. arguta. The two male-linked makers, P51 and P11, have already been used in sex-identification of A. arguta seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jinbao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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2
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He P, Wei P, Ma Y, Hu S, Yao J, Jiang X, Xu Y, Zhu P, Wei M, Jiang W, Peng J. Candidate sex-associated gene identification in Trachinotus ovatus (Carangidae) using an integrated SLAF-seq and bulked segregant analysis approach. Gene 2022; 809:146026. [PMID: 34687789 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to distinguish the sexes of Trachinotus ovatus based on appearance, and little data about sex-determining genes are available for this species. Here, we generated 200 F2 individuals using the parents R404 and R403. DNA samples were collected from 50 individuals of each sex and aggregated into sex-specific DNA pools. Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing was integrated with bulked segregant analysis to detect candidate sex-associated genes. Approximately 3,153,153 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 135,363 high-quality insertion-deletion (Indel) markers were generated. Six candidate regions within chromosome 14, encompassing 132 candidate genes, were identified as closely related to sex. Based on annotations, six genes (EVM0019817, EVM0004192, EVM0001445, EVM0005260, EVM0014734, and EVM0009626) were predicted to be closely associated with sex. These results present an efficient genetic mapping approach that lays a foundation for molecular sex discrimination in T. ovatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Pinyuan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535000, China
| | - Shenhua Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiuxiang Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaozhen Jiang
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Youhou Xu
- Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535000, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535000, China
| | - Mingli Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weiming Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning 530021, China.
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da Costa Amaral A, Lima AF, Ganeco-Kirschnik LN, de Almeida FL. Morphological characterization of pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) gonadal differentiation. J Morphol 2020; 281:491-499. [PMID: 32198946 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arapaima gigas is a giant air-breathing and bony tongue fish from the Amazon basin and a promising species for aquaculture. A. gigas farming industry is still not established because of the lack of information on its reproductive physiology. Reproduction in captivity cannot be manipulated or stimulated, and the identification of males and females in a broodstock is not easy. We aimed to reveal the morphological sex differentiation of pirarucu as studies involving gonad development are essential to understanding the reproductive physiology of any species. We performed histological analysis on the whole body and extracted the gonads of 150 juveniles. The first sign of ovary differentiation is the sex-specific rearrangement of the germ cells. In 9 cm total length females, the germ cells group into nests and are restricted to the lateral face of the gonad, in close contact with the abdomen wall. With further development, this region invaginates and that later develops into ovigerous lamellae. Meiosis starts soon after ovary differentiation. In males, the germ cells are scattered along the elongated differentiating testis at first, and later become more restricted to the central region where the spermatogonial cysts start to develop. Somatic and germ cells are jointly involved in the cellular reorganization during gonadal differentiation, specifically when the germ cells begin to establish new associations during the development of both the germinal epithelium and stroma. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: In Arapaima gigas, the ovary differentiation occurs in 9 cm TL females and it is marked by the rearrangement of germ and somatic cells; and the germ cells entering meiosis with no formation of ovarian cavity; testis differentiation occurs later and meiosis does not start in males smaller than 80 cm TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldessandro da Costa Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Torati LS, Lima AF, Kirschnik LNG, Migaud H. Endoscopy and Cannulation as Non-Invasive Tools to Identify Sex and Monitor Reproductive Development in Arapaima gigas. COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/ot-18-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Simon Torati
- Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura, Prolongamento da Av. NS 10, Cruzamento com Av. LO 18, Sentido Norte, Loteamento Água Fria, CEP 77008-900 Palmas-TO, Brazil; (LST) . Send reprint requests to LST
| | - Adriana Ferreira Lima
- Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura, Prolongamento da Av. NS 10, Cruzamento com Av. LO 18, Sentido Norte, Loteamento Água Fria, CEP 77008-900 Palmas-TO, Brazil; (LST) . Send reprint requests to LST
| | - Luciana Nakaghi Ganeco Kirschnik
- Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura, Prolongamento da Av. NS 10, Cruzamento com Av. LO 18, Sentido Norte, Loteamento Água Fria, CEP 77008-900 Palmas-TO, Brazil; (LST) . Send reprint requests to LST
| | - Hervé Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. Submitted: 24 September 2018. Accepted: 25 March 2019. Associate Editor: T. Grande
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Du K, Wuertz S, Adolfi M, Kneitz S, Stöck M, Oliveira M, Nóbrega R, Ormanns J, Kloas W, Feron R, Klopp C, Parrinello H, Journot L, He S, Postlethwait J, Meyer A, Guiguen Y, Schartl M. The genome of the arapaima (Arapaima gigas) provides insights into gigantism, fast growth and chromosomal sex determination system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5293. [PMID: 30923320 PMCID: PMC6439221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have sequenced the genome of the largest freshwater fish species of the world, the arapaima. Analysis of gene family dynamics and signatures of positive selection identified genes involved in the specific adaptations and unique features of this iconic species, in particular it's large size and fast growth. Genome sequences from both sexes combined with RAD-tag analyses from other males and females led to the isolation of male-specific scaffolds and supports an XY sex determination system in arapaima. Whole transcriptome sequencing showed that the product of the gland-like secretory organ on the head surface of males and females may not only provide nutritional fluid for sex-unbiased parental care, but that the organ itself has a more specific function in males, which engage more in parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sven Wuertz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mateus Adolfi
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcos Oliveira
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jenny Ormanns
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Romain Feron
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Hugues Parrinello
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Journot
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Shunping He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | - Manfred Schartl
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
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Fernandino JI, Hattori RS. Sex determination in Neotropical fish: Implications ranging from aquaculture technology to ecological assessment. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:172-183. [PMID: 29990492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high biodiversity of fish in the Neotropical region contrasts with scarce or biased studies on the mechanisms involved in the sex determination in members of this fauna. In this review, we attempted to compile the information available on determination, differentiation, and manipulation of sex for Neotropical species, with special focus on silversides and other two speciose groups, known as characins (Characiformes) and catfishes (Siluriformes). Currently, there is plenty of information available on chromosomal sex determination systems, which includes both male and female heterogamety with many variations, and sex chromosomes evolution at the macro chromosomal level. However, there is hitherto a blank in information at micro, gene/molecule levels and in research related to the effects of environmental cues on sex determination; most of reported studies are limited to silversides and guppies. In view of such a high diversity, it is critically necessary to establish key model species for relevant Neotropical fish taxa and also multi-disciplinary research groups in order to uncover the main patterns and trends that dictate the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal differentiation in this icthyofauna. By increasing our knowledge on sex determination/differentiation with the identification of sex chromosome-linked markers or sex-determining genes, characterization of the onset timing of morphological gonadal differentiation, and determination of the environmental-hormonal labile period of gonadal sex determination in reference species, it will be possible to use those information as guidelines for application in other related groups. Overall, the strategic advance in this research field will be crucial for the development of biotechnological tools for aquaculture industry and for conservation of fish fauna from the Neotropical Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Fernandino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/Universidad Nacional de San Martín (CONICET/UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Ricardo Shohei Hattori
- Salmonid Experimental Station at Campos do Jordão, UPD-CJ (APTA/SAA), Campos do Jordão, Brazil.
