Association of rs1137101 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Mongolian and Han Chinese

LEPR gene polymorphisms and pneumonia risk in Taiwanese schizophrenia patients under clozapine treatment

BACKGROUND

Clozapine, the preferred medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, elevates leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients' blood. Inhibition of the clozapine metabolic enzyme CYP1A2 can potentially lead to toxicity and pneumonia. Leptin has a pro-inflammatory effect on the immune system. This study explores whether polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes are associated with increased risk of clozapine-induced pneumonia.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 302 consecutive schizophrenia patients who had been on clozapine for at least 6 months. Blood samples were collected to identify genetic polymorphisms in the LEP and LEPR genes, and the association between these polymorphisms and pneumonia incidence was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

Among the SNPs in the LEPR gene, individuals with the A/A genotype of rs1137101 had a 14.96-fold higher pneumonia risk than those with the G/G genotype (p = 0.001). Carriers of the G/G genotype of rs1805096 had a 3.72-fold increased risk compared to those with A/A (p = 0.033). For rs6657868, the A/G and G/G genotypes were associated with 2.23-fold (p = 0.005) and 6.73-fold (p = 0.013) higher risks, respectively, compared to the A/A genotype. Similarly, for rs9436746, the A/C and C/C genotypes had 2.25-fold (p = 0.005) and 5.37-fold (p = 0.029) increased risks, respectively, compared to A/A.

CONCLUSION

LEPR polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in Taiwanese schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine.

Correlation Analysis of NAMPT rs61330082 Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Hypertension

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the association of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) rs61330082 polymorphism with co-morbid hypertension (HTN) and the progression of hypertension in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A total of 453 T2DM patients were genotyped for the polymorphism of rs61330082 using SNP-scan high-throughput technology. These patients were divided into T2DM group (261 patients) and T2DM combined with hypertension group (T2MH, 192 patients). The T2MH group was further categorized into Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III based on the results of the Hypertension Grade Score. Peripheral blood plasma urea, plasma creatinine, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) indexes, and lipid biochemistry indexes were measured in patients and analyzed in relation to NAMTP polymorphisms.

Results

We found that the presence of the NAMPT rs61330082-AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing higher-grade hypertension in patients with T2MH. In addition, the A allele of the NAMPT rs61330082 gene displayed more associated in developing a higher grade of hypertension compared to the G allele. Also, the level of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) increased with hypertension grade in the NAMPT rs61330082-GG genotype.

Conclusion

NAMPT rs61330082 polymorphism was significantly associated with the progression of hypertension grade in T2MH patients and also affected plasma creatinine and LDL-c levels.

Genetic predisposition of LEPR (rs1137101) gene polymorphism related to type 2 diabetes mellitus - a meta-analysis

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted disease appropriate to elevated blood glucose levels resulting from decreased insulin and beta-cell activity. Using a case-control methodology, researchers have examined the relationship between polymorphisms in LEPR and T2DM in a population from south India.Materials and Methods: We conducted a genetic analysis of 311 participants, and results were accomplished using a case-control study, a meta-analysis of previous studies on LEPR was conducted, and type 2 diabetes genotype distribution across various geographical regions Malaysians, Chinese Han, Kuwait, Iran, Mongolia, and Han Chinese, Greece, Saudi, India (North India, Punjabi), (South India, Tamilnadu). The study involved 254 prospective investigations, and nine association studies were preferred according to preset criteria. Studies were assessed for quality using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). An analysis of the genetic models was conducted to determine their relationship, statistical analysis was utilized to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and matching 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The LEPR-rs1137101 polymorphism in the case-control study was associated with a significant increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis revealed a connection between LEPR gene polymorphism (rs1137101) and type 2 diabetes risk. Investigators might gain a more profound thought on the significance of the identified genetic variation and its impact on the chance of developing type 2 diabetes by verifying and strengthening previously reported findings. The model of fixed effects was chosen due to the low heterogeneity, and significant associations were observed in the allelic (OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.70-0.87]), homozygote (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.46-0.72]), dominant (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.56-0.79]), and recessive (OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.71-0.96]) genetic models. A Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test indicated no publication bias. These findings suggest that the rs1137101 variant in the LEPR gene has been linked to a higher risk of T2DM.Conclusions: A larger sample size, however, is required for further research, and consideration of potential confounding factors is needed to validate these associations. Understanding the implications of LEPR gene polymorphisms in T2DM susceptibility may contribute to personalized treatment strategies for patients with T2DM.