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Crucial Genes in Aortic Dissection Identified by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7585149. [PMID: 35178459 PMCID: PMC8844153 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7585149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal vascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Though AD clinical pathology is well understood, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Specifically, gene expression profiling helps illustrate the potential mechanism of aortic dissection in terms of gene regulation and its modification by risk factors. This study was aimed at identifying the genes and molecular mechanisms in aortic dissection through bioinformatics analysis. Method Nine patients with AD and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. The gene expression in peripheral mononuclear cells was profiled through next-generation RNA sequencing. Analyses including differential expressed gene (DEG) via DEGseq, weighted gene coexpression network (WGCNA), and VisANT were performed to identify crucial genes associated with AD. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was also utilized to analyze Gene Ontology (GO). Results DEG analysis revealed that 1,113 genes were associated with AD. Of these, 812 genes were markedly reduced, whereas 301 genes were highly expressed, in AD patients. DEGs were rich in certain categories such as MHC class II receptor activity, MHC class II protein complex, and immune response genes. Gene coexpression networks via WGCNA identified 3 gene hub modules, with one positively and 2 negatively correlated with AD, respectively. Specifically, module 37 was the most strongly positively correlated with AD with a correlation coefficient of 0.72. Within module 37, five hub genes (AGFG1, MCEMP1, IRAK3, KCNE1, and CLEC4D) displayed high connectivity and may have clinical significance in the pathogenesis of AD. Conclusion Our analysis provides the possible association of specific genes and gene modules for the involvement of the immune system in aortic dissection. AGFG1, MCEMP1, IRAK3, KCNE1, and CLEC4D in module M37 were highly connected and strongly linked with AD, suggesting that these genes may help understand the pathogenesis of aortic dissection.
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Faridi R, Tona R, Brofferio A, Hoa M, Olszewski R, Schrauwen I, Assir MZ, Bandesha AA, Khan AA, Rehman AU, Brewer C, Ahmed W, Leal SM, Riazuddin S, Boyden SE, Friedman TB. Mutational and phenotypic spectra of KCNE1 deficiency in Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome and Romano-Ward Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:162-176. [PMID: 30461122 PMCID: PMC6328321 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
KCNE1 encodes a regulatory subunit of the KCNQ1 potassium channel-complex. Both KCNE1 and KCNQ1 are necessary for normal hearing and cardiac ventricular repolarization. Recessive variants in these genes are associated with Jervell and Lange-Nielson syndrome (JLNS1 and JLNS2), a cardio-auditory syndrome characterized by congenital profound sensorineural deafness and a prolonged QT interval that can cause ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Some normal-hearing carriers of heterozygous missense variants of KCNE1 and KCNQ1 have prolonged QT intervals, a dominantly inherited phenotype designated Romano-Ward syndrome (RWS), which is also associated with arrhythmias and elevated risk of sudden death. Coassembly of certain mutant KCNE1 monomers with wild-type KCNQ1 subunits results in RWS by a dominant negative mechanism. This paper reviews variants of KCNE1 and their associated phenotypes, including biallelic truncating null variants of KCNE1 that have not been previously reported. We describe three homozygous nonsense mutations of KCNE1 segregating in families ascertained ostensibly for nonsyndromic deafness: c.50G>A (p.Trp17*), c.51G>A (p.Trp17*), and c.138C>A (p.Tyr46*). Some individuals carrying missense variants of KCNE1 have RWS. However, heterozygotes for loss-of-function variants of KCNE1 may have normal QT intervals while biallelic null alleles are associated with JLNS2, indicating a complex genotype-phenotype spectrum for KCNE1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Faridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Risa Tona
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muhammad Z.K. Assir
- Allama Iqbal Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Hospital Complex, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar A. Bandesha
- Cardiology Department, The Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma A. Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Atteeq U. Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carmen Brewer
- Audiology Unit, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M. Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Hospital Complex, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Steven E. Boyden
- Section on Genetics of Communication Disorders, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abbott GW. KCNE1 and KCNE3: The yin and yang of voltage-gated K(+) channel regulation. Gene 2015; 576:1-13. [PMID: 26410412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human KCNE gene family comprises five genes encoding single transmembrane-spanning ion channel regulatory subunits. The primary function of KCNE subunits appears to be regulation of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, and the best-understood KCNE complexes are with the KCNQ1 Kv α subunit. Here, we review the often opposite effects of KCNE1 and KCNE3 on Kv channel biology, with an emphasis on regulation of KCNQ1. Slow-activating IKs channel complexes formed by KCNQ1 and KCNE1 are essential for human ventricular myocyte repolarization, while constitutively active KCNQ1-KCNE3 channels are important in the intestine. Inherited sequence variants in human KCNE1 and KCNE3 cause cardiac arrhythmias but by different mechanisms, and each is important for hearing in unique ways. Because of their contrasting effects on KCNQ1 function, KCNE1 and KCNE3 have proved invaluable tools in the mechanistic understanding of how channel gating can be manipulated, and each may also provide a window into novel insights and new therapeutic opportunities in K(+) channel pharmacology. Finally, findings from studies of Kcne1(-/-) and Kcne3(-/-) mouse lines serve to illustrate the complexity of KCNE biology and KCNE-linked disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 360 Medical Surge II, Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Li L, Shen C, Yao Z, Liang J, Huang C. Genetic variants of potassium voltage-gated channel genes (KCNQ1, KCNH2, and KCNE1) affected the risk of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:359-65. [PMID: 26066992 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common type of cardiac arrhythmia and is a major healthcare burden. Around 20% of patients show no obvious clinical manifestations; this can lead to a delay of AF diagnosis and prevention. Genetic mutations are one of the important risk factors for AF. This study aimed to assess the associations between polymorphisms on KCNE1, KCNQ1, and KCNH2 with the risk of AF in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study comprised of 438 AF patients and 450 controls. The tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were retrieved in the International HapMap database and Haploview software was used to capture all the polymorphisms on KCNE1, KCNQ1, and KCNH2. DNA was extracted from blood and polymerase chain reaction-based assays were used to genotype polymorphisms of the KCNE1, KCNQ1, and KCNH2 genes. Chi-square test and student t-tests were used to evaluate the differences in the clinical characteristics between AF cases and controls. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between genetic variants of KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, and AF risk. RESULTS Among the nine tag SNPs, three were significantly associated with the risk of AF: the rs1805127*G allele on KCNE1, and the rs2283228*C and rs1057128*A alleles on KCNQ1. In contrast, rs1805120*T variant was correlated with lower risk of AF. However, the other five genetic variants (rs2237892, rs2237895, rs2237897, rs2070357, and rs2070356) showed no significant association with AF risk (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that the rs1805127*G allele of KCNE1, and the rs2283228*C and rs1057128*A alleles on KCNQ1 are risk factors for AF, while the rs1805120*T allele on KCNH2 may serve as a protective factor for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- 2 College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Yao
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China .,4 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China .,4 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
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