Blood index panel for gastric cancer detection

Rapid detection of liver metastasis risk in colorectal cancer patients through blood test indicators

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with liver metastasis being its most common form of metastasis. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) mainly relies on imaging techniques and puncture biopsy techniques, but there is no simple and quick early diagnosisof CRCLM.

Methods

This study aims to develop a method for rapidly detecting the risk of liver metastasis in CRC patients through blood test indicators based on machine learning (ML) techniques, thereby improving treatment outcomes. To achieve this, blood test indicators from 246 CRC patients and 256 CRCLM patients were collected and analyzed, including routine blood tests, liver function tests, electrolyte tests, renal function tests, glucose determination, cardiac enzyme profiles, blood lipids, and tumor markers. Six commonly used ML models were used for CRC and CRCLM classification and optimized by using a feature selection strategy.

Results

The results showed that AdaBoost algorithm can achieve the highest accuracy of 89.3% among the six models, which improved to 91.1% after feature selection strategy, resulting with 20 key markers.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that the combination of machine learning techniques with blood markers is feasible and effective for the rapid diagnosis of CRCLM, significantly im-proving diagnostic ac-curacy and patient prognosis.

Dysregulation of systemic immunity and its clinical application in gastric cancer

Immunotherapy has profoundly changed the treatment of gastric cancer, but only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to clarifying the mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy or developing biomarkers for patient stratification. However, previous studies have focused mainly on the tumor microenvironment. Systemic immune perturbations have long been observed in patients with gastric cancer, and the involvement of the peripheral immune system in effective anticancer responses has attracted much attention in recent years. Therefore, understanding the distinct types of systemic immune organization in gastric cancer will aid personalized treatment designed to pair with traditional therapies to alleviate their detrimental effects on systemic immunity or to directly activate the anticancer response of systemic immunity. Herein, this review aims to comprehensively summarize systemic immunity in gastric cancer, including perturbations in systemic immunity induced by cancer and traditional therapies, and the potential clinical applications of systemic immunity in the detection, prediction, prognosis and therapy of gastric cancer.