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Prevalence, Diversity, and Risk Factors for Cervical HPV Infection in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090960. [PMID: 36145392 PMCID: PMC9506000 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection of the reproductive tract, and cervical cancer is the most common HPV-related disease. This study estimated the prevalence, diversity of HPV genotypes, and associated risk factors in women screened for cervical cancer in northern Brazil. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, Pará, in the Amazon region of Brazil, and it included 162 women who were spontaneously undergoing a Pap-smear routine. Epidemiological, sexual, and health-related information was collected by interviews, and cervical samples were collected for cytological examination and HPV-DNA detection. HPV genotypes were classified as low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) by nucleotide sequencing. Results: In total, 17.3% (28/162) of the participants had HPV-DNA, and LR-HPV was the most prevalent (71.4%). Among the 13 different types of HPV detected, HPV-11 was found most frequently (12/28; 42.9%), followed by HPV-31 (3/28; 10.7%). Of the participants with cytological alterations, HPV infection was detected in only four: two were diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (15.4%), one with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (7.7%), and one with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (7.7%). Of the 61 women who presented a normal cytology, 13 (21.3%) had positive tests for HPV infection, 4 (8.2%) of which were positive for a high-risk genotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV was high in Belém, Pará, and especially in women who had normal cytology results, which suggests the need for greater screening for HPV infection in women’s primary health care.
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Curti RRDJ, Castilha EP, Bonaldo ALL, Okuyama NCM, Trugilo KP, Guembarovski RL, Couto-Filho JD, Watanabe MAE, de Oliveira KB. Development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer is not influenced by SOD2 RS4880 polymorhism. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 230:153742. [PMID: 34959097 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Some of the more than 200 known HPV types are essential for cervical cancer development, the third type of cancer most incident in the female population. However, for the malignant transformation occur, some cofactors are needed, as the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be neutralized by the antioxidant system. The SOD2 enzyme, encoded by the same name gene, is found in mitochondria and is part of the first line of defense against oxidative stress damage. Genetic polymorphisms can act by altering the efficiency of the enzyme, among which the most studied is the rs4880. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with HPV infection and the development of low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL) and cervical cancer, in 407 women attended by the public health system in Brazil. HPV detection in cervical secretion samples was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood samples were used for polymorphism genotyping through PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). PCR and restriction products were subjected to 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HPV negative group (control) included 158 women and the HPV positive group (case) 249 women. The infected group was divided into No Lesion (n = 90), LSIL (n = 20), HSIL (n = 67) and cervical cancer (n = 72). The data found on socio-epidemiological characteristics and habits corroborated with data found in the literature. The distribution of genotypes in the control group was 51.9% women TC, 29.8% TT and 18.3% CC. In the case group, the distribution was 55.0% women TC, 26.1% TT and 18.9% CC. This is the first study evaluating the influence of SOD2 rs4880 polymorphism on HPV infection, the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer in a Brazilian population, although additional studies are needed to corroborate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Roberta de Jaime Curti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86.057-970 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliza Pizarro Castilha
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86.057-970 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Labbate Bonaldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86.057-970 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86.057-970 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kleber Paiva Trugilo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86.057-970 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphism, Department of Pathological Science, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86.057-970 Paraná, Brazil.
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Sena MM, Trugilo KP, Okuyama NCM, Pereira ÉR, Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Ferreira RS, Esposito A, Pereira APL, d'Oliveira Couto-Filho J, Watanabe MAE, de Oliveira KB. The role of NFKB1/NFKBIA genetic variants in HPV infection: A cross-sectional cohort study. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104716. [PMID: 34767808 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most frequent etiological agent sexually transmitted. In the context of the immune response, NF-kB pathway plays an important role controlling the expression of several genes essential to cellular activity and structural and/or functional changes in components of this pathway can promote the development of several tumors. Thus, the study purpose was to evaluate the influence of NFKB1 rs28362491 and NFKBIA rs696 genetic variants on HPV infection and cervical lesions development. In this study 334 patients were recruited, of whom 48.8% (n = 163) were HPV infected, and considered our case group. HPV-DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the genetic variants were assessed in blood cells and tumor tissues paraffin embedded samples through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Among women who were recruited for this study who were infected, 37.4% presented precursor lesions and 16.8% were diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC). The present study did not observe significant effects of the interaction between such genetic variants on HPV infection, nor on the development of lesions and progression to CC. Further studies will be important to investigate if under some circumstance the NFKB1 rs28362491 and NFKBIA rs696 genetic variants influence the progression of HPV-associated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mota Sena
