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Gastelum-Leyva F, Pena-Jasso A, Alvarado-Vera M, Plascencia-López I, Patrón-Romero L, Loera-Castañeda V, Gándara-Mireles JA, Lares-Asseff I, Leal-Ávila MÁ, Alvelais-Palacios JA, Almeida-Pérez J, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Almanza-Reyes H. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Silver Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Non-Neurological and Neurological Distemper in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Viruses 2022; 14:2329. [PMID: 36366427 PMCID: PMC9694365 DOI: 10.3390/v14112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), a multisystemic infectious disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate in dogs. Nanotechnology represents a development opportunity for new molecules with antiviral effects that may become effective treatments in veterinary medicine. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in 207 CDV, naturally infected, mixed-breed dogs exhibiting clinical signs of the non-neurological and neurological phases of the disease. Group 1a included 52 dogs (experimental group) diagnosed with non-neurologic distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. Group 1b included 46 dogs (control group) diagnosed with non-neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. Group 2a included 58 dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. Group 2b included 51 dogs (control group) diagnosed with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. Efficacy was measured by the difference in survival rates: in Group 1a, the survival rate was 44/52 (84.6%), versus 7/46 in Group 1b (15.2%), while both showed clinical signs of non-neurological distemper. The survival rate of dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper in Group 2a (38/58; 65.6%) was significantly higher than those in Control Group 2b (0/51; 0%). No adverse reactions were detected in experimental groups treated with AgNPs. AgNPs significantly improved survival in dogs with clinical signs of neurological and non-neurological distemper. The use of AgNPs in the treatment of neurological distemper led to a drastic increase in the proportion of dogs recovered without sequels compared to dogs treated without AgNPs. The evidence demonstrates that AgNP therapy can be considered as a targeted treatment in dogs severely affected by canine distemper virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ismael Plascencia-López
- Faculty of Accounting and Administration, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Leslie Patrón-Romero
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - María Ángeles Leal-Ávila
- School of Heath Sciences, Valle de Las Palmas, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22260, Mexico
| | - J. A. Alvelais-Palacios
- School of Heath Sciences, Valle de Las Palmas, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22260, Mexico
| | | | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UNAM (CNyN-UNAM), Ensenada 22860, Mexico
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Horacio Almanza-Reyes
- Cluster de Bioeconomía de Baja California, A.C., Tijuana 22040, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
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Pinheiro LL, de Lima AR, Martins DM, de Oliveira EHC, Souza MPC, de Carvalho Miranda CMF, Baleeiro Beltrão-Braga PC, Russo FB, Pignatari GC, da Silva Filho E, Branco É. Mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with demyelinating leukoencephalitis as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01857. [PMID: 31198874 PMCID: PMC6556833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have used dogs with neurological sequelae caused by distemper as an experimental model for multiple sclerosis, owing to the similarities of the neuropathological changes between distemper virus-induced demyelinating leukoencephalitis and multiple sclerosis in humans. However, little is known about the role of mesenchymal stem cells in treating such clinical conditions. Therefore, we investigated the use of mesenchymal stem cells in four dogs with neurological lesions caused by the distemper virus. During the first year after cellular therapy, the animals did not demonstrate significant changes in their locomotive abilities. However, the intense (Grade V) myoclonus in three animals was reduced to a moderate (Grade IV) level. At one year after the mesenchymal stem cell infusions, three animals regained functional ambulation (Grade I), and all four dogs started to move independently (Grades I and II). In two animals, the myoclonic severity had become mild (Grade III). It was concluded that the use of mesenchymal stem cells could improve the quality of life of dogs with neurological sequelae caused by canine distemper, thus presenting hope for similar positive results in human patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luane Lopes Pinheiro
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita de Lima
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Danielli Martinelli Martins
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Platini C Souza
- Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Environment Sector, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiele Baldino Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ednaldo da Silva Filho
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Érika Branco
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Gugjoo MB, Amarpal A, Sharma GT. Mesenchymal stem cell basic research and applications in dog medicine. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16779-16811. [PMID: 30790282 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stem cells, owing to their special characteristics like self-renewal, multiplication, homing, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and dedifferentiation are considered to carry an "all-in-one-solution" for diverse clinical problems. However, the limited understanding of cellular physiology currently limits their definitive therapeutic use. Among various stem cell types, currently mesenchymal stem cells are extensively studied for dog clinical applications owing to their readily available sources, easy harvesting, and ability to differentiate both into mesodermal, as well as extramesodermal tissues. The isolated, culture expanded, and characterized cells have been applied both at preclinical as well as clinical settings in dogs with variable but mostly positive results. The results, though positive, are currently inconclusive and demands further intensive research on the properties and their dependence on the applications. Further, numerous clinical conditions of dog resemble to that of human counterparts and thus, if proved rewarding in the former may act as basis of therapy for the latter. The current review throws some light on dog mesenchymal stem cell properties and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amarpal Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Loots AK, Mitchell E, Dalton DL, Kotzé A, Venter EH. Advances in canine distemper virus pathogenesis research: a wildlife perspective. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:311-321. [PMID: 27902345 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has emerged as a significant disease of wildlife, which is highly contagious and readily transmitted between susceptible hosts. Initially described as an infectious disease of domestic dogs, it is now recognized as a global multi-host pathogen, infecting and causing mass mortalities in a wide range of carnivore species. The last decade has seen the effect of numerous CDV outbreaks in various wildlife populations. Prevention of CDV requires a clear understanding of the potential hosts in danger of infection as well as the dynamic pathways CDV uses to gain entry to its host cells and its ability to initiate viral shedding and disease transmission. We review recent research conducted on CDV infections in wildlife, including the latest findings on the causes of host specificity and cellular receptors involved in distemper pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika K Loots
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Emily Mitchell
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Desiré L Dalton
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Genetics Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Kotzé
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Genetics Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Estelle H Venter
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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