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Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that affects more than half of all known proteins. Glycans covalently bound to biomolecules modulate their functions by both direct interactions, such as the recognition of glycan structures by binding partners, and indirect mechanisms that contribute to the control of protein conformation, stability, and turnover. The focus of this Review is the discussion of aberrant glycosylation related to brain cancer. Altered sialylation and fucosylation of N- and O-glycans play a role in the development and progression of brain cancer. Additionally, aberrant O-glycan expression has been implicated in brain cancer. This Review also addresses the clinical potential and applications of aberrant glycosylation for the detection and treatment of brain cancer. The viable roles glycans may play in the development of brain cancer therapeutics are addressed as well as cancer-glycoproteomics and personalized medicine. Glycoprotein alterations are considered as a hallmark of cancer while high expression in body fluids represents an opportunity for cancer assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Veillon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
| | - Christina Fakih
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
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Abstract
Background The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for identifying molecular markers of HCC development and progression. Recently, several studies have suggested that the Lrig1 may have prognostic implications in various cancer types, but its clinical value in HCC is not well evaluated. Materials and methods In this study, the expression level of Lrig1 was examined in 133 HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, potential associations between Lrig1 expression and the carcinoma clinical parameters were investigated, including recurrence and survival rate. We silenced the Lrig1 in the normal liver cell line (LO2) and liver cancer cell line (Hep-G2) in vitro by the small interference RNA and detected its influence on proliferation, migration, and invasion. Results The expression of Lrig1 was significantly downregulated in liver cancer tissues and cell lines, and its expression levels were related to tumor size, tumor–node–metastasis staging and tumor recurrence. Furthermore, analysis of 6-year survival of 133 HCC patients showed that those with stronger Lrig1 expression had significantly longer overall survival time than those with weaker Lrig1 expression. In addition, decreased expression of Lrig1 in vitro promoted the growth, migration, or invasion of normal liver cells and cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that Lrig1 could serve as a potential marker in the prognosis of patients with HCC. We also revealed that Lrig1 might be involved in the metastatic progression of liver cancer. However, its clinical value should be further investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rumeng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Wei
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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