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kleber Paiva Trugilo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cezar-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Sanches Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lombardi Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José d'Oliveira Couto-Filho
- Londrina Cancer Hospital, Londrina, 86.015-520, PR, Brazil; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86.057-970, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of Studies and Polymorphisms Analysis, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR 445 Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Machado de Carvalho M, Donato Fook K, José Abigail Mendes Araújo M, Janayna Araújo Guimarães S, Penha Abreu Souza C, Déa Trindade Barbosa C, Cléa Cutrim Diniz de Morais A, Costa de Sales Muniz A, Rocha de Araújo D, Bezerra Lima Bertolaccini MF, Kassandra Pereira Belfort I, de Souza Andrade M, Cristina Moutinho Monteiro S. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in HIV-Positive Women with HPV Coinfection: A Preliminary Study. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:4318423. [PMID: 34765266 PMCID: PMC8577936 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4318423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in HIV-positive women with and without coinfection with human papillomavirus. METHODS Preliminary study was conducted with HIV-positive women. Laboratory tests (lipid profile, glycid profile, and atherogenic indexes) and detection of human papillomavirus (nested PCR technique using PGMY 09 and 11 primers, GP+5, and GP+6) were performed. For the analysis of the results, the data were categorized into two groups: with coinfection (HIV+/HPV+) and without coinfection (HIV+/HPV-). RESULTS Eighty-two HIV-positive women, aged between 35 and 49 years, participated in this study among whom 50% had HPV coinfection (HIV+/HPV+). Regarding comorbidities, there was a predominance of dyslipidemia (46.3%). The analysis of laboratory determinations and atherogenic indexes showed statistical relevance in the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (p=0.04), LDL cholesterol (p=0.03), and non-HDL cholesterol (p=0.04), as well as for the Castelli I index, Castelli II index, and atherogenic coefficient (p=0.04, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a correlation between the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes with HIV/HPV coinfection, demonstrating a possible synergy between these viruses. However, further studies in this area must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônika Machado de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Student in Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão-(UFMA) and Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Karina Donato Fook
- Postgraduate Student in Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão-(UFMA) and Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Maria José Abigail Mendes Araújo
- Laboratory Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of Universitary Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Sulayne Janayna Araújo Guimarães
- Laboratory Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of Universitary Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Camila Penha Abreu Souza
- Laboratory Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of Universitary Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Carla Déa Trindade Barbosa
- Postgraduate Student in Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão-(UFMA) and Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Ana Cléa Cutrim Diniz de Morais
- Postgraduate Student in Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão-(UFMA) and Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Costa de Sales Muniz
- Postgraduate Student in Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão-(UFMA) and Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Deborah Rocha de Araújo
- Laboratory Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of Universitary Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Bezerra Lima Bertolaccini
- Postgraduate Student in Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão-(UFMA) and Professional of Clinical Analysis and Histocompatibility of University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Souza Andrade
- Professors of Post-Graduation Adult Health Program of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
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Human Papillomavirus and Coronary Artery Disease in Climacteric Women: Is There an Association? ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:1872536. [PMID: 31320839 PMCID: PMC6609359 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1872536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death worldwide. Recent studies suggest that infection by some viruses, including the human papillomavirus (HPV), may increase the risk of developing atheromatous lesions on coronary arteries. However, there is a lack of data regarding the possible association between HPV infection and coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. Objective To investigate whether HPV infection is associated with the occurrence of CAD among climacteric women. Methods The presence of CAD and cervical HPV DNA was investigated in 52 climacteric women. Social and demographic variables and metabolic profiles were also investigated. Results Among 27 women with CAD, 16 were positive for HPV, whereas 11 were negative. The presence of cervical HPV was strongly associated with CAD, after adjusting for demographic variables, health and sexual behaviors, comorbidities, and known cardiovascular risk factors. HPV-positive women showed a greater likelihood of having CAD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 to 11.96) as compared with HPV-negative women, particularly those infected with high-risk HPV types (OR = 4.90; 95% CI: 1.26 to 19.08). Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that HPV infection might be associated with CAD among climacteric women, though further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved.
