Polymorphisms in the PPARγ gene and their association with metabolic syndrome in Uyghurs and Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China

Searching for Factors Raising the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Among 45-60-Year-Old Women

Metabolic syndrome is an increasing health problem, whose pathogenesis may be associated with genetic factors. The main purpose of our study was to assess relationships between MetS and the presence of the FTO rs9939609, the MC4R rs17782313, and the PPAR-γ rs1801282 polymorphisms in 45-60-year-old women. The study included patients from the general population of the Westpomeranian Province (Poland). The mean age was 54.3 ± 4.2 years. The research procedure involved taking structured history, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and collecting blood for biochemical and genetic analysis. The patients who met the diagnostic criteria for MetS constituted 38.35% of all participants (sample size: 425 patients). The comparison of blood biochemical parameters revealed numerous differences between the women with MetS and those from the control group. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the T allele of the FTO gene was a factor substantially decreasing the incidence of MetS in the study sample (ORT vs. A = 0.734; 95% CI: 0.555 - 0.970; p < 0.05). Other polymorphisms were not directly related to MetS incidence.

CONCLUSIONS

1. MetS-related abnormalities are widespread in the population of 45-60-year-old Polish women. Those most common are the elevated serum total cholesterol and LDL levels, increased insulin resistance and BMI scores, as well as visceral obesity. 2. No direct relationships were demonstrated between MetS and the gene polymorphisms analyzed in our study except for the FTO rs9939609, whose A allele and A/A genotype seemed to predispose to metabolic disorders.

Uncoupling Protein 2 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Gene Polymorphisms in Association with Diabetes Susceptibility in Chinese Han Population with Variant Glucose Tolerance

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) with glucolipid metabolism in Chinese Han population.

METHODS

Five hundred eighty-nine subjects were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n = 198) and abnormal glucose tolerance group (n = 358). HbA1c, blood lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin were determined. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR and Matsuda index (ISI_M)) and insulin secretion indexes (HOMA-β, early and total phase disposition index) were evaluated. Eight potential functional SNPs in UCP2 and 7 in PPARγ were selected. SNPs were genotyped on Sequenom MassARRAY platform.

RESULTS

The GG genotype of rs2920502 in PPARγ was associated with decreased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (G allele: OR: 0.818, 95%CI: 0.526-0.969, P = 0.042; GG: OR: 0.715, 95%CI: 0.527-0.97, P = 0.031). The TT genotype of rs3856806 in PPARγ was associated with increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (T allele: OR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.055-2.017, P = 0.022; TT: OR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.104-2.761, P = 0.032). The GG genotype of rs2920502 in PPARγ had better blood glucose and increased insulin secretion and had lower HOMA-IR than GC/CC genotypes.

CONCLUSION

It probably could prevent insulin resistance in early stage by classifying the genotype of rs649446 and rs7109266 in UCP2. The GG genotype of rs2920502 in PPARγ had a decreased risk for diabetes. The TT genotype of rs3856806 in PPARγ had an increased risk for diabetes.

Two Novel SNPs of PPARγ Significantly Affect Weaning Growth Traits of Nanyang Cattle

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor that controls adipocyte differentiation and energy in mammals. Therefore, PPARγ is a potential factor influencing animal growth traits. This study primarily evaluates PPARγ as candidate gene for growth traits of cattle and identifies potential molecular marker for cattle breeding. Per previous studies, PPARγ mRNA was mainly expressed at extremely high levels in adipose tissues as shown by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Three novel SNPs of the bovine PPARγ gene were identified in 514 individuals from six Chinese cattle breeds: SNP1 (AC_000179.1 g.57386668 C > G) in intron 2 and SNP2 (AC_000179.1 g.57431964 C > T) and SNP3 (AC_000179.1 g.57431994 T > C) in exon 7. The present study also investigated genetic characteristics of these SNP loci in six populations. Association analysis showed that SNP1 and SNP3 loci significantly affect weaning growth traits, especially body weight of Nanyang cattle. These results revealed that SNP1 and SNP3 are potential molecular markers for cattle breeding.