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Gao J, Xiao N, Wang Q, Xu Z, Xiao F, Yang Z, Wei W, Wang C. OAT3 mediates methotrexate resistance in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Ramos A, Sadeghi S, Tabatabaeian H. Battling Chemoresistance in Cancer: Root Causes and Strategies to Uproot Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9451. [PMID: 34502361 PMCID: PMC8430957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With nearly 10 million deaths, cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Along with major key parameters that control cancer treatment management, such as diagnosis, resistance to the classical and new chemotherapeutic reagents continues to be a significant problem. Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance leads to cancer recurrence in many cases that eventually causes failure in the successful treatment and death of cancer patients. Various determinants, including tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment, could cause chemoresistance through a diverse range of mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the key determinants and the underlying mechanisms by which chemoresistance appears. We then describe which strategies have been implemented and studied to combat such a lethal phenomenon in the management of cancer treatment, with emphasis on the need to improve the early diagnosis of cancer complemented by combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
| | - Samira Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Conventional Therapies for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040683. [PMID: 33567616 PMCID: PMC7915189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor, mainly occurring in children and adolescents. Current standard therapy includes tumor resection associated with multidrug chemotherapy. However, patient survival has not evolved for the past decades. Since the 1970s, the 5-year survival rate is around 75% for patients with localized OS but dramatically drops to 20% for bad responders to chemotherapy or patients with metastases. Resistance is one of the biological processes at the origin of therapeutic failure. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and decipher molecular mechanisms of resistance to conventional chemotherapy in order to develop new strategies and to adapt treatments for patients, thus improving the survival rate. This review will describe most of the molecular mechanisms involved in OS chemoresistance, such as a decrease in intracellular accumulation of drugs, inactivation of drugs, improved DNA repair, modulations of signaling pathways, resistance linked to autophagy, disruption in genes expression linked to the cell cycle, or even implication of the micro-environment. We will also give an overview of potential therapeutic strategies to circumvent resistance development.
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Prudowsky ZD, Yustein JT. Recent Insights into Therapy Resistance in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 33396725 PMCID: PMC7795058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy of childhood, has been a challenge to treat and cure. Standard chemotherapy regimens work well for many patients, but there remain minimal options for patients with progressive or resistant disease, as clinical trials over recent decades have failed to significantly improve survival. A better understanding of therapy resistance is necessary to improve current treatments and design new strategies for future treatment options. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms and recent scientific advancements regarding osteosarcoma and its patterns of resistance against chemotherapy, radiation, and other newly-introduced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Prudowsky
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang SM, Li M, Wu WS, Sun LL, Yan D. Methylation analysis of the SLC19A1 promoter region in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:646-651. [PMID: 32403197 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), which is encoded by the human solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1) gene, plays an essential role in the cellular uptake of methotrexate (MTX). RFC1 expression is regulated by genetic variations and epigenetic modifications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methylation status of the SLC19A1 promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). METHODS Serum MTX concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification for SLC19A1 promoter region #17 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 52 paediatric ALL patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overall, the investigated region of the SLC19A1 promoter was in a hypermethylated state. No significant associations were detected between the methylation levels of six CpG units in the SLC19A1 promoter region #17 and clinical parameters of patients with ALL, including sex, age, immunotype and risk stratification. The methylation level of CpG_10 showed a significant positive correlation with MTX 24 hours after the initiation of infusion. No significant differences in the methylation levels of six CpG units were observed between patients with and without MTX toxicities. Due to the small sample size of this study, there was a high chance of false-positive results. A large-scale study would be required to confirm these preliminary results. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our preliminary results suggested the hypermethylated status of the SLC19A1 promoter in children with ALL. The methylation levels of the SLC19A1 promoter might affect MTX exposure. These findings have implications for the mechanisms underlying the variability of MTX responses in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Shui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China.,International Cooperation & Joint Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
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The Potential Selective Cytotoxicity of Poly (L- Lactic Acid)-Based Scaffolds Functionalized with Nanohydroxyapatite and Europium (III) Ions toward Osteosarcoma Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223779. [PMID: 31752084 PMCID: PMC6888250 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is malignant bone tumor, occurring in children and adults, characterized by poor prognosis. Despite advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques, the survival of osteosarcoma patients is not improving significantly. Currently, great efforts are taken to identify novel selective strategies, distinguishing between cancer and normal cells. This includes development of biomimetic scaffolds with anticancer properties that can simultaneously support and modulate proper regeneration of bone tissue. In this study cytotoxicity of scaffolds composed from poly (L-lactic acid) functionalized with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and doped with europium (III) ions-10 wt % 3 mol % Eu3+: nHAp@PLLA was tested using human osteosarcoma cells: U-2 OS, Saos-2 and MG-63. Human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (HuASCs) were used as non-transformed cells to determine the selective cytotoxicity of the carrier. Analysis included evaluation of cells morphology (confocal/scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), metabolic activity and apoptosis profile in cultures on the scaffolds. Results obtained indicated on high cytotoxicity of scaffolds toward all OSA cell lines, associated with a decrease of cells' viability, deterioration of metabolic activity and activation of apoptotic factors determined at mRNA and miRNA levels. Simultaneously, the biomaterials did not affect HuASCs' viability and proliferation rate. Obtained scaffolds showed a bioimaging function, due to functionalization with luminescent europium ions, and thus may find application in theranostics treatment of OSA.