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Sontakke BR, Ambulkar PS, Talhar S, Shivkumar PV, Bharambe MS, Pal A. Molecular Genetic Study to Detect Prevalence of High-risk Human Papilloma Virus Strains (type 16 and 18) in Cervical Lesions and Asymptomatic Healthy Subjects of Rural Central India. J Cytol 2019; 36:32-37. [PMID: 30745737 PMCID: PMC6343400 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_10_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carcinoma cervix of uterus (CaCx) is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. It is an established fact that infection of specific types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is essential for the development of cervical cancer. The present study reports the high-risk viruses (HPV 16 and 18) type distribution in rural central India, which has unique climatic condition. To our knowledge, no molecular study on HPV prevalence has been done in this region of rural population, this intended us do such study. Materials and Methods: Sexually active women reporting to the Gynecology were divided in three groups, first being asymptomatic women with normal cervix (52 cases), second group with benign cervical lesion (52 cases), and third group of women with frank cervical malignancy (40 cases). Cervical swabs were collected for HPV DNA sampling. The incidence of HPV positivity was recorded in each group. Results: Fifty-two women with asymptomatic normal cervix showed 44.23% positivity for HPV 16 and 5.76% positivity for HPV 18. Fifty-two women with benign cervical lesion showed 38.46% positivity for HPV 16 and 3.84% positivity for HPV 18. Forty women with frank cervical malignancy were with prevalence of 62.5% for HPV 16 and 22.5% for HPV 18. Conclusion: The results of the study are definitely helpful to know the prevalence of HPV in this region of rural population and will enrich the national epidemiological data related to HPV infection in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat R Sontakke
- Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Anatomy, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Division, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prafulla S Ambulkar
- Department of Anatomy, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Division, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta Talhar
- Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Anatomy, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Division, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Varma Shivkumar
- Department of OBGY, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - M S Bharambe
- Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asoke Pal
- Department of Anatomy, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Division, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Trugilo KP, Cebinelli GCM, Berti FCB, Okuyama NCM, Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Sena MM, Mangieri LFL, Watanabe MAE, de Oliveira KB. Polymorphisms in the TGFB1 signal peptide influence human papillomavirus infection and development of cervical lesions. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:49-58. [PMID: 30167873 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose was to assess the effect of c.29C>T and c.74G>C polymorphisms in the TGFB1 signal peptide on HPV infection and development of cervical lesions. Cervical swabs and blood samples were obtained from 349 outpatient women, along with socio-demographic and sexual behavioral data. The study population was stratified by absence or presence of HPV DNA, as tested by PCR, as well as by lesion grade. TGFB1 signal peptide polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. HPV DNA was detected in 172 (49.3%) patients. c.74GC and the combined c.29CC+CT/c.74GC genotype were more frequent in infected patients (35.1 and 15.7%) than in uninfected women (6.2 and 14.7%). Accordingly, these genotypes were associated with a higher risk of HPV infection, with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of 2.81 and 1.35-5.86 (P = 0.004) for c.74GC and 3.14 and 1.42-6.94 (P = 0.004) for the combined genotype, respectively. High-grade lesions were also 2.48 times more likely to occur in c.29CC patients than in c.29TT patients, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.01-6.08 (P = 0.047). The data demonstrate that c.74G>C and c.29C>T polymorphisms are significantly associated with risk of HPV infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, respectively. Thus, TGFB1 signal peptide polymorphisms are potential susceptibility markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleber Paiva Trugilo
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cezar-Dos-Santos
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Mota Sena
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Lásaro Mangieri
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Department of Pathological Science, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Prevalence of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical lesions in Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil: high frequency of a possibly carcinogenic type. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1184-1193. [DOI: 10.1017/s095026881800105x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPersistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and the prevalence of HPV types varies depending on the geographic region. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of HPV types in women with cervical lesions from Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in women with cervical lesions from March to December 2014. These lesions were investigated by PCR and HPV types were identified by DNA sequencing. 432 patients were included, of which 337 patients tested positive for HPV. Eighteen different HPV types were detected, and high-risk HPV types were detected in 69.2%. HPV 16 (63.4%) was the most prevalent HPV type found, followed by HPV 66 (4.6%), HPV 18 (1.6%) and HPV 45 (1.4%). These results highlight the importance of the high prevalence of HPV 66, which is a possibly carcinogenic virus type not covered by the available vaccines. The prevalence of HPV 16 was high in the studied population, reaffirming the importance of young vaccination. However, the high prevalence of HPV 66 found in this study shows the importance of monitoring the diversity of HPV types in different populations and geographic regions to better understand the impacts of current HPV vaccines.
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Prevalence of human papilloma virus and their high-risk genotypes in Sri Lankan women. Virusdisease 2018; 29:27-31. [PMID: 29607355 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancer in women and approximately 700 deaths have been reported annually in Sri Lanka due to this cancer. Despite, attempts have not been made to investigate the prevalence of HPV amongst Sri Lankan women with normal cytology. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction based assay was set up to detect HPV in both normal and abnormal cytology and the positive samples were then tested for the genotypes, HPV 16 and HPV 18 as they have been identified as the high-risk types associating with cervical cancer. Eighty-four (number = 84) clinical samples (age range 27-69) analyzed in this study indicated that the prevalence of HPV, regardless of cytological abnormalities was 15.5%, (n = 13, 95% class interval ± 7.7) while it was 100% (n = 3) for those with abnormal cytology. Association of HPV 16 and HPV 18 among the abnormal cytology was 0 and 50% (n = 1), respectively and further, the prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 in women was found to be 3.6% (n = 3, 95% CI ± 4.0) and 2.4% (n = 2, 95% CI ± 3.3), respectively. Moreover, age wise prevalence analysis revealed women of the age of 35-years or more to have higher HPV prevalence. The prevalence of HPV among normal cytology is 12.3% (n = 10, 95% CI ± 7.2) which is similar to the rates in other regions of Asia (China 15.4%; India 10.43%). Finally, higher prevalence of HPV in women of the age of 35-years or more in Sri Lanka, especially with malignant types call for such age group to be screened for proper clinical intervention to be made in reducing the incident of cervical cancers. This is the first report of prevalence of HPV among women with normal cytology in Sri Lanka.
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