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Zymovets V, Rakhimova O, Wadelius P, Schmidt A, Brundin M, Kelk P, Landström M, Vestman NR. Exploring the impact of oral bacteria remnants on stem cells from the Apical papilla: mineralization potential and inflammatory response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257433. [PMID: 38089810 PMCID: PMC10711090 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial persistence is considered one of the main causal factors for regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) failure in immature permanent teeth. This interference is claimed to be caused by the interaction of bacteria that reside in the root canal with the stem cells that are one of the essentials for RET. The aim of the study was to investigate whether prolonged exposure of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) to bacterial remnants of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces gerensceriae, Slackia exigua, Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcaceae yurii, commonly found in infected traumatized root canals, and the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus gasseri and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, can alter SCAP's inflammatory response and mineralization potential. Methods To assess the effect of bacterial remnants on SCAP, we used UV-C-inactivated bacteria (as cell wall-associated virulence factors) and bacterial DNA. Histochemical staining using Osteoimage Mineralization Assay and Alizarin Red analysis was performed to study SCAP mineralization, while inflammatory and osteo/odontogenic-related responses of SCAPs were assessed with Multiplex ELISA. Results We showed that mineralization promotion was greater with UV C-inactivated bacteria compared to bacterial DNA. Immunofluorescence analysis detected that the early mineralization marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was increased by the level of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) positive control in the case of UV-C-inactivated bacteria; meanwhile, DNA treatment decreased the level of ALP compared to the positive control. SCAP's secretome assessed with Multiplex ELISA showed the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1b, neurotrophic factor BDNF, and angiogenic factor VEGF, induced by UV-C-killed bacteria. Discussion The results suggest that long term stimulation (for 21 days) of SCAP with UV-C-inactivated bacteria stimulate their mineralization and inflammatory response, while DNA influence has no such effect, which opens up new ideas about the nature of RET failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Wadelius
- Department of Endodontics, Region of Västerbotten, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexej Schmidt
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Brundin
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peyman Kelk
- Section for Anatomy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nelly Romani Vestman
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Cheng Y, Lemke-Miltner CD, Wongpattaraworakul W, Wang Z, Chan CHF, Salem AK, Weiner GJ, Simons AL. In situ immunization of a TLR9 agonist virus-like particle enhances anti-PD1 therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000940. [PMID: 33060147 PMCID: PMC7566437 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CMP-001 is a novel Toll-like receptor-9 agonist that consists of an unmethylated CpG-A motif-rich G10 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) encapsulated in virus-like particles. In situ vaccination of CMP-001 is believed to activate local tumor-associated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) leading to type I interferon secretion and tumor antigen presentation to T cells and systemic antitumor T cell responses. This study is designed to investigate if CMP-001 would enhance head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy in a human papilloma virus-positive (HPV+) tumor mouse model. METHODS Immune cell activation in response to CMP-001±anti-Qβ was performed using co-cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HPV+/HPV- HNSCC cells and then analyzed by flow cytometry. In situ vaccination with CMP-001 alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 was investigated in C57BL/6 mice-bearing mEERL HNSCC tumors and analyzed for anti-Qβ development, antitumor response, survival and immune cell recruitment. The role of antitumor immune response due to CMP-001+anti-PD-1 treatment was investigated by the depletion of natural killer (NK), CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS Results showed that the activity of CMP-001 on immune cell (pDCs, monocytes, CD4+/CD8+ T cells and NK cells) activation depends on the presence of anti-Qβ. A 2-week 'priming' period after subcutaneous administration of CMP-001 was required for robust anti-Qβ development in mice. In situ vaccination of CMP-001 was superior to unencapsulated G10 CpG-A ODN at suppressing both injected and uninjected (distant) tumors. In situ vaccination of CMP-001 in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy induced durable tumor regression at injected and distant tumors and significantly prolonged mouse survival compared with anti-PD-1 therapy alone. The antitumor effect of CMP-001+anti-PD-1 was accompanied by increased interferon gamma (IFNγ)+ CD4+/CD8+ T cells compared with control-treated mice. The therapeutic and abscopal effect of CMP-001+ anti-PD-1 therapy was completely abrogated by CD8+ T cell depletion. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that in situ vaccination with CMP-001 can induce both local and abscopal antitumor immune responses. Additionally, the antitumor efficacy of CMP-001 combined with α-PD-1 therapy warrants further study as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwen Cheng
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Caitlin D Lemke-Miltner
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wattawan Wongpattaraworakul
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Carlos H F Chan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - George J Weiner
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrean L Simons
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA .,Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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DNA vaccine encoding OmpA and Pal from Acinetobacter baumannii efficiently protects mice against pulmonary infection. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5397-5408. [PMID: 31342294 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in the lungs, blood, and brain in critically ill hospital patients, resulting in considerable mortality rates every year. Due to the rapid appearance of multi-drug resistance or even pan-drug resistance isolates, it is becoming more and more difficult to cure A. baumannii infection by traditional antibiotic treatment, alternative strategies are urgently required to combat A. baumannii infection. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding two antigens from A. baumannii, OmpA and Pal, and the immunogenicity and protective efficacy was further evaluated. The results showed that the DNA vaccine exhibited significant immune protective efficacy against acute A. baumannii infection in a mouse pneumonia model, and cross protective efficacy was observed when immunized mice were challenged with clinical strains of A. baumannii. DNA vaccine immunization induced high level of humoral response and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cellular response, which protect against lethal bacterial challenges by decreased bacterial loads and pathology in the lungs, and reduced level of inflammatory cytokines expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF. These results demonstrated that it is possible to prevent A. baumannii infection by DNA vaccine and both OmpA and Pal could be serve as promising candidate antigens.
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Zhou DC, Su YH, Jiang FQ, Xia JB, Wu HY, Chang ZS, Peng WT, Song GH, Park KS, Kim SK, Cai DQ, Zheng L, Qi XF. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide preconditioning improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction via modulation of energy metabolism and angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4245-4257. [PMID: 29057537 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand, has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the potential effects of CpG-ODN on myocardial infarction (MI) induced by persistent ischemia remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether and how CpG-ODN preconditioning protects against MI in mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with CpG-ODN by i.p. injection 2 hr prior to MI induction, and cardiac function, and histology were analyzed 2 weeks after MI. Both 1826-CpG and KSK-CpG preconditioning significantly improved the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional shortening (LVFS) when compared with non-CpG controls. Histological analysis further confirmed the cardioprotection of CpG-ODN preconditioning. In vitro studies further demonstrated that CpG-ODN preconditioning increases cardiomyocyte survival under hypoxic/ischemic conditions by enhancing stress tolerance through TLR9-mediated inhibition of the SERCA2/ATP and activation of AMPK pathways. Moreover, CpG-ODN preconditioning significantly increased angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium compared with non-CpG. However, persistent TLR9 activation mediated by lentiviral infection failed to improve cardiac function after MI. Although CpG-ODN preconditioning increased angiogenesis in vitro, both the persistent stimulation of CpG-ODN and stable overexpression of TLR9 suppressed the tube formation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. CpG-ODN preconditioning significantly protects cardiac function against MI by suppressing the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes and promoting angiogenesis. Our data also indicate that CpG-ODN preconditioning may be useful in MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hui Su
- Department of General Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu-Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zao-Shang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hua Song
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, TaiShan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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