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Marques da Costa ME, Marchais A, Gomez-Brouchet A, Job B, Assoun N, Daudigeos-Dubus E, Fromigué O, Santos C, Geoerger B, Gaspar N. In-Vitro and In-Vivo Establishment and Characterization of Bioluminescent Orthotopic Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Osteosarcoma Models in NSG Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070997. [PMID: 31319571 PMCID: PMC6678535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy with a peak incidence at adolescence, had no survival improvement since decades. Persistent problems are chemo-resistance and metastatic spread. We developed in-vitro osteosarcoma models resistant to chemotherapy and in-vivo bioluminescent orthotopic cell-derived-xenografts (CDX). Continuous increasing drug concentration cultures in-vitro resulted in five methotrexate (MTX)-resistant and one doxorubicin (DOXO)-resistant cell lines. Resistance persisted after drug removal except for MG-63. Different resistance mechanisms were identified, affecting drug transport and action mechanisms specific to methotrexate (RFC/SCL19A1 decrease, DHFR up-regulation) for MTX-resistant lines, or a multi-drug phenomenon (PgP up-regulation) for HOS-R/DOXO. Differential analysis of copy number abnormalities (aCGH) and gene expression (RNAseq) revealed changes of several chromosomic regions translated at transcriptomic level depending on drug and cell line, as well as different pathways implicated in invasive and metastatic potential (e.g., Fas, Metalloproteinases) and immunity (enrichment in HLA cluster genes in 6p21.3) in HOS-R/DOXO. Resistant-CDX models (HOS-R/MTX, HOS-R/DOXO and Saos-2-B-R/MTX) injected intratibially into NSG mice behaved as their parental counterpart at primary tumor site; however, they exhibited a slower growth rate and lower metastatic spread, although they retained resistance and CGH main characteristics without drug pressure. These models represent valuable tools to explore resistance mechanisms and new therapies in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugénia Marques da Costa
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonin Marchais
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Anne Gomez-Brouchet
- IUCT-Oncopole, CHU and University of Toulouse, Pathology department, 31100 Toulouse, France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR5089, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bastien Job
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), US23, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Noémie Assoun
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Estelle Daudigeos-Dubus
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Olivia Fromigué
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR981, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4000 Porto, Portugal
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France.
- University of Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France.
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Analyzing the Interactions of mRNAs and ncRNAs to Predict Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Osteosarcoma Chemo-Resistance. Mol Ther 2019; 27:518-530. [PMID: 30692017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance is a huge obstacle encountered in the osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. Protein-coding mRNAs, as well as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), have been demonstrated to play an essential role in the regulation of cancer biology. However, the comprehensive expression profile and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network between mRNAs and ncRNAs in the OS chemo-resistance still remain unclear. In the current study, we developed whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]) in the three paired multi-drug chemo-resistant and chemo-sensitive OS cell lines to comprehensively identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for mRNAs with significantly different expression. Then the ceRNA networks combining lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were predicted and constructed on the basis of the authoritative miRanda and TargetScan databases combined with the widely accepted vital drug resistance-related genes and signal transduction pathways. In addition, two constructed ceRNA regulatory pathways, lncRNAMEG3/hsa-miR-200b-3p/AKT2 and hsa_circ_0001258/hsa-miR-744-3p/GSTM2, were randomly selected and validated by real-time qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down assay, and dual luciferase reporter gene system. Taken together, our findings may provide new evidence for the underlying mechanism of OS chemo-resistance and uncover some novel targets for reversing it.
