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Fernández D, Marciel de Souza W, Silvas JA, Deardorff ER, Widen SG, Estrada-Franco JG, Weaver SC, Nunes M, Aguilar PV. Barrita Virus, a Novel Virus of the Patois Serogroup (Genus Orthobunyavirus; Family Peribunyaviridae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:190-192. [PMID: 32458789 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During ecological investigations for arboviruses conducted in coastal Chiapas, Mexico, in 2007, isolate MP1078 was obtained from a pool of Psorophora varipes mosquitoes. Based on antigenic characterization, this isolate was classified as a strain of Patois virus (PATV) (Orthobunyavirus genus, Peribunyaviridae family). Recently, we conducted nearly complete genome sequencing of this isolate to gain further insight into its genetic relationship with other members of the Patois serogroup. Based on the genetic characterization, we determined that MP1078 contains S, M, and L genome segments that are genetically distinct from other viruses within the Patois serogroup. Serological analyses confirmed the taxonomic classification of MP1078 as a new virus and species within the Patois serogroup, and we propose the name Barrita virus (BITV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fernández
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston, Texas.,Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Jesus A Silvas
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston, Texas.,Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Eleanor R Deardorff
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston, Texas.,Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jose G Estrada-Franco
- Centro de Biotecnologia Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Galveston, Texas
| | - Marcio Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovation, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston, Texas.,World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Galveston, Texas.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Deardorff ER, Estrada-Franco JG, Freier JE, Navarro-Lopez R, Travassos Da Rosa A, Tesh RB, Weaver SC. Candidate vectors and rodent hosts of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Chiapas, 2006-2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 85:1146-53. [PMID: 22144461 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) has been known to occur in Mexico since the 1960s. The first natural equine epizootic was recognized in Chiapas in 1993 and since then, numerous studies have characterized the etiologic strains, including reverse genetic studies that incriminated a specific mutation that enhanced infection of epizootic mosquito vectors. The aim of this study was to determine the mosquito and rodent species involved in enzootic maintenance of subtype IE VEEV in coastal Chiapas. A longitudinal study was conducted over a year to discern which species and habitats could be associated with VEEV circulation. Antibody was rarely detected in mammals and virus was not isolated from mosquitoes. Additionally, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus populations were found to be spatially related to high levels of human and bovine seroprevalence. These mosquito populations were concentrated in areas that appear to represent foci of stable, enzootic VEEV circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Deardorff
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Aguilar PV, Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-Lopez R, Ferro C, Haddow AD, Weaver SC. Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in the Americas: hidden under the dengue umbrella. Future Virol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is an emerging infectious disease in Latin America. Outbreaks have been recorded for decades in countries with enzootic circulation, and the recent implementation of surveillance systems has allowed the detection of additional human cases in countries and areas with previously unknown VEE activity. Clinically, VEE is indistinguishable from dengue and other arboviral diseases and confirmatory diagnosis requires the use of specialized laboratory tests that are difficult to afford in resource-limited regions. Thus, the disease burden of endemic VEE in developing countries remains largely unknown, but recent surveillance suggests that it may represent up to 10% of the dengue burden in neotropical cities, or tens-of-thousands of cases per year throughout Latin America. The potential emergence of epizootic viruses from enzootic progenitors further highlights the need to strengthen surveillance activities, identify mosquito vectors and reservoirs and develop effective strategies to control the disease. In this article, we provide an overview of the current status of endemic VEE that results from spillover of the enzootic cycles, and we discuss public health measures for disease control as well as future avenues for VEE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Aguilar
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jose G Estrada-Franco
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Navarro-Lopez
- Comision Mexico-Estados Unidos para la Prevencion de la Fiebre Aftosa & Otras Enfermedades Exoticas de los Animales, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Andrew D Haddow
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Aguilar PV, Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-Lopez R, Ferro C, Haddow AD, Weaver SC. Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in the Americas: hidden under the dengue umbrella. Future Virol 2011; 6:721-740. [PMID: 21765860 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is an emerging infectious disease in Latin America. Outbreaks have been recorded for decades in countries with enzootic circulation, and the recent implementation of surveillance systems has allowed the detection of additional human cases in countries and areas with previously unknown VEE activity. Clinically, VEE is indistinguishable from dengue and other arboviral diseases and confirmatory diagnosis requires the use of specialized laboratory tests that are difficult to afford in resource-limited regions. Thus, the disease burden of endemic VEE in developing countries remains largely unknown, but recent surveillance suggests that it may represent up to 10% of the dengue burden in neotropical cities, or tens-of-thousands of cases per year throughout Latin America. The potential emergence of epizootic viruses from enzootic progenitors further highlights the need to strengthen surveillance activities, identify mosquito vectors and reservoirs and develop effective strategies to control the disease. In this article, we provide an overview of the current status of endemic VEE that results from spillover of the enzootic cycles, and we discuss public health measures for disease control as well as future avenues for VEE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Aguilar
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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