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Torati LS, Taggart JB, Varela ES, Araripe J, Wehner S, Migaud H. Genetic diversity and structure in Arapaima gigas populations from Amazon and Araguaia-Tocantins river basins. BMC Genet 2019; 20:13. [PMID: 30691389 PMCID: PMC6348655 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) is the largest freshwater scaled fish in the world, and an emerging species for tropical aquaculture development. Conservation of the species, and the expansion of aquaculture requires the development of genetic tools to study polymorphism, differentiation, and stock structure. This study aimed to investigate genomic polymorphism through ddRAD sequencing, in order to identify a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to simultaneously assess genetic diversity and structure in wild (from rivers Amazon, Solimões, Tocantins and Araguaia) and captive populations. Results Compared to many other teleosts, the degree of polymorphism in A. gigas was low with only 2.3% of identified RAD-tags (135 bases long) containing SNPs. A panel of 393 informative SNPs was identified and screened across the five populations. Higher genetic diversity indices (number of polymorphic loci and private alleles, Shannon’s Index and HO) were found in populations from the Amazon and Solimões, intermediate levels in Tocantins and Captive, and very low levels in the Araguaia population. These results likely reflect larger population sizes from less urbanized environments in the Amazon basin compared to Araguaia. Populations were significantly differentiated with pairwise FST values ranging from 0.086 (Amazon × Solimões) to 0.556 (Amazon × Araguaia). Mean pairwise relatedness among individuals was significant in all populations (P < 0.01), reflecting a degree of inbreeding possibly due to severe depletion of natural stocks, the species sedentary behaviour and possible sampling biases. Although Mantel test was not significant (P = 0.104; R2 = 0.65), Bayesian analysis in STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed populations of Amazon and Solimões to be genetically differentiated from Araguaia, with Tocantins comprising individuals from both identified stocks. Conclusions This relatively rapid genotyping by sequencing approach proved to be successful in delineating arapaima stocks. The approach and / or SNP panels identified should prove valuable for more detailed genetic studies of arapaima populations, including the elucidation of the genetic status of described discrete morphotypes and aid in delivery of conservation programs to maintain genetic diversity in reservoirs across the Amazon region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-018-0711-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Simon Torati
- EMBRAPA Pesca e Aquicultura, Palmas, TO, CEP 77008-900, Brazil. .,Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - John Bernard Taggart
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Juliana Araripe
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, PA, CEP 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Wehner
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Hervé Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
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Vialle RA, de Souza JES, Lopes KDP, Teixeira DG, Alves Sobrinho PDA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AM, Furtado C, Sakamoto T, Oliveira Silva FA, Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira E, Hamoy IG, Assumpção PP, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Santos Lima JPM, Seuánez HN, de Souza SJ, Santos S. Whole Genome Sequencing of the Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) Supports Independent Emergence of Major Teleost Clades. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2366-2379. [PMID: 29982381 PMCID: PMC6143160 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is one of the world's largest freshwater fishes and member of the superorder Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues), one of the oldest lineages of ray-finned fishes. This species is an obligate air-breather found in the basin of the Amazon River with an attractive potential for aquaculture. Its phylogenetic position among bony fishes makes the Pirarucu a relevant subject for evolutionary studies of early teleost diversification. Here, we present, for the first time, a draft genome version of the A. gigas genome, providing useful information for further functional and evolutionary studies. The A. gigas genome was assembled with 103-Gb raw reads sequenced in an Illumina platform. The final draft genome assembly was ∼661 Mb, with a contig N50 equal to 51.23 kb and scaffold N50 of 668 kb. Repeat sequences accounted for 21.69% of the whole genome, and a total of 24,655 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome assembly, with an average of nine exons per gene. Phylogenomic analysis based on 24 fish species supported the postulation that Osteoglossomorpha and Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, and bonefishes) are sister groups, both forming a sister lineage with respect to Clupeocephala (remaining teleosts). Divergence time estimations suggested that Osteoglossomorpha and Elopomorpha lineages emerged independently in a period of ∼30 Myr in the Jurassic. The draft genome of A. gigas provides a valuable genetic resource for further investigations of evolutionary studies and may also offer a valuable data for economic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Assunção Vialle
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes Teixeira
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – BioME, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - André M Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Departmento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carolina Furtado
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Guerreiro Hamoy
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Matos Santos Lima
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – BioME, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Héctor N Seuánez
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandro José de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – BioME, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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