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Sramek M, Neradil J, Sterba J, Veselska R. Non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate in osteosarcoma cell lines: epigenetic alterations and enhanced cell differentiation. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26929741 PMCID: PMC4770555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate is an important chemotherapeutic drug widely known as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) which inhibits the reduction of folic acid. DHFR-mediated effects are apparently responsible for its primary antineoplastic action. However, other non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate have been recently discovered, which might be very useful in the development of new strategies for the treatment of pediatric malignancies. The principal goal of this study was to analyze the possible impact of clinically achievable methotrexate levels on cell proliferation, mechanisms of epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation and histone acetylation), induced differentiation and the expression of differentiation-related genes in six osteosarcoma cell lines. Methods The Saos-2 reference cell line and five other patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines were chosen for this study. The MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation, DNA methylation and histone acetylation were detected using ELISA, and western blotting was used for a detailed analysis of histone acetylation. The expression of differentiation-related genes was quantified using RT-qPCR and the course of cell differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining, which detects the level of extracellular matrix mineralization. Results Methotrexate significantly decreased the proliferation of Saos-2 cells exclusively, suggesting that this reference cell line was sensitive to the DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate. In contrast, other results indicated non-DHFR-mediated effects in patient-derived cell lines. Methotrexate-induced DNA demethylation was detected in almost all of them; methotrexate was able to lower the level of 5-methylcytosine in treated cells, and this effect was similar to the effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, methotrexate increased the level of acetylated histone H3 in the OSA-06 cell line. Methotrexate also enhanced all-trans retinoic acid-induced cell differentiation in three patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines, and the modulation of expression of the differentiation-related genes was also shown. Conclusions Overall non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate were detected in the patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines. Methotrexate acts as an epigenetic modifier and has a potential impact on cell differentiation and the expression of related genes. Furthermore, the combination of methotrexate and all-trans retinoic acid can be effective as a differentiation therapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sramek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Neradil J, Pavlasova G, Sramek M, Kyr M, Veselska R, Sterba J. DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate in medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma cells: the same outcome of treatment with different doses in sensitive cell lines. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2169-75. [PMID: 25739012 PMCID: PMC4391593 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although methotrexate (MTX) is the most well-known antifolate included in many standard therapeutic regimens, substantial toxicity limits its wider use, particularly in pediatric oncology. Our study focused on a detailed analysis of MTX effects in cell lines derived from two types of pediatric solid tumors: medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effects of treatment with MTX at concentrations comparable to MTX plasma levels in patients treated with high-dose or low-dose MTX. The results showed that treatment with MTX significantly decreased proliferation activity, inhibited the cell cycle at S-phase and induced apoptosis in Daoy and Saos-2 reference cell lines, which were found to be MTX-sensitive. Furthermore, no difference in these effects was observed following treatment with various doses of MTX ranging from 1 to 40 μM. These findings suggest the possibility of achieving the same outcome with the application of low-dose MTX, an extremely important result, particularly for clinical practice. Another important aspect of treatment with high-dose MTX in clinical practice is the administration of leucovorin (LV) as an antidote to reduce MTX toxicity in normal cells. For this reason, the combined application of MTX and LV was also included in our experiments; however, this application of MTX together with LV did not elicit any detectable effect. The expression analysis of genes involved in the mechanisms of resistance to MTX was a final component of our study, and the results helped us to elucidate the mechanisms of the various responses to MTX among the cell lines included in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Neradil
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Pavlasova
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sramek
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Wang J, Li G. Mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines and strategies for overcoming this resistance. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:940-944. [PMID: 25621072 PMCID: PMC4301490 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of methotrexate (MTX) resistance in the human osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2/MTX4.4, and to evaluate various methods of overcoming the resistance to this chemotherapeutic agent. MMT assays were performed to determine the resistance of the primary (Saos-2) and resistant (Saos-2/MTX4.4) cell lines to MTX, cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP)], ifosfamide (IFO), Adriamycin (ADM), epirubicin (EPI) and theprubicin (THP). The Saos-2/MTX4.4 cells exhibited a low resistance to IFO, ADM, EPI and THP; however, no resistance to DDP was identified. Overall, the Saos-2/MTX4.4 cells exhibited a greater resistance to all the chemotherapeutic agents investigated compared with the Saos-2 cells. Rhodamine 123 (R123) fluorescence was measured in the Saos-2/MTX4.4 and Saos-2 cells 30 and 60 min after the addition of R123, and R123 plus verapamil (VER). VER administration increased the intracellular accumulation of R123. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) in the two cell lines. Although the Saos-2/MTX4.4 cells were more resistant to the chemotherapeutic agents than the Saos-2 cells, no significant difference was identified between the relative mRNA expression levels of MDR1 in the Saos-2/MTX4.4 and Saos-2 cells (0.4350±0.0354 vs. 0.3886±0.0456; P>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
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